Alimi amakono amamera zomera zambiri zotentha zomwe zimadabwitsa kuti zimatha kukhazikika pansi. Chimodzi mwa zokongola zimenezi ndi Guzmania - chomera chodabwitsa chomwe chili ndi masamba owala kwambiri, omwe amasonkhanitsidwa ku rosette, ndi inflorescence yooneka ngati mapiko. Masiku ano, pali mitundu yambiri ya Hummania, kotero kuti wolima aliyense angasankhe yekha zosangalatsa zomwe angasankhe.
Mukudziwa? M'mapiri otentha a ku Central ndi South America, pazilumba ndi m'nyanja ya Caribbean, pali mitundu pafupifupi 130 ya Guzmania, yomwe ili pakati pa nthaka ndi masamba.Mitundu ina ya maluwa yakhala yolimba mizu m'zinthu zamagulu, ndipo chifukwa cha ntchito zambiri zamasankhidwe, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yakhazikitsidwa ndi inflorescences ya lalanje, yofiira, pinki, yachikasu, violet, yofiira-yofiira ndi maluwa oyera oyera.
Guzmania Donnell-Smith
Ngati mukufuna kukula chomera chodabwitsa m'nyumba mwanu, mudzafuna kudziwa zonse za maluwa a gusmania, koma choyamba muyenera kusankha pazomera zomwe zikukula. Mwachitsanzo, Donella Smith's guzmania m'deralo amakhala m'mapiri otentha a mapiri a Costa Rica ndipo ndi chitsanzo chodziwika bwino cha zomera zomwe zatha kukhazikika m'malo atsopano pamene malo awo akukhala pangozi. Mitunduyi imakhala yosavuta kukula, ndipo mabala ake owala omwe amaoneka okongola kwambiri amasangalala maso anu mwezi umodzi. 
Gusmania ya Donella Smith ili ndi mzere wofiira womwe umakhala ndi masamba obiriwira omwe ali ndi mamba wofiira. Masamba a mtundu wofiira kwambiri amawoneka bwino pamtunda ndi pamunsi pafupi, piramidial paniculate inflorescence. Kutalika kwa mapepalawo ndi masentimita 60 ndi m'lifupi mwake masentimita atatu. Guzmania ya mitundu iyi ikuyamba kukondwera ndi maluwa ake mu April - May.
Mukudziwa? Donella Smith wa guzmania anapezeka posachedwa, ndipo mbewu za mbewuzo zimafalikira ndi International Society of Bromeliad Lovers. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti kupukuta mungu sikufunika kupeza mbeu yambiri, chifukwa zomera za mtundu umenewu zimatha kudzipangira.Mbeu za Donella Smith za guzmania zimaphatikizidwa ndi tuft (kukumbukira dandelion), zomwe zimathandiza kuti azigawidwa mvula yamkuntho. Mothandizidwa ndi mphepo, mbewu zimakula pamtunda wautali ndithu.
Magazi a Guzman
Monga dzina limatanthawuzira, guzmania yofiira yamagazi imasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wobiriwira wa masamba ake, womwe umapanga mpweya wofanana ndi chigoba, kumene chinyezi ndi mtundu wina wazinthu (zomwe zimadyetsa zomera) zimasonkhana pansi pa chilengedwe. Pakati pa maluwa, chidwi cha anthu sichikopa kwambiri ndi corymbose inflorescences (yomwe ili ndi maluwa 7-12 ang'onoang'ono), koma ndi masamba okha. Peduncle siinapangidwe, koma maluwa ali pa pedicels. Mabala oyera ndi ochepa kwambiri ndipo amatha kupitirira sepals, omwe amakhala aakulu 1.7 cm. Kutalika kwa mapiko aakulu otalika ndi 7.5 masentimita, ndipo amakula pamodzi mu chubu chopapatiza, mwaulere pamwamba. 
Monga momwe tingawonere pachithunzichi, masamba onse a guzman wofiira, kupatulapo okwera kwambiri, amakhala odzaza-wofiira. Mapepala a mapepala, kuphatikizapo zidutswa 15-18, apangire chingwe chokhala ngati chigoba chokhala ndi kukula kwa masentimita 30. Zili ndizitali, zowonongeka, ndi zowonongeka.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya guzmania yofiira yamagazi:
- var. Sanguinea ("wamagazi") - amadziwika ndi mabotolo ozungulira omwe ali ndi mapeto othamanga, maluwa achikasu ndi ofiira kapena oyera. Masamba kutalika kufika masentimita 40 ndi m'lifupi mwake 5.5 masentimita. Mabotolo amazungulira, okhala ndi mapeto othamanga. Maluwa amapezeka mu April ndi August;
- var. Brevipedicellata ("amphongo amphongo") - amasiyanitsidwa ndi bracts yooneka ngati chisoti. Kutalika kwa masambawo kumafikira masentimita 20 ndi m'lifupi mwake 2.5 masentimita. Mabotolo ndi ofanana ndi chisoti, otchinga, 2.2 cm kutalika.
Ndikofunikira! Chidebe choyenera kwambiri pa guzman chipinda chokwera ndi mphika wa ceramic wozungulira ndi mamita 15 masentimita.
Musa Gusmania
Guzman wamtundu uwu, monga kale, ndi chomera cha epiphytic. Masamba ake amafika masentimita 70 m'litali, ndi masentimita 7-8 m'lifupi. Masamba 15-20 amapanga rosette yofalitsa. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito palimodzi, zowonongeka pamwamba ndi kutembenukira mwatsatanetsatane. Peduncle ali ndi mawonekedwe owongoka ndi amfupi kuposa masamba a rosette. Kuwala kofiira pamaso pa peduncle kumakhala kotsetsereka kwambiri, kotsiriza, kutupa. The inflorescence mu guzmania mosaic, yomwe imatha kutchedwa kusakaniza mitundu yosiyana, imakhala yophweka, osati yofiira ndipo ili ndi maluwa 12-15. Zovala zamtengo wapatali, obovate bracts zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe aakulu, mtundu wofiira wa pinki ndi zazifupi kwambiri kuposa sepals. Maluwa - sessile, sepals - ochepa komanso osamveka. 
Kutchire, mitundu imeneyi imapezeka nthawi zambiri m'madera ochokera ku Guatemala kupita ku Colombia ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Brazil, kumene zomera zimakula pamtunda wa mamita 1000 pamwamba pa nyanja. Kukula kwa mtundu wa Guzman kungathe kuwonedwa kuyambira mu February ndi kutha mu July, ngakhale kuti mitundu ina imatha kuphulika mu August (mwachitsanzo, var Flammea, omwe masamba ake amafika masentimita 24-34, masentimita 1-1.7 cm).
Kawirikawiri, kufotokoza kwa Husmania mosavuta kumakhala kofanana ndi kufotokozera mitundu yofiira ya magazi, koma m'munsi mwa masambawo muli ndi mthunzi wa pinki wotumbululuka.
Zina mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Guzmania yapamwamba ndi var. musaica (pamtunda wobiriwira wa tsamba ndizolowera mzere wochepa), var. zebrina (ndi mikwingwirima yambiri) ndi var. concolor - ndi masamba a monochrome.
Guzman limodzi-mawilo
Guzman imodzi-yomenyedwa imodzi imasiyana ndi masamba ambiri achikasu, omwe amapanga mpweya wandiweyani. Pansi, iwo ndi ovuta ndipo ali ndi mamba abwino kwambiri, omwe amatha msanga. Inflorescence imayimilidwa ndi mzere wochuluka wa mzere wotchulidwa pamwamba. Maluwawo ndi oyera. Nsalu zamaliseche ndizofupikitsa kusiyana ndi masamba ndipo zatchulidwa, masamba owongolera: m'munsimu ndi a mtundu wobiriwira, ndipo apamwamba ali ndi zilonda zofiira. Mitsempha yachonde yamaluwa ndi yotumbululuka, yobiriwira yobiriwira, ndi zofiira zapamtunda zautali longitudinal. Pa nthawi yomweyi, zitsanzo zopanda banga zingadzitamande ndi zofiira, zosaoneka zoyera zoyera. Mu gawo la fetus ndi bokosi lozungulira ndi white tuft. Zina mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya guzmania yomwe ili pafupi ndi:
- var. monostachia - ali ndi masamba amodzi ndi otumbululuka bracts ndi mdima wofiira longitudinal mikwingwirima. Maluwa amapezeka mu June kapena July;
- var. variegata - masamba obiriwira osiyana ndi mikwingwirima yoyera;
- var. alba - ali ndi masamba a monochrome omwe ali obiriwira kumunsi ndi oyera pamwamba.
Ndikofunikira! Pamene kuthirira guzmaniya muyenera kutsanulira madzi mwachindunji mu tsamba la masamba, ndi njira yabwino yothirira chomera ichi.
Guzmania Nicaragua
Chomera china cha epiphytic. Mitunduyi imakhala ndi masentimita 6 m'litali ndi 2.5 masentimita m'lifupi, ndipo imasonkhanitsa zidutswa 10 mpaka 5, zimapanga chikwangwani chokwanira ndi inflorescence. Masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, omwe amawonekera mopitirira mmwamba ndikuphimbidwa ndi miyeso yaying'ono yojambulidwa kuchokera pansi (panthawi yomwe iwo amakhala opanda kanthu, koma ndi mizere yofiira yayitali yaitali).
Pa peduncle palibe pubescence, koma pali masamba owongoka omwe amatsutsana nawo: m'munsimu ndi ochepa kwambiri, apamwamba ndi opangidwa ndi elliptical kwambiri, omwe ali ndi mapeto otsiriza. Mukhoza kukhala wofiira wofiira kapena wofiira-bulauni. The inflorescence ndi yochepa-yothamanga, yosavuta komanso yolemba mwachidule ndi yosaoneka yozungulira, yomwe imatha kutalika kwa masentimita 7-10. Maonekedwe a bracts ali ofanana ndi mawonekedwe a masamba apamwamba a peduncle. Zimakhala filimu yochepa kwambiri, yosasunthika, yopanda malire, yomwe imatha kutalika kwa masentimita asanu 5. Maluwawo amaimika, amaikidwa pamapazi amfupi. Mafinya ali ndi mawonekedwe a elliptical, osasunthika, osakanikirana pansi ndi 2.5 cm kutalika. Mafuta a chikasu omwe akuphatikizidwa amaimiridwa ndi kapangidwe kakang'ono kakang'ono ka chubu, ndipo zimayambira pang'ono pamtunda. 
Nthawi zambiri, Guzman ya ku Nicaragua ingapezeke ku Central America kapena ku Mexico pa mamita 635-1800 pamwamba pa nyanja. Amakonda nkhalango kumene maluwa ake amatha kuwonetsedwa mu March - May.
Guzmania Tempo
Gupomania ya Tempo ndi yofanana kwambiri ndi mitundu yapitayi: Ili ndi masamba a golide wambirimbiri (amapanga rosette) ndipo imakhala yowala kwambiri. Komabe, pokhudzana ndi chisamaliro, palinso kusiyana. Mwachitsanzo, pamene mitundu yambiri ya zomera imakonda kumwa madzi, maluwa awa amakonda chinyezi.
Mukudziwa? Guzmania inayamba kufotokozedwa mu 1802 ndipo inalandira dzina lake kulemekeza katswiri wa sayansi ya ku Spain A. Gusman.
Guzmania Zana (Zana)
Pamene ukufalikira guzmaniya, m'nyumba muli zambiri zamdima zomwe zimakopa diso. Zuzan (Zahn) guzmania, yomwe imakhala ndi masamba aakulu mpaka masentimita makumi asanu ndi awiri ndi masentimita awiri ndi atatu, ndipo imakhala yooneka bwino kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri imakhala yofiira, koma imapezeka kuti imakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira komanso wobiriwira. mitsempha ya oblong. Masamba a tsinde ndi ofiira. Kutalika kwa inflorescence ndi 18-25 masentimita. Maluwa ndi bracts amasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wa golide-wachikasu. Kusiyana kwa mitundu ya Zahn ya guzmania ndi "variegated" - chomera chomwe chili ndi masamba oyera. Zina - Colombia. 
Bango la Guzman
Mwinamwake mwamvetsa kale mtundu wa maluwa a guzmania, ndipo mwadzidzimutsa nokha kuti zachilendo za mitundu yake. Komabe, ziyeneranso kukumbukira bango la gazmania - chomera chachidule cha epiphytic chokhala ndi mizu yosauka bwino. Nthawi zambiri mitunduyi imakhala ndi masamba obiriwira, ngakhale kuti pali mitundu yambiri yamagetsi. Rutsanga la Guzman lili ndi mzere wandiweyani womwe umakhala ndi masamba ambiri obiriwira, omwe amathandizidwa ndi mamba ang'onoting'ono. Ntchentche ndi yowopsya kwambiri moti imatenga kapu yomwe imasonkhanitsa chinyezi. Ngati pakufunika, madzi osonkhanitsa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apange mphamvu.
Pamalo ochepa kwambiri a peduncle alanje kapena ofiira apamwamba masamba (stipules) amaikidwa, omwe ali mtundu wa wrapper mozungulira multi-flowered inflorescence. Maluwa ali pa miyendo yochepa kwambiri ndipo amakhala ndi mapepala ofiira oyera. Maluwa a mtundu uwu wa gusmania ukuphuka pang'onopang'ono, koma amakhalabe kwa nthawi yaitali, kukongoletsa chomera kwa masabata 15-17. Kuchokera pa chomera cha amayi kumwalira, koma panthawiyi ikuwombera ("ana") adzawonekera, ndiko kuti, Guzmania wamng'ono. 
Pofotokoza Guzmania, kaŵirikaŵiri amadziwika kuti ali ndi maluwa osaneneka, ndipo chomeracho chimangokhala ndi mabala ofiira owala kwambiri. Izi ndi zoona, koma n'zosatheka kuvomereza ndi mawu awa, chifukwa ubweya wonyezimira uli ndi maonekedwe ofiira okongola ndi maluwa achikasu mawonekedwe odabwitsa kwambiri. Masiku ano, mitundu yambiri ya bango la guzmania imadziwika:
- var. lingulata ndi chomera chachikulu chokhala ndi masamba a monochromatic, 2.5 cm lonse. Inflorescence wa gusmania yotereyo amapangidwa ndi masamba a pinki kapena ofiira owala, ndi mabotolo oboola chisoti ndi maluwa ambiri. Maluwa amapezeka mu March, August ndi December;
- var. сrdinalis - ali ndi masamba akuluakulu (3-4 masentimita), masamba obiriwira a piniflora. Inflorescence - ambiri-flowered, bracts - helmets. Zomera zimamera mu March ndi September;
- var. Mnyamata ndi mtundu wofanana wa gusmania bango. Uliwonse wa masamba a monochrome sali oposa 2.5 masentimita. Prisotsvetnye masamba - owongoka, ofiira, ndi maluwa ambiri mu inflorescences. Maluwa var. kugwa kwazing'ono mu February - July;
- var. Flammea - masamba amatha kutalika kwa masentimita 24-34 ndi kupitirira masentimita 1-1.7. Inflorescence ndi yochepa-imathamanga, yokhala ndi zojambula zojambulajambula. Maluwa odzala mu July, August.
