Fusarium tirigu, barele ndi mbewu zina za phala

Fusarium Wheat ndi matenda oyambitsidwa ndi bowa wa Fusarium. M'nyengo yozizira tirigu, barele ndi mbewu zina, matendawa amakhumudwitsa kutaya kwakukulu ndi zipatso zake. Matenda amatenga pang'onopang'ono kukula ndi kuwonongeka kwa kumera. Mitundu ina ya bowa imatulutsa poizoni, chifukwa cha izi, njereyo imakhala yosayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu komanso nyama.

Zizindikiro za Fusarium Cereals

Zizindikiro za Fusarium spike lesion amasiyana kutengera mtundu wa bowa womwe umayambitsa matendawa:

Mutha kumvetsetsa kuti njere ili ndi kachilombo pazizindikiro izi:

• mbewu ndi zofooka, makina, poyambira kwambiri, mbali zowongoka;
• kumtunda kulibe utoto kapena pinki pang'ono, sikuwala;
• endosperm friable, crumbling;
• kusungika bwino kapena kuwonongeka kwake;
• mu poyambira bowa mycelium mu mawonekedwe a kangaude wa wazungu kapena wa pinki hue ndi conidia;
• nyongolosi yamtundu wosakwanira, wodera pakudula.

Ngakhale ndi tirigu wowoneka bwino, ngati chikhalidwecho chikukhudzidwa ndi Fusarium, ndizosatheka kuchidya kuti chikhale chakudya kapena chakudya. Ikhoza kukhala ndi mycotoxins. Chifukwa chake, kusungidwa kwa mbewu sikutanthauza, kuyenera kuwonongedwa.

Kufalikira kwa matenda

Kulowa ndi ascospores ndi conidia kumachitika nthawi yomwe ikukula. Bowa mycelium nthawi yachisanu m'nthaka, pazinthu zotsalira za mbewu. Pazotsalira zazomera, matupi opanga zipatso okhala ndi ascospores amapangidwa. Zimakhudza mizu (Fusarium muzu wowola) ndipo zimayambira pakumera kwa mbeu. Fomu ya Conidia pa tsamba loyambitsidwa ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono ndi udzu. Ndi mphepo komanso mvula yamphamvu, imanyamula makutu oyenda (fusarium spike).

Zomera zimatha kutenga kachilombo ka Fusarium pamhepo yambiri komanso kutentha kwa + 20 ... +25 ° C.

Spores imagwera pa anthers, kudzera momwe imalowera mkati ndi mungu. Zinapanga malo abwino okhala ndi michere kumera ndi kukula kwa bowa.

Zotsatira zake, caryopsis, yomwe yangoyamba kumene mapangidwe ake, ili ndi kachilombo, fusarium rot kapena wilt ikayamba.

Kuopsa kwa phala la fusarium

Wofesedwa tirigu amasintha kapangidwe kake. Mapuloteni amaphatikizira kuwola, CHIKWANGWANI ndipo wowuma amawonongeka. Gluten samapereka zotheka kuti apange zinthu zophika buledi. Chifukwa cha izi, zinthu zopangidwa ndi ufa zimakhala ndi crumb yoyera, yakuda, yayikulu-pore.

Poizoni ndi tirigu wokhala ndi mycotoxins amachititsa kusanza, kupweteka, komanso kusokonezeka kwa zida zowoneka. Zizindikirozi ndi kuledzera, chifukwa chake anthu amatcha kuti zophika buledi "buledi woledzera".

Ngati mumadya zakudya zodwala, zimatha kuperewera magazi, septic tonsillitis, matenda a pakhungu. Pazakudya, sizoyenera, zimayambitsa zovuta za chiwindi ndi impso, zimalepheretsa kubereka komanso zimabweretsa khungu necrosis.

Njira zoyendetsera phala fusarium

Chithandizo chodzitchinjiriza ndi ma fungicides amakanema musanafesedwe.

Pali njira zingapo zochitira izi:

Ndikofunikanso kutsanulira mbewu monga chimanga m'nthawi ya masamba. Mankhwala othandiza kwambiri ndi ma triazoles ndi benzimidazoles:

Pofuna kuthana ndi zotupa za Fusarium, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri si kutaya nthawi.

Kuchedwa kwa masiku atatu kumapangitsa kuti ntchitoyo ichitike kawiri konse.

Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe zokha zokhala ndi bowa zomwe sizikuyenda kungathandize, koma zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonjezera fungicides. Izi zikuwonjezera luso la omaliza.

Kukonzekera kwachilengedwe kumakhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timawonetsa zochita zosemphana ndi pathogen inayake. Kwa causative wothandizira wa fusarium, awa ndi mafupa a Trichoderma lignorum ndi mabakiteriya a Pseudomonas fluorescens.

Komabe, sangagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi imodzi ndi fungicides, ndiye ma pseudomonad omwe ali mgululi yekhayo omwe amapezeka pazinthu zachilengedwe:

• Plriz. Kugwiritsa ntchito potuluka kupita ku chubu komanso kumayambiriro kwa maluwa.
• Pseudobacterin-2. Kuthirira mu gawo la tsamba lomaliza ndi kukula kwa nthomba.

Pali ma tekinoloje a eco omwe amapangitsa kuti zitheke kubzala mbewu popanda ma pathologies kokha pakukonzekera kwachilengedwe, popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala:

1. Chitani chithandizo chisanadze dzimbiri ndi Trichodermin ndi Planriz.
2. Bwerezani pa gawo la kumera ndi kulima.
3. Pa siteji yotuluka, sansaninso chubu ndikuwonjezera Betzimide.

Pofuna kupewa mawonekedwe a fusarium tirigu angakuthandizeni:

• kulima kwakuya kwa nyundo;
• kuyeretsa kwakanthawi kwa chomera kumatsalira (izi zikulepheretsa chitukuko
• matenda fungal ambiri, kuphatikizapo ndi ophiobolezny muzu wowola);
• kutsatira ndi kufalikira mtunda pakati pa makutu;
• kuwonongeka kwa udzu.

Fusarium phala, kuphatikiza tirigu wozizira ndi oats ndi vuto lalikulu pamavuto azolimo. Komabe, kutsatira malamulo ena okufesa ndi kukula, chithandizo cha prophylactic ndi mankhwala apadera zimachepetsa mwayi womwe umachitika. Matenda aliwonse ndiosavuta kupewa kuposa kutaya mbewu ndikuchiza mbewu kwa nthawi yayitali.