Phytophthora: mafotokozedwe, zomwe zimayambitsa, Zizindikiro, njira zowongolera

Choyipa chakumapeto ndi matenda omwe amakwiya ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timachokera ku banja la a Phytophthora. Dzinalo la pathology limamasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chigriki "chomera chowononga." Ponseponse, mitundu 70 ya majeremusi amadziwika. Zizindikiro za matenda zimatha kuonekera pamitengo, udzu ndi zitsamba. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timakhala pansi pamitengo ya zida zamalima, pachitetezo cha dothi, pamtunda pansipo komanso pansi pa nthaka ziwalo zomwe zakhudzidwa.

Mitundu ya choipitsa mochedwa

Mitundu yotchuka ikuphatikiza:

• Phytophthora amalowa Mont de Bary. Zimakhudza mbatata ndi zina zotchedwa nightshade, zopangidwa mu nyengo kuyambira Meyi mpaka Ogasiti;
• Phytophthora fragariae Hick. Pali mitundu iwiri (var. Rubi, var. Fragariae). Kuchokera tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timeneti, mbewu ya rasipiberi, sitiroberi ndi buckwheat titha kufa;
• Phytophthora cactorum Schroet. Zizindikiro zomwe zikusonyeza kuti matenda amapezeka pamitengo kuchokera kwa mabanja monga dogrose, beech.

Ngati mukudziwa kuthana ndi matendawa, mutha kupulumutsa zokolola zanu ku matendawa.

Werengani nkhani yakumapeto kwa mbatata.

Zizindikiro za kuchepa kwambiri

Kuti musankhe njira zovutikira, muyenera kuphunzitsa. Nthawi zambiri kuyesedwa kumangoyendera chomera.

Dziwani kuti chithandizo chabwino kwambiri nthawi zonse chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yake.

Mlimi ayenera kukhala ndi nkhawa ngati:

• pa zimayambira, masamba ndi mizu, mawonekedwe otsatirawa a imvi, bulauni, lakuda kapena lilac-brown hue adawonekera;
• utoto wazungu udawonekera kumbuyo kwa masamba, masamba owoneka ngati kutsogolo;
• inflorescence idachita khungu ndipo idagwa;
• zipatsozo zidayamba kudonyeka kenako zidadetsedwa.

Chizindikiro chomaliza nthawi zambiri chimakhala chotsatira cha kuphwanya komwe kumachitika polima mbewu ndi ulimi wamalonda. Ndikovuta kupulumutsa mbewu yomwe yakhudzidwa. Zonse zimatengera gawo lomwe matendawa adadziwika.

Mavuto omwe abwera pakadali pano ndi chifukwa cha mtundu wa kachilombo koyambitsa matenda kapena chifukwa cha zovuta zoyipa. Nyongolosiyi imakhala yotetezeka ku bowa wa Phytophthora nyengo yonse yakukula. Amayenda chifukwa cha vuto lakumapeto, ali ndi malo owuma komanso olimba. Ngati sanachiritsidwe, mbewu yomwe yakhudzidwa imayamba kuuma.

Phytophthora imatha kuyamba chifukwa cha izi:

• mpweya wosakwanira;
• kukhalapo kwa podzitchinjiriza;
• mapangidwe apangidwe;
• kunyalanyaza kutentha kwambiri;
• kasinthasintha wa mbewu yolakwika;
• ochulukitsa kubzala;
• nitrogen yambiri ndi laimu mu dothi;
• kusowa kwa manganese, potaziyamu, ayodini ndi mkuwa.

Blight amatchedwa wadwala wadyera matenda. Choyamba, matendawa amakhudza masamba omwe amapezeka pansi. Pang'onopang'ono, mawanga amatulutsa minofu yathanzi. Zotsatira zake, mbewuyo imayenda kapena kuwuma. Matamba amdima amawoneka pa tubers omwe ali ndi kachilombo, chifukwa chake kuwola kumayamba.

Phytophthora mawonekedwe pa zipatso amakula mwakuya ndi m'lifupi. Zonenepa komanso zobiriwira zonse zili pachiwopsezo.

Zimayambitsa kuvuta mochedwa

Blight imafalikira kuchokera ku chomera chodwala ndikuyendetsa yathanzi kudzera pakukhudzana mwachindunji, kudutsa pansi ndikuwomba. Zoyipa zambiri zidafalikira pamalopo, “zikumayenda” kumapeto kwa wosamalira mundawo. Musaiwale za ziweto ndi tizilombo. Amathanso kukhala onyamula matenda.

Wothandizirana nawo amatha kukhala m'nthaka zaka zingapo. Pankhaniyi, kutsegula kwake kudzachitika pakachitika zinthu zoyenera. Mutha kuthana ndi matendawa mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala komanso njira zina.

Kupewa koyambilira koyambitsa matenda

Ndi gawo limodzi lofunikira kwambiri. Njira zodzitetezera zimaphatikizapo:

• kugula mitundu yosagwirizana ndi mochedwa choipitsa. Ndikofunika kupatsa chidwi mitundu yoyambirira yosakanizidwa;
• kutola zinthu musanabzale;
• kusankha malo oyenera. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kuyang'ana pa zofunikira za chikhalidwe chofesedwa;
• kutsatira masiku ofesa kubzala;
• kutsatira kasinthidwe ka mbewu. Mwachitsanzo, tomato sangabzalidwe pambuyo pa mabanja ena. Kuyandikira kwawo sikuvomerezanso;
  kukhazikitsa kwakanthawi kwa njira zaulimi (kumasula, kuphatikiza, kuvala pamwamba, kudulira mitengo, garter);
• kuyika oyandikana nawo oyenera. Kwa tomato, ichi ndi adyo, nyemba zopotana, anyezi, nandolo, chimanga, marigold;
• kuthirira koyenera. Madzi ayenera kuthiridwa pansi pa muzu, sayenera kugwera pamasamba ndi zipatso.

Werengani za vuto lakumapeto kwa tomato.

Pamtengo wapamwamba wa laimu, ma onion ndi peat ayenera kuwonjezeredwa kudzenje. Dziko lapansi mozungulira chitsamba liyenera kuwaza ndi mchenga.

Zomera siziyenera kubzalidwe pafupi kwambiri.

Pogwiritsa ntchito ma immunomodulators, wolima mundawo azitha kukulitsa kukhazikika kwa mbewu. Nthawi yomweyo, munthu sayenera kunyalanyaza kuyeretsa dothi kuchokera ku zinyalala ndi zinyalala zomwe zingakhale magwero a matenda.

Kuphatikizika kwa njira zodzitetezera nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa Trichodermin ndi Fitosporin-M.

Pali njira zambiri zomwe zimatha kuteteza kapena kuchiritsa mbewu ku vuto lomwe lachedwa. Ndikofunika kuchita kukonzekera munthawi youma. Koma iyenera kuyimitsidwa osati kokha chifukwa cha mpweya. China chomwe chingavulaze kwambiri ndi mphepo zamphamvu. Muyenera kusamaliranso kutentha kwa mpweya.

Momwe mungalimire nthaka

Pachifukwa ichi, kukonzekera kwachilengedwe ndi fungicides kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zotsalazo zimayambitsidwa pansi mu kasupe (masabata 4 asanabzalidwe) komanso nthawi yophukira.

Kuyenera kudziwika kuti nthawi yamaluwa, mankhwala amapangidwa ndi mankhwala. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha chiwopsezo chachikulu cha kuwonongeka kwa njuchi.

Mwa alimi, zotsatirazi ndizodziwika bwino: Ordan, sulfate yamkuwa, Trichodermin, Bordeaux osakaniza, Fitosporin-M.

Greenhouse njira zodzitetezera

Kuti mbewu zomwe zili pobisalira sizivutika ndi matendawa, wolimi ayenera kuyang'anira kutentha ndi chinyezi.

Njira zomwe zalimbikitsidwa zimaphatikizaponso:

• Kuwononga zida ndi malo asanakwere. Pakadali pano, zosankhidwa za sulufule zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kufufuza kuyenera kuchitidwa motsatira malamulo oyendetsera chitetezo.
• Kutsatira zofunikira paulimi. Kutsirira sikuyenera kukhala kosowa, koma ochulukirapo.

Kuzinyalanyaza kumatha kubweretsa mbewu yonse. Chithandizo chokhazikika chochepetsera chimachepetsa chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka mochedwa.

Zofooka mu wowonjezera kutentha

Vuto lakachedwa ndi matenda omwe sangathe kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu. Mbewu zitha kupulumutsidwa kuchokera ku izi mwa kupondaponda ntchito yofunika ya microflora yoyipa. Njira zochizira mbewu zobzalidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha komanso pamalo otseguka ndizofanana. Mulimonsemo, payenera kukhala magawo angapo, apo ayi phindu lazophatikizika zama mankhwala ndi njira zina sizingachitike.

Tizindikire kuti phytophthora ikawonongeka pobzala, chiopsezo cha poizoni ndiwambiri kuposa pochita zakunja. Popewa izi, wosamalira mundawo ayenera kutsatira njira zonse zachitetezo.

Momwe mungasungire wowonjezera kutentha kuchokera ku vuto lakumapeto

Agrochemicals onse ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito muulimi adalembedwa mu State Catalog. Pofuna kuthana ndi vuto lomwe lachedwa, mankhwala monga:

• Concento - phenamidone, propamocarb hydrochloride;
• Sectin Phenomenon - mancozeb, phenamidone;
• Previkur Energy - fosetil, propamocarb;
• Thanos - cymoxanil, Famoxadone.

Kunyumba ndimakonda kwambiri nzika za chilimwe. Fangayi imaphatikizanso zamkuwa zamkuwa.

Ambiri monga othandizira othandizira amagwiritsa ntchito Furacilin, Metronidazole ndi Trichopolum.
Pakati pa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, Fitosporin amatsogolera. Itha kuphatikizidwa ndi mankhwala ena. Dongosolo ndi gulu lowopsa la 3 fungosis. Pafupipafupi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kutalika kwa nthawi ya achire. Yankho limakonzedwa malinga ndi malangizo omwe aphatikizidwa.

Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito potaziyamu permanganate, calcium chloride, wobiriwira wanzeru, boric acid, osakaniza a Bordeaux, sulfate wamkuwa ndi calcium nitrate.

Nkhondo yolimbana ndi vuto lakachedwa mothandizidwa ndi wowerengeka azitsamba

Mndandanda wawo ndiwokulira. Kuti mukwaniritse bwino, njira zina ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi kukonzekera kwa mankhwala.

Mlimiyo amatha kusankha njira ina iliyonse kuchokera pamwambapa. Chinthu chachikulu ndikuchita kupewa komanso kuchiza panthawi. Kupanda kutero, choipitsa mochedwa chimafalikira pamalowa ndikuwononga mbewu yonse.