Mwa alimi, fungo lonunkhira limadziwika chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana, fungo labwino komanso chisamaliro chosachepera. Fungo limakopa njuchi kumunda, kuteteza mbewu zina ku tizilombo zoipa.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya fodya onunkhira
Mtengowo uli ndi mitundu yambiri. Amasiyana mumithunzi ya pamakhala, kutalika kwa zimayambira zazikulu.
Zosakhazikika mitundu
Zomera ndizochepa, zomwe zimafikira kutalika kwa 30 cm. Zimawoneka mochititsa chidwi panjira, pafupi ndi mabenchi, monga maluwa apakhomo, m'mabedi amaluwa. Zimayenda bwino ndi petunias, ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi opanga maonekedwe m'mapiri a mapiri.
| Gulu | Maluwa | ||
| Havana appleblossom | Chomera chomwe chili ndi maluwa osiyanasiyana a pinki, mandimu, ofiira, achikasu. | ||
| Nicki ofiira | Chimakula. Kupaka utoto ndi utoto wambiri kuyambira wofiira mpaka woyera. | ||
| Rosa gnom | Mitundu yomwe imakula pang'ono, mpaka 25 cm yokhala ndi pinki komanso maluwa ofiira owala. Chimawoneka bwino mu mawonekedwe amalire. | ||
Mitundu yayikulu-yayikulu
Amakula mpaka masentimita 50. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mipanda yokhala, yobzalidwa pamabedi a maluwa, pakhonde la nyumba, m'makoma. Yang'anani bwino ndi maluwa osakhazikika.
| Gulu | Maluwa | ||
| Chaimu chobiriwira | Kukula ngati chikhalidwe chosatha. Maluwa ali ndi mandimu oyera, oyera, amitundu ya beige. | ||
| Kuwala kobiriwira | Mtengowo uli ndi masamba obiriwira, mtundu woyambirira wobiriwira. | ||
| Wogona pabedi | Maluwa oyera satsekera masana, amakhala ndi fungo labwino. | ||
| Chachikulu F1 | Amamera ndi masamba akuluakulu, olamulidwa ndi zobiriwira, zoyera, zofiira. | ||
| Lilac chifunga | Pali maluwa ambiri, amatsegula masanawa. Mthunzi wamtundu wamtundu wamtundu wa lilac. | ||
| Doko labwino | Imafika mpaka masentimita 60. Imakhala ndi fungo labwino kwambiri, mitundu yoyera, yamtambo, yamtambo yamtambo. | ||
| Bonfire | Imakhala ndi masamba ofiira owoneka bwino komanso ofiira. | ||
Mitundu yayitali
Maluwa amtunduwu amakula kuyambira 70 cm ndi pamwamba. Zogwiritsidwa ntchito zokongoletsera mizati, makoma, ngati mipanda. Amawoneka okongola atabzalidwa m'magulu pafupi ndi mitengo yayikulu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe kuti apange maziko a nyimbo.
| Zosiyanasiyana | Maluwa | ||
| Hypnosis | Fungo lokoma, lonunkhira bwino. Maluwa achikuda a Lilac amapezeka, nthawi zina matani obiriwira amabwera. | ||
| Wonunkhira wobiriwira | Imakhala ndi maluwa osati ma asterisks, koma mabelu amtundu wobiriwira wachilendo. | ||
| Lenevsky | Mithunzi yamatalala ofewa. Woongoleredwa ndi mitundu yapinki, yoyera, ya pistachio. Fungo losatha, lokhalitsa. | ||
| Madzulo | Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi maluwa oyera oyera. Masamba amatseguka dzuwa litalowa. Fungo lamphamvu limamveka usiku wonse. | ||
| Highscore | Ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso fungo labwino. | ||
| Mazhi Noir | Imakhala ndi fungo labwino, maluwa osangalatsa angapo. | ||
| Chisoni | Amamera mpaka mita 1. Maluwa ali ndi utoto wowala. Fungo lake limamveka lamphamvu m'mawa. | ||
Kukula fungo lonunkhira bwino kuchokera kumbewu
Ndikosavuta kukula chomera chokongoletsera ichi. Itha kufalikira podzifesa, koma nyengo yopanda chipale, nyengo yozizira kumapeto kwa masika, mphukira sizingathe kumera. Ili ndi duwa lokonda kutentha, choncho liyenera kubzalidwe pambuyo pakutha kwa chisanu usiku. Kenako mutha kukhala otsimikiza kuti mudzapulumuka.
Chomera cha fodya onunkhira chimakhala chachilengedwe munthawi zachilengedwe, koma chimakula ngati mawonekedwe a zopezeka paminda.
Konzani mbande kuyamba kumayambiriro kwa Marichi. Pofunika zotengera ndi dothi lathyathyathya Dothi la m'munda ndiloyenera dothi, mutha kuwonjezera humus ndi peat. Mbewu ya mbewuyi ndiying'ono, ndikofunikira kuigawa mosamala pang'onopang'ono. Pofesa yunifolomu yofananira, alimi odziwa bwino amalangiza kusakaniza mbewu ndi mchenga wabwino, kuwaza mosamala ndi nthaka, kutsitsiza kuchokera ku sprayer. Tengani madzi ofunda, osamalidwa bwino.
Olima ena amalimbikitsa kuthira supuni yotsekemera pambewu zothiriridwa. Kupanikizika kwa mbewa kuchokera ku mfuti ya msipu kumera kumera pansi, chifukwa cha izi sadzaonekera nthawi yayitali.
Kusamalira mbande za fodya onunkhira
Kuti mupeze mbewu zolimba komanso zathanzi, kubzala ndi chisamaliro kuyenera kuchitidwa malinga ndi malamulowo:
- Kutentha kwabwino kwa mbande kumakhala mkati mwa + 18 ... +22 ° C.
- Mukabzala mbewu mchidebe, makamaka pangani zotsatira za zobiriwira. Kuti muchite izi, ikani galasi pamwamba kapena kuphimba ndi zojambulazo.
- Tsegulani wowonjezera kutentha kwa mphindi zochepa tsiku lililonse kuti mpweya wabwino.
- Dothi likamuma, liwachotsere ku sprayer. Dziko lapansi liyenera kukhala lonyowa nthawi zonse, koma popanda chinyezi.
Mu imodzi ndi theka - masabata awiri mphukira zoyambirira zidzatuluka. Zidzakhala zochepa. Kuti mbande zisatalike kwambiri, zimawakonzera kuunikira masana. Kanemayo kapena galasi limachotsedwa. Kutentha kumachepetsedwa kukhala + 16 ° C, iwo amaika zotengera zokhala ndi mbande pansi pazowala koma zomwazikana.
Masamba awiri enieni akangowoneka m'masamba, amawagawa m'magulu awiri kapena kuwonda, ndikusiyira mtunda wa 3-4 cm. Izi zimalola kuti mmera usamavutike kupeza malo atsopano. Kuti mupange chomera chobiriwira, masamba a 5-6 atawonekera, tsinani pamwamba.
Kubzala fodya wonunkhira poyera
Pakangotha kutentha kokhazikika ndiye kuti mbande zakula zibzalidwe panthaka. Nthaka imawuma bwino, ndipo chisanu sichibwerera usiku. Dera lililonse lili ndi nthawi yake. Kuzungulira kumapeto kwa Meyi kwa Russia yapakati. Masabata awiri asanagwiridwe pansi, mbande zimayamba kuzolowera mpweya wabwino. Kuti achite izi, amatengedwa tsiku ndi tsiku.
Kutalika kwa mtundu uwu wa kuuma kumayambira 1 ora ndikufika tsiku.
Muyenera kusankha malo abwino oti mubzalire fodya onunkhira. Sichiyenera kuwululidwa ndi dzuwa mwachindunji ndi mafunde amphamvu. Zimayambira kutalika mwachangu, tchire limawoneka ngati lopanda pake. Kuphatikizika kwa dzikolo kulibe kanthu, koma chinyezi ndi chonde zimakhudza kukula ndi maluwa.
Muyenera kubzala zitsamba mtunda wa 20 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Kwa mitundu yayitali, mtunda ungachuluke. Amakula kukula, amafuna malo ambiri, woyamba kutalika kenako nkuyamba kufalikira pansi.
Superphosphate imawonjezedwa pachitsime chilichonse. Mmera umasunthidwa mosamala, amawonjezera dothi, kuthiriridwa bwino, amapanga mabedi.
Kusamalira fodya onunkhira
Ndikosavuta kubzala fungo lonunkhira pa zomwe mumachita. Imatha kukula mumikhalidwe iliyonse, imasinthika mosavuta. Kupeza zokometsera zokongola, kununkhira kosalekeza komanso maluwa ataliatali, chisamaliro chofunikira ndikofunikira.
Kuthirira
Ichi ndi chomera chosakanizidwa, chimadya mafuta ambiri. Kuti maluwa ayambe kubiriwira (makamaka nyengo yotentha) muyenera kuthirira kwapamwamba. Dothi liyenera kukhala lonyowa nthawi zonse.
Nthawi yabwino ya izi ndi maola a m'mawa ndi madzulo.
Kuwala
Maluwa onunkhira ndi odzichiritsa, safuna mikhalidwe yapadera. Chomera chizolowera kusinthasintha pamtengo wamtali komanso kuwala kowala. Chifukwa chonyalanyaza, opanga maonekedwe amawakonda. Koma pamthunzi wofiyira, fodya amakula bwino. Maluwa amasuntha nthawi ya kukula kuti apange chitsamba chokongola komanso chokongola.
Dothi
Kapangidwe ka dothi sikofunika chomera, chifukwa mbande, mutha kungotenga dimba lokhalokha. Chonde komanso ngalande zimathandizira kukulitsa bwino. Kupanga masamba ambiri, ndikofunikira kumasula dothi pafupipafupi, kugwiritsa ntchito mulch yachilengedwe, kuwonjezeranso nyengo yonse.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Manyowa kawiri pa nyengo: pomwe masamba atawonekera komanso koyambirira kwa maluwa. Feteleza sifunikira m'nthaka yachonde. M'dothi lakutha, michere yokhala ndi michere yambiri yokhala ndi zochepa za nayitrogeni ndi yoyenera. Chifukwa cha izi, masamba amakula mwachangu, koma kumatuluka kudzakhala koyipa. Feteleza amaphatikiza madzi othirira.
Kudulira
Ma inflorescence omwe adachita maluwa samasokoneza mapangidwe atsopano. Koma mbewuyo imawoneka yosalala, yosasamalidwa. Maluwa akupitilira mosalekeza, mwina pakhoza kuphuka masamba ambiri. Ndikwabwino kuzisonkhanitsa kuti zokongoletsera ndizokhalabe pamlingo wokwera.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Fodya wokhala ndi masamba ali ndi mitundu yambiri ya phytoncides mu msipu wake, motero mbewuyi imalephera kuziteteza ndi matenda. Imateteza malo ena okhala pafupi.
Nthawi zina, maluwa amakhudzidwa ndi downy mildew. Utoto wachikaso wokhala ndi mawonekedwe obiriwira obiriwira pamasamba. Amaphwa, m'mphepete. Pofuna kuthana ndi matendawa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchotsa ndikuwotcha tchire lomwe lakhudzidwa. Pukuta pansi pansi pawo ndi yankho la formalin (7.5%). Pa lalikulu. m kudya 30 malita. Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimafunikanso kuthandizidwa ndi formalin (3%). Spani mbewu zapafupi ndi Tsineba (80%).
Fungo lonunkhira utatha maluwa
M'dzinja, mapira atsekemera atatha, muyenera kusankha tchire lolimba kwambiri. Kukumba pansi, ikani miphika yophika kale. Fupikitsa zimayambira ndi wachitatu. Bweretsani ku nyumbayo, ikani malo ounikira (pawindo lakum'mawa kapena kumwera) ndikunyamuka nthawi yozizira, gulitsani mpaka masika.
Ndikofunikira kuyang'anira momwe dothi lilili. Sayenera kukhala youma, chifukwa mbewu zitha kufa. Madzi ngati pakufunika, koma osasamba. Nthaka ikadzitentha mchaka, sipadzakhala kutentha kwamadzulo usiku, tchire limasinthidwa kupita panja. Ndi njira yofalitsira iyi, duwa limatha kubadwa kwa zaka zingapo.
Mr. Chilimwe wokhala anati: fungo lonunkhira - fung fung m'munda
Fodya wokoma ndi chomera chokongola komanso chothandiza ku kanyumba ka chilimwe. Fungo lake limakopa njuchi, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti mbewu zizipukutidwa ndi tizilombo.
Komanso chomeracho chimagonjetsa chikumbu cha mbatata ya Colorado. Fodya ndi mbatata ndi a banja la nightshade. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapitilira ku maluwa onunkhira, koma osasinthika masamba ake ndi owopsa. Tizirombo tamadya tikamadya masamba timafa.
Kuti muchotse kachilomboka ka mbatata za ku Colorado, akatswiri amalangizanso kubzala fungo lonunkhira m'mphepete mwa chiwembu masiku angapo m'mbuyomu kuposa mbatata. Duwa silikhala lopanda tizirombo, monga ziphe za mankhwala. Kubzala palimodzi kwazaka zitatu kudzakuthandizira kuchotsa tizilombo toopsa.
Fodya wokoma amatanthauza maluwa onunkhira achilendo omwe amapanga munda wapadera wamunda. Kuphatikizidwa bwino ndi malo ena obzala. Kusangalatsa ndi mawonekedwe awo chilimwe chonse, musafunike chisamaliro chovuta.
