M'matawuni, dzungu ndi imodzi mwazomera zamasamba. Nyengo pano ndi yabwino kulima mitundu yambiri yotchuka. Zowona, chilimwe chotentha sichikhala chokwanira kucha maungu atsopano komanso okoma kwambiri, koma mitundu yosemedwayo imamva bwino m'mundamu: palibe kutentha kwambiri, ndipo nthaka yake ndi yachonde.
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya maungu ya malo otseguka m'matawuni
Ku Moscow Region, dzungu lalikulu ndi lophika kwambiri limalimidwa; ndizovuta kwambiri kulima nutmeg. Mitundu yonse itatuyi ndi yosiyana kwambiri wina ndi mnzake. Dzungu loumbidwa ndi makina limatchedwa kuti khungwa lamphamvu kwambiri, ngati mtengo, mwa mitundu ina makungwawo ndi ofewa. Nthawi yomweyo, mitundu yambiri ya maungu olimbika owiritsa amadziwika ndi kukhwima koyambirira, ndichifukwa chake poyambirira amayesedwa kubzala m'malo osatentha kwambiri.
Dzungu lalikululo lokhala ndi zipatso lalitali limakhala ndi nthawi yayitali kuposa yophika kwambiri, koma ndi lozizira kwambiri ndipo, monga dzinalo limatanthauzira, limabala zipatso kwambiri. Dzungu la Nutmeg ndiye lokoma kwambiri, komanso lokonda kutentha kwambiri. Mitundu yake yambiri imasiyanitsidwa ndi kucha mochedwa, chifukwa chake, m'malo a Chigawo cha Moscow pamakhala mavuto ndi kulima kwawo. Njira zosasamala zomwe zimakula pakatikati pa Russia sizimawonjezera mafunso pakakhala dzungu lopindika, mbewu zazikuluzikulu zodzalidwa makamaka ndi mbande, ndipo kwa natimeg, greenhouse nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ku dera la Moscow, mitundu yotsatira yolimba ndiyotchuka kwambiri.
- Gribovskaya chitsamba 189 ndi mitundu yoyambirira kucha, yomwe imadziwika kwa nthawi yoposa theka la zaka. Kuchokera pakuwoneka mbande yoyamba mpaka kukolola zimatenga masiku 86-98. Maungu ali ndi mawonekedwe owundana kapena osalimba, olemera kuyambira 2,5 mpaka 5 kg, lalanje wachikasu wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda bii. Guwa ndi mtundu womwewo, wandiweyani, kukoma kwabwino, shuga wambiri. Kukana matenda ndi kwapakatikati.
Gribovskaya chitsamba - mitundu yodalirika, yoyeserera nthawi
- Spaghetti - osiyanasiyana ophatikizidwa ndi State Register ya Russian Federation kumayambiriro kwa zaka za XXI, cholinga chapadziko lonse. Zipatso zoyambirira zimatha kuchotsedwa pakatha masiku 62 mutatha kumera. Mu kukhwima mwaukadaulo, zipatso ndizobiriwira bwino, zakupsa - zonona. Maungu ndi ang'ono, akulemera mpaka 1 kg, mbiya. Ubwangwa wake ndi wonenepa, wosakhwima, wonunkhira wa vanila. Zambiri za shuga zamkati ndizochepa. Zosiyanazi ndizolekerera chilala, zomwe zimadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa zipatso.
Mitundu yokhala ndi dzina "Spaghetti" sikuti maungu okha, komanso zucchini, chifukwa awa ndi mbewu zokhudzana
- Golosymyanka ndi chipatso chamkati chapakati chokhala ndi zipatso zamungule zodziwoneka bwino kuyambira 4 mpaka 6 kg, wachikaso chakuda ndi mawanga oyera. Guwa lake ndi lachikaso, lokoma pang'ono. Mitundu yosamva yozizira, yodziwika ndi mbewu yopanda peel, koma yowonjezera mafuta.
- Mozoleevskaya 49 - wakale, woyenereradi nyengo yapakatikati. Nyengo yokulira ndi masiku 101-120. Zipatso ndizovala zazifupi, zolimba pang'ono, kulemera kwa 4-5 makilogalamu, mu kupangika kwaukadaulo, zobiriwira zakuda ndi mikwaso yachikasu, zokhwima bwino zimapakidwa utoto wa lalanje ndipo zimakutidwa ndi mtundu wa bulauni. Guwa ndi lalanje, lokoma, lolimba, lokoma kwambiri. Zipatso zimasungidwa bwino ndikuyendetsedwa. Matenda ofala kwambiri.
Mozoleevskaya - mitundu yosiyanasiyana yoposa theka la zaka
Pakati pa maungu okhala ndi zipatso zazikulu pazikhalidwe za Central, izi zitha kusiyanitsidwa.
- Volga imvi 92 ndi mtundu wakale wokhala ndi nthawi yakucha yapakatikati, nyengo yakukulira ndi masiku 102-121. Maungu amakhala pafupifupi ozungulira, osalala pang'ono, kulemera kwa 6 mpaka 9 kg, ngakhale imvi. Guwa ndi lachikasu kapena kirimu, lokoma kwambiri, lokoma. Zosiyanazo ndizololera kwambiri, zosagwira chilala, kukana matenda pamlingo wambiri. Zipatsozo zimayendetsedwa bwino ndikusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali.
Volga imvi imawoneka yopatsa chidwi, koma gululi ndi labwino kwambiri
- Mwezi waukulu ndi umodzi mwamitundu yatsopano yomwe ipita patebulo. Nthawi yakucha ndi yapakatikati; zipatso ndizazungulira, yosalala, lalanje lamtundu. Ndi kuyika kwaulere kumadera omwe amakula mpaka 35 makilogalamu, chojambulira cholemera pafupifupi centner chimadziwika. Mkati mwake muli utoto wonyezimira, zamkati ndiwaphikaphika, wokoma bwino. Maungu amayendetsedwa bwino, osungidwa kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Mwezi waukulu - m'modzi mwa olemba mundawo ali ndi kukula kwa mwana wosabadwayo
- Mankhwala - mitundu yoyambirira yakucha, yodziwika ndi zokolola zambiri komanso moyo wautali wautali. Zipatsozi zimasanjikizidwa, imvi yopepuka ndi ukonde wakuda kwambiri, wolemera makilogalamu 4-7. Guwa ndi lalanje, lokoma, lokoma kwambiri. Imalephera kuthana ndi kutentha pang'ono komanso nyengo zina zovuta, koma zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi zovuta: zimakhudzidwa ndi matenda.
- Sweetie ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yatsopano yakucha kwapakatikati, kukonza patebulo. Zipatso ndizoyendayenda, zosanjidwa, zolemera mpaka 3 kg. Popeza chitsamba chimapanga makope 6, zokolola zonse sizoyipa. Maungu ndimtundu wakuda bii ndi mawanga obiriwira. Guwa ndi lalanje wowala, kukhala wofiira, wowutsa mudyo, wokhala ndi shuga wambiri, wabwino wabwino. Zosiyanasiyana zimawonedwa ngati zosagwira, motero zimakhwitsidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana.
Sweetie - dzungu lokongola komanso labwino kwambiri
Maungu a Nutmeg ndiwosangalatsa kwambiri, chifukwa cha ma gourmet, m'malo a Dera la Moscow ndiwovuta kubereka, koma pali mitundu yomwe imakhala ndi nthawi yakucha.
- Chipatso chokhala ndi masamba ndi nyengo yapakatikati, ngakhale yolimbikitsidwa ndi State Register yaku Central dera. Nthawi yofunikira yakucha kwathunthu ndi masiku 130-150. Zipatso ndizoyala, zofiirira, yokutidwa ndi zokutira za waxy, nthawi zambiri zimalemera makilogalamu 6-7. Guwa ndi lalanje, wandiweyani, louma. Maungu amayendetsedwa bwino, osungidwa kwa miyezi isanu ndi iwiri. Zosiyanasiyana zimatha kusintha nyengo zosiyanasiyana.
Zipatso zojambula - imodzi mwazitundu zochepa za muscat zolimbikitsidwa kudera la Moscow
- Nectar ndi mtundu watsopano wokhala ndi kukhwima kwapakatikati. Zipatso ndizowoneka ngati peyala, zazitali kukula, kuyambira masentimita atatu mpaka 7. Kupaka utoto ndi lalanje, wokhala ndi phula. Guwa ndi yowutsa mudyo, lalanje pamtundu, kukoma kwambiri. Amasungidwa osapitilira miyezi itatu.
- Matilda F1 ndi Dutch wosakanizidwa wolimbikitsidwa m'chigawo chapakati, ndi kukhwima kwapakatikati. Zipatso zimatha kukhala zokonzekera pakatha miyezi 3.5 mutamera, zimapangidwa pakhungu, chikaso chake, kuyambira masentimita 3.5 mpaka 4.5. Guwa ndi lakuda, lalanje, lokoma kwambiri. Maungu amayendetsedwa bwino, amagona nthawi yozizira pafupifupi miyezi 4. Zosiyanasiyana sizigwirizana ndi nyengo yowonda komanso kuchuluka kwachuma.
Matilda si wokongola kwambiri, koma wokoma kwambiri
Zinthu zikukula
Dzungu ndi chikhalidwe chokonda kutentha, koma silingatchedwe masamba akumwera: limapsa mwangwiro m'njira yapakatikati. Mitundu yakucha yatsopano imabzalidwe ndi ena okhala nthawi yaku chilimwe ku Moscow Region kumapeto kwa nkhokwe zobiriwira, ndipo nyengo yofunda ikalowa, amakwapula: palibe phindu kukhala ndi malo obiriwira okhala ndi tchire lalikulu. Kwenikweni, dzungu lakula poyera. M'chigawo cha Moscow, njira zonse ziwiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mbewu ndi mmera pobzala chikhalidwechi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito chimodzimodzi.
Popeza mitundu yambiri ya maungu imakhala ndi zotupa zazitali (mpaka ma mita atatu kapena kupitilira), vuto lalikulu m'malo ang'onoang'ono ndikusankha komwe adzaikidwe. Dzungu, ngati nkhaka, limakonda kukwera zothandizira, kuphatikiza mitengo yazipatso. Pogwiritsa ntchito katunduyu, okhala m'malo otentha nthawi zambiri amakhalanso dzungu pa mpanda, kenako ndikumuthandiza kukweza. Ngati izi sizingatheke, trellises kapena canopies nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa mwapadera kuti maungu amakula pa "yachiwiri" ndipo osasokoneza kubzala masamba ena.
M'malo mwake, vuto la kusowa kwa malo limapangidwira kwakukulu: pambuyo pake, ndikokwanira kuti banja lokha kubzala zitsamba 3-4, ndipo malo olandirako aliyense wa iwo ali pafupifupi mita 12. Maungu nthawi zambiri amabzala m'mibiya yachitsulo chosafunikira, matumba akulu, ndipo ngakhale mwachindunji pamulu wa manyowa. Koma mulimonsemo, mbewuzo ziyenera kuyatsidwa bwino ndi dzuwa.
Kuti tisunge malo, okhalamo chilimwe amatenga zidule zosiyanasiyana
Vuto lachiwiri, kuwonjezera pakusankha malo, ndikuti dzungu limafuna michere yambiri, makamaka yochokera kumanyowa. Ndikosatheka kukula mbewu yeniyeni popanda manyowa kapena kompositi yabwino. Inde, ndipo dothi lenilenilo silingakhale lililonse. Dzungu labwino limachita bwino pamiyeso yakuda yakuda ndi zotumphukira za mchenga wopanda asidi. Pamaso pake, m'malo osankhidwa, simungathe kubzala zukini ndi nkhaka.
Bedi la maungu siliyenera kukumbidwa mosalekeza. Nthawi zambiri dzungu limabzalidwa ngati chitsamba: amakumba mabowo akuluakulu (pafupi mabowo) momwe mulingo waukulu wa umuna umayikidwa. Chitsamba chimodzi chimafuna chidebe cha manyowa owola ndi phulusa lamatanda angapo. Zopangira feteleza sizitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito musanabzala, ndibwino kuzigwiritsa ntchito pambuyo pake, mwanjira yovala pamwamba.
M'madera a Chigawo cha Moscow, ndikofunikira kukonza maenje okumbikakumbika pakugwa, ndipo mu Meyi atha kuthiridwa bwino ndi madzi ofunda, mutha kuwonjezera ammonium nitrate (5-10 g pachidebe chilichonse), kenako ndikuphimba ndi filimu ndikusunga mpaka dzungu libzalidwe: zilibe kanthu mbande kapena mbewu.
Kukula mbande
Mitundu yakucha yakucha ku Moscow Region ikhoza kubzalidwa ndi njere panthaka, ndipo mitundu yokhala ndi nyengo yophukira yoposa miyezi itatu imabadwa bwino kudzera mbande.
Mukadzala dzungu kuti mbande
Nthawi yodzala mbande imawerengeredwa potengera kuti mbande zimazidulira panja pazaka pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, ndipo zimatenga pafupifupi sabata kuti mbande ziwonekere. Mbande zibzalidwe panthaka nthawi yomweyo ndi tomato, ndiye kuti nthawi yakuzizira ikasowa.
Chifukwa chake, malinga ndi dera la Moscow, mbande zimasunthidwa pabedi pamalire a kasupe ndi chilimwe, ndipo kufesa mbewu kunyumba kuyenera kuchitika kumapeto kwa Epulo. Pambuyo pake - mitundu yosachedwa kucha kwambiri. Pobzala m'mbuyomu, kubzala pamabedi kuyenera kuphimbidwa bwino.
Kukonzekera kukula mbande ndi kufesa mbewu
Dzungu pa zaka zilizonse zowonjezera zowawa. Pachifukwa ichi, kufesa mbewu m'bokosi wamba ndizowopsa: sizingatheke kuchotsa mbande popanda kuwononga mizu. Zosankha zabwino kwambiri zokhala ndi mbande ndi miphika yayikulu kwambiri ya peat yomwe ilipo pamsika.
Kwa mbande dzungu, mapoto okhala ndi lita imodzi ndi ofunikira
Nthaka ikhoza kugulidwa m'sitolo posankha yomwe inakonzedwa kuti ikhale nkhaka, mawu oti "dzungu" pamayikidwe ndi osowa kwambiri. Yabwino komanso yachilengedwe pamasamba aliwonse. Koma mutha kukonza dothi lanu nokha, ngati pali zosakaniza zina. Kuphatikizidwa kwabwino kwambiri ndi peat, humus ndi utuchi (bwino kuzungulira) mu chiyerekezo cha 2: 1: 1. Chidebe cha osakaniza oterowo chikuyenera kuwonjezera kapu ya phulusa la supuni kapena supuni ya nitrophosphate, kenako kusakaniza bwino komanso kuphera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, okhala ndi madzi ambiri ndi njira ya pinki ya potaziyamu permanganate.
M'masitolo odziwika mutha kusankha nthangala zamtundu uliwonse, koma mumakonda kupatsidwa zoned, kudera la Central kapena madera apafupi. Mbewu zambiri zogulitsidwa ndi makampani odziwika zili kale zakonzeka kufesa, ndipo kwa mbande sizingakonzekere. Koma dzungu limafesedwa nthawi zambiri ndi nthanga za m'mbuyomu, ndipo izi ndi zomveka: ndikosavuta kusakatula nthanga, zimasungidwa bwino, ndipo anthu okhala nthawi yozizira sakhala nawo gawo lokonzanso assortment.
Mukangotola mbewu zanu, muyenera kusankha dzungu ili, lopsa bwino m'mundamo ndikukula msanga. Ndikwabwino kusankha nthanga dzungu mutatha mwezi umodzi kusungidwa kunyumba. Ndikosavuta kuchotsa mbewuzo, kenako zimatsukidwa kuchokera zamkati ndi madzi ndikuziwuma, ndikuchotsa zosafunika nthawi yomweyo. Sungani m'matumba a pepala kutentha kwa firiji komanso chinyezi chochepa. Moyo wa alumali wafika zaka zisanu ndi zitatu.
Mbewu zawo nthawi zambiri zimakonzedwa kuti zibzalidwe, kukonzekera kungaphatikizepo zochitika zambiri, mwachitsanzo:
- kumera kumera;
- kuyankha
- kusazindikira
- Kutentha m'madzi pa (50 ± 2) zaC;
- kumera;
- kuumitsa mtima mufiriji;
- Chithandizo ndi feteleza njira;
- mankhwala ndi biostimulants.
Kufunika kwa ntchito izi sikutsimikizika; wosamalira mundawo amasankha magawo omwe amawona kuti ndi ofunika. Mbewu zabwino zimamera bwino popanda kukonzekera, pambuyo pake maungu amakula bwino ndikubala zipatso.
Mbewu zofesedwa mumphika wa peat mpaka akuya masentimita 3-4.Mbewu ziwiri zimayikidwa mu iliyonse, ndikuziyika patali kwa masentimita 2-3 kuchokera pa mzake. Miphika yokhala ndi mbewu imathiridwa ndimadzi ofunda, ophimbidwa ndi galasi kapena filimu yowonekera ndikuyika malo otentha (kutentha kwa 22 mpaka 30 zaC) Ndikofunika nthawi yomweyo kupereka magetsi abwino, kuti musaphonye mphukira. Zomera zoyamba zikamera, zimamera kwambiri, ndipo ngati sizinayende bwino, zidzatambalala tsiku loyamba. Kuphatikiza pa kuwunika, m'masiku oyamba 3-4 adzafunika kutentha pang'ono (16-18 zaC)
Masiku angapo zitamera, zolimba zimasiyidwa, ndipo zina zonse zimadulidwa mosamala ndi lumo. Anthu okhala m'chilimwe, omwe amakhala mosakhalitsa m'minda, amalima mbande m'malo obisika kapena m'malo obisalamo: ndizosavuta kupanga zofunikira zake.
Kusamalira Mbewu
Pakukula mbande, kwenikweni, ndiye kutentha ndi kuwala kokha komwe kumafunikira: patatha masiku angapo oyambawo, kutentha kumakwezekanso kutentha kutentha. Mwiniyo "atafikisa" zikamera, ndipo atha kutambalala, mutha kuyesa kupulumutsa mbande. Kuti muchite izi, gawo la tsinde kuchokera pansi mpaka masamba a cotyledon limakulungidwa mumphete, limakanikizidwa pansi ndikuphimbidwa ndi dothi latsopano mpaka masamba.
Thandizo linanso limakhala kuthilira komanso mwina kuvala pamwamba. Inadzala mbande ndi madzi ofunda (25-30 zaC), kupewa kuthilira kwamadzi nthaka, kapena kuyanika. Ndikwabwino kuchita izi kumapeto kwa tsiku, kuti pakutha kwa tsiku mbewu ndizikhala ndi nthawi yokwanira madzi ambiri, ndipo madzi owonjezerawo - asanduke kapena kutaya mapoto kutuluka.
Ngati dothi linapangidwa moyenera, mbande zimamera popanda feteleza. Koma akatswiri amalangizabe kawiri kuti amuthandize ndi feteleza: koyamba patatha masiku 10 atatuluka, wachiwiri ndi theka pambuyo pake. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuchita izi ngati zikuwoneka kuti mbande zasiya kukula kapena kuyamba kusintha mtundu.
Njira yosavuta kudyetsa mbande ndi mankhwala apadera a ma gourds, opezeka kwambiri pama sitolo. Ngati sichoncho, mutha kutenga feteleza wamafuta aliwonse ndikuwathira mogwirizana ndi malangizo omwe ali phukusi.
Mukakula mu greenh nyumba, mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito infusions wa organic feteleza (mullein kapena ndowa mbalame), koma kuzipaka kuti zizingoyenda bwino. Chifukwa chake, manyowa a ng'ombe amawumirizidwa kwa tsiku limodzi, kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi 1: 10, kenako ndikuwonjezeranso wina maulendo 5, ndipo ndowe za mbalame zimatsitsidwa mwamphamvu kwambiri.
Mbande zomwe zakonzeka kubzala ziyenera kukhala zosachepera 20-22 cm, zokhala ndi masamba awiri akulu obiriwira komanso tsinde lalifupi koma lokwera. Kupitilira mwezi umodzi kuti mbande zisakhale m'miphika siziyenera kuyamba, kufota chifukwa chosowa malo a mizu. Chifukwa chake, m'masiku oyambilira a Juni m'matumba, ndi nthawi yoti akhazikitse mbande m'mundamo.
Mu mbande yabwino, tsinde imakhala kuti singawonongeke: imadutsa masamba
Kuthira mbande m'nthaka
Kuika mbande m'mabedi kwa wolimi wozindikira si vuto. Osangosunga danga: pasakhale ochepera mita pakati pa mabowo, ndipo njira yabwino kwambiri yodzala maungu ndi 2 x 1. Ngati mabowo adakonzedwa pasadakhale komanso molingana ndi malamulo, dzenje laling'ono limadulidwa mufilimuyi patsiku la mbande pakati pakabowo. Kenako amakumba dzenje mu mphika, ndikutsanulira ndowa ya madzi otentha, ndikuilolere kuti inyowe.Kenako dzalani mphika wokhala ndi mbande ndi madzi kachiwiri. Mbande zokula bwino zobzalidwa popanda kuzama, zokulitsidwa ndi kutalika zimabisidwa m'm masamba osimba kwambiri.
Kanemayo sachotsedwa isanayambike nyengo yadzuwa yeniyeni. Ngati kuzizira kwambiri kukuyembekezeka, mabowo amathimbidwa ndi spanbond. Kutsirira kumachitika tsiku lina lililonse kufikira mbande zatsopano zikayambanso kukula.
Vidiyo: kubzala maungu m'mabedi ofunda
Kukula maungu m'malo otseguka m'matawuni
Dzungu dzungu limamera bwino pokhapokha panthaka tochepera mpaka 12-14 zaC, koma mphukira zimafa ku madigiri 1-2 a chisanu. Kutentha kwabwino kwambiri kwa mbewu za maungu ndi 20-25 zaC. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yofesa mbewu mwachindunji m'mundamu iyenera kuwerengedwa, osangoyang'ana nthawi yayitali pakuwona nyengo, komanso nyengo yamakono. Pafupifupi m'chigawo cha Moscow, nthawi yofesa mbewu imayamba pambuyo pa Meyi 15, koma panthawiyi bowo lililonse lokhala ndi mbewu liyenera kuphimbidwa ndi galasi kapena filimu. Komabe, simungachedwe kufesa: pambuyo pa zonse, simuyenera kudikirira mpaka mbewuyo ikacha.
Kufesa mbewu ndikophweka, zitsime za izi zimakonzedwa pasadakhale monga momwe zimapangidwira kuti abzale mbande za maungu.
- M'malo osankhidwa, ngakhale kugwa kapena koyambirira kwa Meyi, amakumba mabowo akuluakulu, ndikuyambitsa feteleza mwa iwo ndikuthirira.
Feteleza ndi nthaka zimasakanikirana mosamala kwambiri
- Mukapanga dzenje laling'ono musanabzalire, 2-3 maungu nthanga amaikidwa mmenemo mwakuya masentimita 5-7.
Mbewu zimayalidwa, kuyesera kuti zitsike pansi ndi mphuno zawo
- Amadzaza njere ndi dothi, mopepuka kuwaphatikiza, amapanga malo otsika padziko lapansi m'mphepete mwa mabowo ndikuwaphimba ndi galasi kapena filimu.
M'mikhalidwe yokhazikika, mu Meyi, mbande zomwe zili mchigawo cha Moscow zimawonekera masiku 6-8. Pakubwera nyengo yofunda yeniyeni, filimuyo ikhoza kuchotsedwa. Koma ngati dzinja litachedwa, ambiri olima dimba amatchera mabowo mmalo mwake, ndipo amasiya filimuyo m'mundamo kuti dothi lisazizire. Pakatha masiku angapo, mphukira zofowoka zimadulidwa: ndibwino kuti musazitulutse kuti zisavulaze mizu ya mbewu zomwe zatsala dzenje.
Chisamaliro cha Pumpkin ku Dera la Moscow
Kusamalira maungu ndi kosavuta ndipo kumakhala kofunikira kuthirira ndi kuvala kwapamwamba. Mumasuleni dothi poyambirira, ndikuphatikizira pamalirowo pochotsa namsongole. Pamene tchire limakula, kumasula kumakhala kosatheka, ndipo namsongole akazimiririka.
M'madera a Chigawo cha Moscow, ndikofunikira kuthirira dzungu mosadukiza: mpweya wachilengedwe ndi wokwanira. Chifukwa chake, mbewu zachikulire zimathiriridwa pokhapokha ngati izi: zimadziwonetsa kusowa chinyezi ndikufota masamba, izi zimachitika nthawi yayitali ikalibe mvula. Kwambiri, dzungu limasowa madzi nthawi yamaluwa ndikukula zipatso kwambiri. Koma nthawi ina iliyonse iyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kutulutsa madzi ndizosavomerezeka: ndizowopsa kuposa kuyimitsa.
Nthawi zambiri madzi m'madzulo, amatenthetsedwa ndi dzuwa ndi madzi masana. Mtengowo ukadzayamba kuchepa zipatso ndikuyamba kusuntha, kuthirira kumatha kutha, ndikuwonjezera madzi pokhapokha chilala chitatha. Zomera zitha kuphonya chinyezi chomwe mizu yawo yamphamvu imapeza yakuzama paokha.
Maungu amawadyetsa kawiri: nthawi yoyamba - magawo a masamba a 5-6 ndi chachiwiri - atangobereka maluwa. Pakuvala kwapamwamba, amakumba ngalande yosaya ndi khasu m'malo omwe mbewu zimaloleza kuti zichitike. Manyowa ndi feteleza aliyense wamamineridwe (kugwiritsa ntchito pafupifupi 15 g pa chomera chilichonse) kapena kulowetsedwa kwazinthu (mwachitsanzo, ndowa ya mullein imathiridwa ndi madzi, nkuikakamiza kwa tsiku, kenako ikungopaka kangapo ndi madzi ndikugawa tchire 5-8). Nthawi ndi nthawi, nthaka yozungulira tchire imakonkhedwa ndi phulusa.
Ndiwosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza opangidwa pokonzekera.
Kuphatikiza pa njira zamtunduwu zomwe wokonza mundayu alili, ndikofunika kuti apange tchire la dzungu kuti unyinji wobiriwira osakula usakule, ndipo michere imagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono komanso kukula kwa zipatso. Pamene tsinde lalikulu limakula mpaka kutalika pafupifupi 1.5 m, kulitsina, kulimbikitsa kukula kwa mphukira zamtsogolo, pomwe maungu ake amangidwa. Mphukira ziwiri zokha ndizotsalira pachitsamba, ndipo pa aliyense amapatsa mwayi kukula chipatso chimodzi (pokhapokha ngati atafotokoza mwanjira ina).
Pamene mphukira zam'mbuyo zimamera kumbuyo, zimakanikizidwa pansi pamtunda wa 50-70 masentimita kuchokera pansi, ndikupangitsa kuti mizu yowonjezera iwonekere. Monga tawonetsera, maungu nthawi zambiri amaloledwa kukula. Mwakutero, zipatsozo zikangofika kukula kwa apulo yayikulu, imamangirizidwa kwa mauthengawo mwanjira iliyonse kuti isagwere. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ma mesh onse akuluakulu a izi. Ngati mbewuzo sizinamangidwe pa zotchingira, ndiye kuti pansi pa zipatso zomwe zimamera zikukhazikika pamatumba kapena plywood kuti zisawonongeke ndi nthaka. Zipatsozo zikafika kukula kokulirapo, masamba onse omwe amaphimba amachotsedwa kuti dzuwa lipite.
Pankhani yaukadaulo woyenera waulimi, mbewu za maungu sizimadwala, koma tizirombo kapena matenda, zokolola zimachepa kwambiri.
Pazolinga zopewera, zosiyanasiyana zamankhwala ndi zothandizira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza maungu, koma nzika wamba zanyengo zimayesa kuchita popanda icho, kudzipatula pakuwonongeka kwakanthawi kwa zinyalala za mbewu komanso polimbana ndi namsongole. Nthawi zambiri njirazi ndizokwanira, koma ngati pali matenda, amayesa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azitsamba kapena wowerengeka omwe alibe vuto lililonse kwa anthu. Pokhapokha zikafika povuta kwambiri, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, kenako olima amayesa kudzipangitsa kukhala otetezeka kwambiri monga Bordeaux fluid.
Kanema: ukadaulo wokukula maungu akuluakulu
Kututa ndi kusunga
Dzungu amaopa chisanu, komabe yesani kukolola mutatha kuwala kwachisanu komwe kumapha masamba okha. Imeneyi ndi njira yoopsa, koma nyengo ya chilimwe, alimi amayesa kupeza nthawi kuti maungu akhale bwino. Kudziwa ngati dzungu lakucha ndikosavuta kuposa kukonza chivwende. Chifukwa chake, maungu akulu-zipatso ndi mtedza wa minyewa, mawonekedwe a zipatsozo ndi chizindikiro cha kucha, ndipo pakukala kolimba - kuyanika tsinde.
Tsoka ilo, momwe zilili kudera la Moscow nthawi zambiri ndikofunikira kuchotsa maungu m'munda pomwe sanakhwime. Palibe vuto lalikulu mu izi, zamkati zimabwera panthawi yosungirako, mosiyana ndi mbewu. Koma mukatola maungu ngati amenewo, sizingachitike kuti ziwononge thupi lawo ndipo nthawi zambiri zimayenera kusamaliridwa mosamala kwambiri. Maungu amawadula ndi ma secateurs, kusiya mapesi pazipatsozo, ndikusanjidwa ndikutumizidwa kuti asungidwe kapena kuti akonzedwe mwachangu.
Maungu akuyenera kuchotsedwa ndi mapesi: popanda iwo, sanganame kwa nthawi yayitali
Ngati ndi kotheka, zipatso zamphesa ndi zosawonongeka zakhwima m'malo otentha kwa masabata awiri, kufikira pomwe patatha kufota. Maungu amasungidwa bwino kwambiri mzipinda ndi kutentha kwa 4-6 zaC wokhala ndi chinyezi chachilengedwe cha 60-70%, pomwe mitundu yambiri ili pomwepo. Mitundu yambiri imagona bwino m'nyumba, koma alumali amakhala ochepa miyezi ingapo: Chaka Chatsopano chitangomera, mbewu zimayamba kumera zamkati, ndipo kuwonongeka kwakanthawi maunguwo kuwola. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikasungidwa pamoto, zipatso zimayuma kwambiri.
Mukasunga maungu ambiri, ma rack apadera amakhala ndi zida zoyika udzu, ndipo pamwamba - maungu mu mzere ndi mapesi mmwamba, kuwonetsetsa kuti zipatso zoyandikana sizigwira. Okonzeka ndi mpweya wabwino. Okhazikika pachilimwe, atakulitsa maungu khumi ndi awiri, makamaka osazengereza, amawanyamula kupita nawo ndikukawayika m'malo ogulitsira kapena pansi pa kama. Ndikofunikira kuti malo osankhidwa akhale amdima, izi zimakulitsa moyo wa alumali wa mbewuyo.
Moona, wolemba mizere iyi, yemwe wakhala akukulira maungu kwa zaka pafupifupi makumi anayi, ndipo mitundu yambiri ya mafuta a nutmeg, amawasunga pamatambula, ndipo kumatenthedwa pamenepo, pansi pa denga. Siziwononga mpaka masika. Chachikulu ndichakuti poyamba anali athanzi. Mwa njira, sindigwiritsa ntchito feteleza wama mineral ...
Sikovuta kukula dzungu m'malo apansi, nyengo ndiyabwino kwambiri kwamitundu yambiri yoyambirira ndi yakucha. Kubzala ndizotheka zonse ndi mbewu ndi mbande zakonzedweratu. Zowona, dzungu limatenga malo ambiri m'mundamo, chifukwa chake eni minda yazing'onozo samabzala mbewu nthawi zonse, amakonda masamba ena. Koma okonda zenizeni nthawi zonse amapeza malo ndi mwayi wokolola bwino.
