Mawayilesi ndi tizirombo tina tating'onoting'ono. Amakhala m'magawo onse a USSR yakale. Amadyetsa makamaka mbatata ya mbatata.
M'madera akumwera a mpesa. Kuchotsa ma wireworms sikophweka, koma ndizotheka.
Kodi chingwe cha ma waya chimawoneka bwanji ndi chowopsa bwanji
Mphutsi za kachilombo ka necracker amatchedwa wayaworms kapena waya. Amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi ena onse ndi chophimba cholimba.
Kunja, mawaya amakhala ndi dzina lake - limawoneka ngati waya. Izi ndi nyongolotsi zoonda zopindika zautali wa 1 mpaka 5 cm, zokhala ndi timiyendo titatu tatifupi. Mtundu wake umayamba wachikasu mpaka bulauni.
Makalawa amakhala pansi zaka ziwiri kapena zisanu. Pakumapeto kwa chilimwe, amasilira. Zikumbu zimaswa mbulu m'munda, ndipo nthawi yophukira zimatuluka kuti ziziikira mazira atsopano, pomwe mphuthu zimatuluka.
Amadutsa ndima achinyamata tubers. Zotsatira zake, kukula kumachepera, zokolola zimachepa. Malo owonongeka amachititsa malo abwino kwambiri kuti chitukuko cha matenda a fungus ndi zowola. Mbatata zotere sizisungidwa bwino.
Ma tubers owonongeka kwambiri ndi osayenera chakudya. Zokolola zikufa.
Momwe mungadziwire waya wam'madzi m'deralo
Mphutsi za utoto wonyezimira zowoneka bwino zimawonekera bwino pamalo amdima ndikulima kapena kukumba malowa. Monga lamulo, amakhala pamtunda wozama masentimita 15-30, ndipo mu dothi louma amapita kuya kwa mita. Chifukwa chake, sizipezeka nthawi zonse pamtunda wapansi panthaka.
Ngati kuwunika kwa pamtunda sikunawonetse chilichonse chokayikitsa, kupezeka kwa tizirombo kuululika pokhapokha mukakolola. Mabowo ang'onoang'ono akuwoneka pa tubers, ngati kuti adalumikizidwa ndi waya, kapena malembedwe akuda akuwoneka podula kapena kusenda mbatata, ichi ndi chitsimikizo kuti waya wamtunduwo wakhazikika m'nthaka.
Chizindikiro chochititsa mantha chingakhalenso chopanda chifukwa, chotupa pakumera kwa tchire la mbatata.
Kuteteza kwa Wireworm
Kuchotsa wireworm sikophweka konse.
Chifukwa chake, ndikosavuta komanso kothandiza kwambiri kuchita zinthu mwachangu. Zochita zodzitetezera zimaphatikizapo:
- Kutsatira malamulo oyendetsera mbewu.
- Kubzala mosiyanasiyana kapena munthawi yomweyo kubzala manyowa obiriwira.
- Mphutsi zimafa nthaka ikauma. Chifukwa chake, pakugwa, kulima kwakuzama kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.
- Chingwecho chimakonda chilengedwe. Pofuna kuti zisakhale zotheka, zowonjezera zina zokhala ndi laimu ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa dothi pafupipafupi (zaka zitatu zilizonse).
- Kutseguka kwapafupipafupi kotentha kumatha kudzutsa mazira a tizirombo pansi. Mazira a kachilomboka amwalira ndi dzuwa.
Malamulo osavuta aukhondo pokonzera chiwembu chaumwini ayenera kutsatiridwa. Ingani udzu pafupipafupi, osachulukitsa mbewu, kukolola mbewu nthawi, kuwotcha kapena kutulutsa timitengo ndi zinyalala.
Musanabweretse malo atsopanowa, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti alibe kachilomboka, ndikuyeretsa zabwino ndi zowawa.
Njira zowongolera ndi ma waya
Pali njira zingapo zochitira ndi ma waya:
- agrotechnical;
- mankhwala;
- kwachilengedwe;
- anthu
Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo komanso zovomerezeka.
Ziphuphu ndi misampha yolimbana ndi ma waya
Kusunga ma waya onse pamanja ndikosatheka, koma kuchepetsa chiwerengero chawo ndizowona.
Misampha yosiyanasiyana ya mphutsi zoyipa ndiyovuta koma yopanda vuto lililonse. Nayi maphikidwe otchuka.
- Pa nthambi, yayitali skewer kapena waya wolimba, dzala mbande za mbatata. Kukumba m'malo angapo m'munda momwe chingwe cha waya chimakhalamo. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhudzidwa ndi kununkhira kwa mbatata yatsopano timatota pa nyambo. Pakatha masiku angapo, misampha imachotsedwa, ma waya amawonongedwa.
- Mutha kuyika mbatata zosankhidwa mumitsuko yamagalasi kapena mumapulasitiki. Komanso uzibiseni pansi mpaka m'khosi. Nthawi ndi nthawi, zomwe zimakhala ndi mphutsi zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa zimachotsedwa, ndikusintha ndikuyamba kwatsopano.
- Kuti mupetse chidwi cha waya zingakhale keke yopanda chofufumitsa kapena kutumphuka kwa mkate wonyezimira. Ayenera kuyikidwa m'masokosi akale, matumba a bafuta ndikuyika m'malo osiyanasiyana pamipatulo ndi mbatata. Misampha yotere imasinthidwa monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa.
- Tchire la masamba wamba limatha kukhala msampha wa waya. Zimakopa tizirombo. Saladiyo imachotsedwa ndi mphutsi ndikuwonongeka.
Kukonzekera kwachilengedwe ndi mankhwala motsutsana ndi waya
Njira zamankhwala pakuwongolera mawayilesi zimagawidwa feteleza ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Panthawi yolima ya nyundo, feteleza wa nayitrogeni ndi laimu amayamba. Ammonium nitrate samangophatikiza mundawo, komanso kumenyana ndi mphutsi za waya. Achiritsa dothi potaziyamu mankhwala enaake. Mlingowo umawerengeredwa mogwirizana ndi malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa.
Pali lingaliro losakanizika pa mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Kugwiritsa ntchito polimbana ndi ma waya a mbatata, kuti mukwaniritse zotsatira zofunika, zinthu zingapo zofunika ziyenera kukumbukiridwa:
- Zotsatira zake zimawonekera pambuyo pokhapokha ngati mwangogwiritsa ntchito kamodzi, koma zotsatira zake zimakhala zokhazikika patadutsa zaka zingapo zakukonzekera njira.
- Kubzala zinthu ndi mabowo ziyenera kutetezedwa. Njira zamadzimadzi ndizoyenererana bwino ndi mbewu; granular kapena powdery zimakhala zosavuta munthaka.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala mobwerezabwereza kumawonjezera. Chifukwa chake, ndikwabwino kusinthira mitundu yachilengedwe.
Njira zodziwika bwino ndi Provotox, Decis, Zemlin, Kapkan, Karate ndi ena.
Pali mankhwala aposachedwa otchedwa Nemabakt, omwe ndi chizindikiro cha matenda a nematode ndi mabakiteriya. Kuphatikiza uku, kumapha tizirombo tambiri, kuphatikizapo ma waya. Nemabact ndiyabwino kuti kuwononga kamodzi kumakhala kokwanira kwa zaka zingapo. Palibe vuto kwa anthu, nyama, njuchi, nyongolotsi, ndi zina.
Zithandizo za anthu zimayenderana ndi waya
Pa wowerengeka azitsamba, kuchotsa waya pamtunda wa mbatata, kuphatikiza phulusa lamatabwa, potaziyamu lamanganidwe potaziyamu, mazira. Zimayikidwa mumabowo kapena mizere mukabzala.
Tizilombo timakhala momasuka m'malo otayirira. Izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito motsutsana nawo.
Ndikokwanira kufalitsa mulu waung'ono wa manyowa, masamba okucha, udzu kapena masamba m'munda, ndikuwachotsa pamodzi ndi mphutsi zokhazikika.
Otsutsa a chemistry omwe ali mwaukatswiri adaphunzira kusintha ndalama zomwe adagula ndikuziyikira okha. Nettle, udzu wa celandine, coltsfoot, dandelions, amadyera omwe adatsalira atatha kudina ndi kudulira tomato amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zachilengedwe.
Chidebe cha lita khumi chimadzaza ndi unyinji wobiriwira, osaphwanya, mpaka pamwamba, kuthiridwa ndi madzi ndikuumiriza kwa sabata pamalo otentha. Kulowetsedwa kumasefedwa, kulowetsedwa ndi madzi oyera mu gawo la 1:10 ndikuthirira mabedi a mbatata ndi mizere.
Zigoba zoponderezedwa ndi mazira, anyezi, ndi ufa wa mpiru zimaphatikizidwanso. Izi komanso obwezera, ndi feteleza wachilengedwe wachilengedwe.
Chotsani mwachangu zingwe za waya zingathandize mchere wamtundu wamba. Ndikokwanira kungomwaza padziko. Koma muyezo uwu siotetezedwa mwachilengedwe, motero uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lomaliza osati mopitilira kamodzi pachaka chilichonse.
Mr. majira otentha amalimbikitsa: kasinthasintha wa mbewu kuti athandizire pa waya
Malamulo oyambira az kasinthidwe ka mbewu atithandiza kuchotsa ma waya mu dimba.
Siderates makamaka m'miyendo. Mbewu zingapo za nandolo, nyemba kapena nyemba pa mzere wa mbatata zimatha kukonza nthaka ndikuwonjezera zokolola. Pa chifukwa chomwechi, chimanga ndi mpendadzuwa obzalidwa m'minda.
Lupine, omwe wamaluwa amalima pamaluwa okongoletsera maluwa kapena amawoneka ngati udzu, nawonso amawatetezera tizirombo tokhala m'nthaka.
Olemba otchuka m'minda ndi m'minda ndi marigolds ndi calendula. Maluwa osazindikira awa sayenera kunyalanyazidwa popewa.
Mbewu ikakolola, ndibwino kubzala malowo ndi mpiru. Mphukira ya mpiru ikakula, imabzalidwe m'nthaka nthawi yophukira ikulima.
Ndikwabwino kusanthula mbewu za tirigu ndi nyemba zanu musanabzine tizirombo tating'ono. Kudya iwo, chingwecho chimafa.
Kupambana pa waya wamtunduwu kumafunika kukonzanso. Izi zikutanthauza kuti njira zodzitetezera ziyenera kutsatiridwa pafupipafupi. Pakati pawo, ukhondo umabwera koyamba, ndikutsatiridwa ndi kasinthidwe kazomera ndi mbewu zothandizira. Ndiye sikofunikira kutenganso mlendo woipa.
