Coleus ndi shrub wa banja Iasnatkovye (Labretaceous), dzina lodziwika ndi "croton la osauka." Izi mbewu pang'ono ngati masamba, koma croton ndi wokwera mtengo komanso wowonda. Mitundu yake yachilengedwe imafanana ndi lunguzi, motero dzina lina - "lunguzi". Coleus amapezeka m'malo otentha a Asia ndi Africa. Duwa lake lili ndi mphamvu zambiri, ndilabwino kwambiri komanso lokongola chifukwa masamba owala osiyanasiyana.
Zoweta zidabzala mitundu yambiri ndi zokongoletsera za utoto wa masamba. Chifukwa cha iwo, chomera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe, phatikizani ndi mitundu yosavuta. Coleus amakongoletsa osati mabedi a maluwa okhaokha, amawoneka okongola mu mphika wamaluwa, makamaka mitundu yambiri pamitundu yaying'ono, kapu. Kunyumba imamera ngati yosatha; madera omwe amakhala ndi nyengo yotentha, duwa limamera mumsewu ngati pachaka.
Kukula ndi Kusamalira Kufunika
Mphukira pa coleus ndi tetrahedral, yowongoka, yolimba, pansi, patatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, imakhala yamatanda. Masamba ndi owoneka ngati mtima, ozungulira, wowuma ndi fluff, wolowera m'mphepete, moyang'anizana, wopezeka mitundu ina mpaka 15 cm. Amakhala ofiira, beige ,ofiirira, emarodi, achikasu, vinyo, zobiriwira.
Maluwa a spiky ndi abuluu, koma ang'ono komanso osawoneka bwino, koma amatulutsa fungo labwino. Kutalika kumayambira 20 mpaka 60 masentimita, ngakhale wolima wopanda nzeru angakulitse, amawoneka wokongola pamalowo komanso m'chipinda kumwera, kumadzulo, windowsill. M'chilimwe, chofunda chimatengedwa pamsewu, khonde, loggia.
Zofunikira pakukula:
Choyimira | Mkhalidwe |
| Tikufika | Mbewu zofesedwa mu Marichi. Mbande mu Meyi-June pamalo otseguka. |
| Kuwala | Yabwino mpaka masana, kenako pang'ono pang'ono. Mchipinda, maluwa ojambulira nthawi zina amasinthidwa kuti akufanane. |
| Kutentha | M'chilimwe + 18 ... +25 ° С, nthawi yozizira + 10 ... + 12 ° С. |
| Dothi | Osati ndale, umuna. Kuti mupeze maluwa am'kati: tsamba, ma turf, lapansi, humus, peat, mchenga, (4: 4: 2: 1: 1). |
| Kuthirira | Kuchuluka kwake momwe kumawira. Gwiritsani ntchito madzi ofewa, osakhazikika. |
| Chinyezi | Zomera zimakonda chinyezi chachikulu cha 40-60%, masamba ndi mpweya zimapopera kapena thirakitala lopanda dothi lonyowa limayikidwa pafupi ndi ilo. |
| Mavalidwe apamwamba | M'nyengo yotentha, kamodzi pa sabata, nthawi yozizira imakhala yambiri, kamodzi pamwezi. Feteleza zachilengedwe ndi mchere zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito. |
| Thirani | Kamodzi aliyense zaka 3-4 mu April, atadulira mphukira. |
| Maluwa | Masamba amapangira kumtunda kwa mphukira ndikuwoneka ngati panicles ofiira kapena mtundu wa lilac. Pambuyo maluwa, muvi umadulidwa. |
| Kudulira ndi kudina | Tsinani msika wonse wokula, kudulidwa kumayambiriro kwa kukula kwamphamvu, kasupe. Siyani masamba atatu pa mphukira. |
Coleus kubzala poyera
Pogula mbande zopangidwa kale, amalabadira mtundu wa masamba, kutanuka kwa tsinde kapena kutenga mbewu ndikakulitsa mbande zokha. Mwezi wofesa amasankhidwa malinga ndi dera - Marichi, Epulo kapena Meyi. 
Coleus Black Chinjoka
Tsopano nthangala za Chingerezi ndi Chidatchi ndizodziwika, mitundu yokhala ndi masamba osiyanasiyana. Anasonkhana pawokha sapereka zokongoletsera zonse. Thirani m'mbale muli: masamba, dothi louma, peat, mchenga (1: 1: 1: 1) kapena gulani m'maluwa. Mbewuyo siiyikidwa m'manda, mchenga wowonda umayikidwa pamwamba, wokulidwa. Phimbani, ikani kutentha + 20 ... +24 ° C.
Mbewu zimamera pakatha masiku 14. Kuunikira makamaka kusakanikirana. Sankhani yoyamba imafunika pambuyo pa masabata anayi, pomwe ma sheet awiri amawoneka. Lachiwiri - pambuyo masabata asanu mu osiyana makomo pafupifupi 400 ml. Kenako mbande zimabzalidwa pamalo osatha mumphika kapena pabedi lamaluwa pomwe funde la chisanu likudutsa.
Amasankha dera ladzuwa, lotetezedwa ndi mphepo, kuti masana limasungunuka pang'ono ndipo masamba ake asatenthe osagwa.
Potseguka, coleus amakonda kuwala, madzi okwanira ndi nayitrogeni, michere. Pa gawo lolemera, duwa limavutika ndi mizu, muyenera kuwonjezera mchenga, peat. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewu yokhala ndi masamba ofiira ndi opepuka imakonda kuwala kowala, koma ndi zobiriwira - ayi. Chifukwa chake, amaikidwa pomwe mthunzi womwe udasokonekera.
Ma peat angapo kapena kompositi amawonjezedwa m'maenje okumbawo. Kubzala kumaloledwa m'dothi lotentha ndikusinthika. Nthawi zimatengera nyengo: Meyi, koyambirira kwa Juni, pomwe kutentha + 10 ... +15 ° С. Mbande zimayikidwa m'maenje limodzi ndi mtanda wa dziko lapansi ndi kuthiriridwa madzi ambiri. Mtunda pakati pa mbande umatha kupirira 25-30 cm.
Popewa matenda oyamba ndi fungal, tikulimbikitsidwa kuthira zitsime ndi yankho la fungicides (Fitosporin-M, Trichodermin).
Coleus amasamalira m'munda
Chisamaliro cha Coleus chimakhala ndi kuthirira yambiri (makamaka kutentha ndi chilala) ndi mapaipi, kokhazikika kapena madzi amvula madzulo kapena m'mawa. Nthaka sikuyenera kupukuta. Mukathirira, onetsetsani kuti chinyezi sichimera mphukira ndi masamba. Nthawi ndi nthawi amasula dziko lapansi komanso udzu.
Patatha milungu iwiri, feteleza amamuikira maluwa, ndikuchepetsa mulingo womwe ukuperekedwa. Mchigawo chogwira, aliyense masiku asanu ndi awiri amadyetsedwa ndi nitrophos, kenako ndi yankho la phulusa. Kenako amagwiritsa ntchito mavalidwe apamwamba a mineral and organic top. Izi zimapereka masamba okongoletsera, ndikuchepetsa maluwa.
Ma inflorescence omwe amapangidwapo amachotsedwa kuti chitsamba chisawononge michere pakukula kwawo. Tsinani pamene maluwawo afika 10-12 cm ndikuchepetsa katatu pamsika. Kutalika kwa 4-5 masentimita, masamba amachotsedwa pamwambapa ndikuwombera mbali, ndiye maluwa amatenga mawonekedwe a mpira. Tchuthi zazitali kwambiri komanso zolemera zimalimbikitsidwa ndikuthandizira.
Coleus (wamkati komanso wakunja) salekerera kugwa kwamphamvu, nthawi yotentha nthawi yake imachepa.
Kufalitsa kwa Coleus ndi odulidwa
Pofalitsa ndi odulidwa, mphukira zathanzi zimadulidwa mpaka 10-15 masentimita popanda inflorescence ndi masamba. Masamba amunsi amachotsedwa. Amayikidwa m'madzi oyera (makamaka mugalasi lamdima), omwe amasinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Kupanga kwamizu nthawi zina kumalimbikitsidwa ndi Heteroauxin, Kornevin. Sungani chidebe ndi malo odula osayatsidwa ndi dzuwa mwachindunji pa +18 ... +20 ° С. Mizu yake ikabisika, iwo amabzala munthaka.
Mu mawonekedwe achiwiri, zodulidwa ndizakuya mu vermiculite yonyowa. Nthawi zina amaziyika m'thumba, kuphimba ndi botolo la pulasitiki. Pakatha sabata ndi theka, mizu ya 1-2 masentimita imakhazikitsidwa, mphukira zimabzalidwa m'magalasi ang'onoang'ono. Nthawi zina yokutidwa ndi kanema. Coleus amakula ndikuyiyika pamalo otseguka kapena mumphika wopanda madzi. Woyamba feteleza umatha pambuyo pa masabata awiri.
Matenda a Coleus ndi tizirombo
Mu maluwa achichepere okhala ndi kuchepa kwa kuwala komanso osapindika, mphukira zam'munsi zimawululidwa. Masamba amataya mtundu wowoneka bwino. Ingogwa ngati kuli chinyezi pang'ono. Chifukwa chosowa kuwala, tchirepo limatulutsidwa.
Mwa tizirombo, chomeracho chimalimbana ndi akangaude. Madontho achikasu amawoneka pamasamba, omwe amaphatikizika pamalo akuluakulu. Kufufuza ndi yankho la adyo kapena Apollo, kukonzekera kwa Acarin kumathandiza.
Ma nsabwe - tizilombo zobiriwira timamwa madzi a masamba, amatembenuka chikasu, kununkha, kenako madontho akuda amawoneka. Pankhondo gwiritsani ntchito infusions wa adyo, anyezi, mankhwala: Akarin, Fitoverm.
Gulugufe ngati waukira, mutha kuwona tizilombo touluka tikakhudzidwa. Zomera zimakhala ndi zokutira zomata. Pa gawo loyamba, amathiridwa ndi sopo yochapa ndi madzi, kulowetsedwa kwa zipatso za malalanje, m'malo otchuka, Aktara, Tanrek, Aktellik.
Mealybug - tizilombo toyambitsa matenda akaoneka, zipatsozo zimavala zoyera. Imathandizira tincture wa fodya, yankho la mowa wa calendula kapena Confidor, Mospilan.
Mr. Chilimwe Wodziwikiratu akudziwitsa: Coleus nthawi yozizira
Mitundu yosatha yamabedi amaluwa imayilidwa mumphika. Amayikidwa pafupi ndi kumwera kapena kumwera chakumadzulo kapena pa khonde, loggia. Zomera zakale zimakumbidwa, kudula ndikudula. Muli coleus ngati dimba lakunyumba, amadyetsa kamodzi pamwezi. Mukugwa, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa.
Kutentha m'nyengo yozizira kumakhala kokwanira + 8 ... +15 ° С. Ngati kuli mitambo kwambiri, dzazani ndi phytolamp. Mu Marichi, pangani kudulira kotsutsa-kukalamba - kufupikitsa mphukira, chotsani masamba akale. Kumayambiriro kwa kutentha ndi kutentha kwa mpweya + 10 ° C kachiwiri wobzalidwa pamalowo.
