Kabichi ndi ndiwo zamasamba zomwe zimadziwika kwambiri pakati pa akatswiri olima dimba. Izi ndichifukwa chokoma komanso zinthu zabwino zomwe zimapangidwa. Ndikofunikira kuzindikira kusinthasintha kwa chikhalidwe.
Chinsinsi cha kukolola bwino ndi mbande zolimba ndi za thanzi. M'masitolo apadera pamabweretsa mwayi wambiri. Mtundu uliwonse umakhala ndi zake. Kuyambira kabichi mumatha kuphika mbale zambiri zosiyanasiyana. Mtengowu wapezekanso ngati mankhwala a wowerengeka. Anthu okhala ndi nthawi yadzuwa nthawi zambiri amazigwiritsa ntchito kuti athetse tizilombo.
Njira zosanja kabichi
Kabichi imawerengedwa kuti ndi gawo la banja la a Cruciferous. Mbewu pakuwoneka ndiofanana ndi mbewu za radish. Chifukwa cha Photophilousness ndi kutentha kwambiri kukana chisanu, ndizovuta kwambiri kukula mbewu iyi kunyumba.
Njira yodzala
Mukamasankha njira yotsalira, amatsogozedwa ndiukadaulo wotsimikizika womwe ukukula. Ndi chimodzimodzi kwa mitundu yonse. Kubala nthawi zambiri kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa kasupe. Kuti mudziwe tsiku lenileni, gwiritsani ntchito kukhwima komaliza ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Kunyalanyaza izi ndikuwonjeza pang'ono.
Mbewu zimafunikira kupanga malo obzala. Asanayambe njirayi, mbewuyi imakomedwa ndikuwonekeratu. Mphukira nthawi zambiri amawonekera patatha masiku 5-6 mutabzala. Makulidwe otenthetsa dzuwa sapitirira +18 ° C. Gawo lomaliza ndikovuta pamafilimu. Imachotsedwa pambuyo pa pepala loona loyamba.
Kuti muchepetse kutalika kwambiri kwa mbande, kutentha kwa mpweya kuyenera kuchepetsedwa kukhala +8 ° C. Zochita zofunikira zimaphatikizanso kupuma mokwanira kuchipinda komanso kuthirira mwadongosolo. Pomaliza, njira yapinki yapepuka ya potaziyamu permanganate imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Pambuyo pa masabata awiri, zikumera zimasinthidwa kukhala mapoto a peat. Zitha kusinthidwa ndi nkhungu za pulasitiki.
Kubzala panthaka kumachitika pokhoma pomwe mbewuyo ifika pamtunda wina. Kumayambiriro, yakucha yakucha komanso mochedwa kabichi, ndi osiyana kwambiri.
Njira zosasangalatsa
Njira iyi, mosiyana ndi zomwe ambiri amakhulupirira, sizovuta. Poterepa, mbewu zobzalidwa pamabedi omwe adakonzedweratu. Kabichi wobzalidwa mwanjira imeneyi amadziwika ndi kulimba kwa nyengo yachisanu komanso kulolera chilala. Malamulo onse akatsatidwa, chiopsezo cha matenda oyamba ndi fungal ndi ochepa. Ubwino wowonjezerapo umaphatikizapo kukula mwachangu (chifukwa chosowa chosowa), kuyatsa kwathunthu, kuthamanga kwachangu.
Zina mwazinthu zomwe zimakhudza zokolola, momwe nthaka yoyambirira idakhalira, magwiridwe ake a kukonzekera, ndi nyengo zimasiyanitsidwa.
Munjira yopanda mmera, kabichi kamapeto ndi koyambira kwambiri nthawi zambiri kamakula.
Madeti ofesa kabichi kwa 2019
Kuti mukonzekere bwino, muyenera kusankha nthawi yoyenera kubzala. Nthawi yomweyo, amatsogozedwa ndi zinthu monga:
- kukula njira;
- nthawi yayitali;
- mawonekedwe osinthika;
- malo okwerera.
Ngati wolima adaganiza kuti abzale kabichi panthaka yotsekedwa, matendawa amatha kusintha masabata angapo. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kutentha kwanyengo kwa dothi pomanga nyumba.
Ambiri amatsogozedwa ndi kalendala yoyambira mwezi. Mukamayiphatikiza mumaganizira zambiri. Zotsatira zakukusanthula kwakukuru uku ndi ndandanda pomwe masiku ochepa chabe amabalidwa kabichi.
Kalendala yoyambira mwezi imakhala ndi masiku 29 kapena 30. Nthawiyi idagawika m'magawo omwe akukula ndikuchepetsa. Masiku omwe mwezi wathunthu ndi mwezi watsopano ukugwera ndizofunika kwambiri. Kubzala, kochitika munthawi yabwino, kumathandizira kukulitsa mbewu. Kufesa ndikofunikira mu theka loyamba la mwezi.
Mwezi watsopano, nthaka ikapuma, ndipo mwezi wathunthu, kukolola kumayamba.
Nthawi yabwino kubzala ndikubzala kabichi pa mwezi womwe ukukula.
Mu 2019, masamba awa amathanso kubzala pambewu mu Marichi (10-13, 15-18), mu Epulo (8-12, 15-17). Kubzala mbande kapena mbewu pamalo otseguka mu Meyi (7-17) mu Juni (5, 6, 9-15). Zotsirizazo zimakhudza kabichi ya Beijing.
Masiku ovuta: Marichi (5-7.20-22), Epulo (4-6, 18-20), Meyi (4-6, 18-20), Juni (2-4, 16-18).
Mukamasankha mitundu, ndikofunikira kuganizira zolinga zomwe zitsatidwe mukadzala. Mwachitsanzo, kabichi woyambirira amawadyedwa mwatsopano. Mitundu yakucha pakati imagwiritsidwa ntchito poziziritsa kwakanthawi, pambuyo pake - posungira kwakanthawi komanso kupanga mapepala.
Zaka za mbande zimatsimikizika malinga ndi momwe zilili. Nyengo yokukula ndi nthawi yomwe ikufunika kuti ukwaniritse kukhwima mwaukadaulo. Zimawonetsedwa phukusi lomwe lili ndi njere.
Ambiri amalangizidwa kubzala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kabichi nthawi imodzi. Izi zimatheka ngati nyengo ilola.
Komanso, munthu sayenera kuyiwala za mitundu ndi mitundu ya zinthu.
White kabichi imadziwika kuti ndiyo mbewu yoletsa kuzizira kwambiri. Zomwezi zitha kunenedwa za broccoli, kohlrabi, Savoy, mutu wofiira ndi Brussels.
Kabichi wa Beijing amabzalidwa mochedwa kuposa mitundu ina. Izi ndichifukwa cha matenthedwe ake komanso nyengo yokulira pang'ono.
Zofunikira zakukula kuti mbande zikuluze
Kusakaniza kwa dothi kwa mbande kugulidwa m'masitolo apadera kapena kupangika mwaokha. Zomwe zimapangidwira zimakhala: nthaka ya turf, humus ofanana magawo ndi phulusa (1 tbsp.spoon pa 1 makilogalamu a nthaka.
Potsirizira pake, ayenera kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tisanayambe kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Zolemba za mbande zokulira kunyumba
Mukamasankha njira yodzala, njere zimabzalidwa m'bokosi kapena mumapulasitiki osiyana. Mukamazindikira nthawi yanthawi yake, muyenera kuganizira zotsatirazi:
- mbande zimawoneka masiku 8-12 mutabzala;
- kupanga mbande zachikulire, zimatenga masiku ena 50.
Kutengera izi, mbewu ibzalidwe mu dothi lokonzedweratu miyezi iwiri mbande isanayambe kufunda.
Kuti mukhale mbande zolimba, ndikofunikira kusunga kutentha kwina. Zikamera zikamera, siziyenera kupitirira +9 ° C usiku ndi +17 ° C masana, apo ayi mbewuyo imatambalala.
Sankhani imachitika pambuyo pa kuonekera kwa masamba awiri oyamba. Njirayi ithandizanso kulimbikitsa mizu, kupereka kuunikira komanso zakudya zokwanira. Mphukira zomwe zili m'bokosi siziyenera kuyandikana kwambiri.
Mbande sizoletsedwa kuthira madzi ozizira. Izi zimatha kubweretsa mawonekedwe a mwendo wakuda.
Kukula mbande mu greenh nyumba ndi greenh m'nyumba
Mbewu zisanabzalidwe zimayenera kusamalidwa ndikukonzedwa. Izi ndizofunikira kuti tipewe zovuta za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso tizirombo. Kukonzekera koyenera ndiye njira yofunikira kwambiri yodzitetemera. Kuteteza matenda kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya potaziyamu permanganate.
Chiwembuchi chimapangidwa, chikuyang'ana pa mapulani oyenerana a ntchito zaulimi. Ngati wokonza dimba atakana kukoka, masentimita 5 ayenera kusiyidwa pakati pa njereyo. Ngati chinthuchi chilipo, mtunda woyenera ndi 3 cm.
Ngati kutentha kwake kumakwaniritsidwa, mbande zimawonekera patatha masiku 4 mutabzala. Ayenera kupukutidwa ndi phulusa la nkhuni. Masana mu wowonjezera kutentha ayenera kukhala kuchokera +15 mpaka +17 ° C, usiku - osapitirira +9 ° C.
Zambiri zodzala kabichi zamitundu mitundu
White kabichi ikhoza kumera mu mbande ndi mbande. ndipo mbande zimamera m'malo otetezeka. Mitundu yotsala kabichi ili ndi mawonekedwe awo pakubzala.
- Kabichi yaku China ndi Beijing iyenera kubzalidwa nthawi yomweyo pansi. Mukakulitsa mbande, pakufunika kusamutsa zotumphukira kuchokera m'bokosi wamba kupita pamapoto a peat ndikuyika dothi lotseguka. Zochitika izi zimakhudza kupangidwe kwamasamba.
- Kholifulawa amafunika nthaka yachonde. Chomera chimadziwika ndi kutentha, kuunika komanso chinyezi mwachikondi. Ngati kutentha kwa mpweya kukwera pamwamba pa +25 ° C, kudula kwa nthaka kungachitike. Zotsatira zake ndi kutuluka kwamkati mu chitsa ndi mapangidwe otulutsa mitu yaing'ono.
- Broccoli ndi utoto wowala. Mtengowu ukhoza kukhala wofiirira, wobiriwira kapena wachikasu. Mawonekedwe ake ndi kupanda ulemu. Mavuto ndi kubzala kwa mbewuyi nthawi zambiri samatuluka.
- Kale samatulutsa mitu yayikulu yowoneka ngati kabichi. Mawonekedwe ake ophatikizika ndi monga kupezeka kwa mitundu yama-curly-leaved and flat-sheet-sheet, kwambiri chisanu. Mitundu iyi ndi yoyenera kukula m'malo otetezeka. Dothi limatha kudziwika ndi acidity yochepa. Mbande zimayikidwa panthaka zaka zake zikafika masiku 50.
- Nthambi za Brussels zimakhala ndi phesi lalitali pomwe mitu yaying'ono ya kabichi imawonekera patapita nthawi. Dongosolo lawo silidutsa masentimita 7. Nthawi yamasamba ndikuyambira masiku 135 mpaka 160.
- Kohlrabi ndi cholengedwa chodziwika bwino ndi kukoma komanso kufatsa.
Kukonzekera kukhazikika pamalo otseguka
Gawo loyamba ndikusankha malo oyenera. Iyenera kuyatsidwa bwino. Mndandanda wa zofunikira zofunika umaphatikizanso chinyezi ndi kuwala. Ngati kabichi wabzalidwa pamthunzi, simuyenera kudikirira kuti mukolole.
M'masiku otentha kwambiri, mbewuyo imalimbikitsidwa kuti ichotse pang'ono. Kupanda kutero, masamba osalala amatha kuvutika. Chifukwa cha kuwongolera dzuwa, kutentha kumachitika pa iwo.
Chikhalidwe chiyenera kubzalidwa panthaka yobzalidwa. Mndandanda wa zosankha zabwino kwambiri umaphatikizapo ma chonde a m'mapiri, matanda, malo osefukira ndi malo amchenga.
Kuti mukwaniritse bwino, muyenera kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa acidity (pH). Kwa dothi la sod-podzolic, chizindikirochi chikuyenera kukhala 6.5 mpaka 7.0, chifukwa cha dothi la peat-bog - kuyambira 5.0 mpaka 5.5.
Kubzala kabichi panthaka yac acid ndizoletsedwa.
Kuti kukhazikika kwa acidity, ufa wa dolomite kapena phulusa la nkhuni limayambitsidwa pansi. Amakhala ndi magnesium ndi calcium. Olima minda odziwa zambiri amawonjezera fumbi la fodya pazinthuzi. Mwanjira imeneyi, kuoneka ngati nthata yopachika pamtanda kumalepheretseka.
Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti mbewu zomwe zidabzalidwa pamalo osankhidwa kale. Ndi zofunika kuti anali clover, mbatata, anyezi. Mndandandawo umakwaniritsidwa ndi nkhaka, chakudya cha beetroot chaka chilichonse.
Kabichi imakoka michere yambiri m'nthaka, kotero kutiibzale pamalo amodzi osavomerezeka. Dziko pambuyo pachikhalidwe ichi lifunika kukonzanso phytosanitary.
Kuti nthaka ikhale yachonde, umathira feteleza wa potashi ndi nayitrogeni. Ntchito zambiri zaulimi zimachitika nthawi ya masika ndi yophukira. Kuphatikiza pa maofesi amamineral, zinthu zachilengedwe zimangowonjezereka m'nthaka. Maminolo, kompositi, manyowa ndi humus amaziyala pansi.
Malowa omwe adasankhidwa kuti abzala adakonzedwa mu kugwa.
Mabedi amafunika kuti azikhalako kuyambira kummawa mpaka kumadzulo.
Kukumba kumakulitsa kupenyerera kwa mpweya ndi kuthekera. Ubwino wowonjezerapo wa yophukira ndikuwonongeka kwa tizirombo. Feteleza imalowetsedwa m'nthaka m'miyezi yoyamba ya masika. Zomwe zimapangidwazo zikuphatikiza zinthu monga organic (zowola manyowa, kompositi) ndi mchere (potaziyamu, phosphorous). Kusakaniza kwa kudyetsa kumatha kugulidwa ku malo apadera.
Kubzala kabichi poyera
Mtundu uliwonse umakhala ndi kalendala yake yakukula ndi zosowa. Pomwepo panthaka lotseguka, mitundu yosagwira kwambiri chisanu nthawi zambiri imabzalidwe. Mulinso kabichi yoyera ndi kabichi ya Savoy. Amakhala ndi mizu kumapeto kwa masika. Mbande zibzalidwe ndi kukhalapo kwa masamba kuchokera pa 5-15 pa mbande. Nthawi yokhazikitsa kubzala imakhazikitsidwa pamayendedwe a nyengo. Kutentha kwa mpweya pomwe kabichi adabzalidwa pansi sayenera kukhala osachepera +18 ° C.
Mtunda pakati pa mbewu ndi 25 cm, pakati pa mizere 40-50 masentimita. Kuti kabichi mochedwa, mtunda uyenera kukulitsidwa ndi masentimita 10. Mutabzala, amathiriridwa bwino komanso madzi.
Chikhalidwechi chimakonda anansi. Pakati pa kupanga mitu mumatha kubzala anyezi, sipinachi ndi saladi zosiyanasiyana. Zomerazi zimakhala ndi mizu yoyenda pamwamba.
