Loto la a Violet Zolushkin ndi ntchito yosankhidwa ya A. Deikun, yomwe imakonda pakati pa mitundu ina. Ili ndi mawonekedwe apadera a ma petals, imayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kusazindikira kwake komanso maluwa ake.
Kufotokozera kwa maloto a violets Zolushkin
Mitunduyi idayamba kukondana ndi makina amkati mwakachetechete chifukwa chosasamalidwa bwino. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira obiriwira, omwe amatisonkhanitsidwa mu malo ang'ono, ali ndi kukula kwakukulu komanso mawonekedwe ofiira kumbuyo. Maluwa oyera amakhala achilengedwe m'maluwa achichepere, komabe, pakapita nthawi, mapangidwe a lilac amawonekera pa petal iliyonse. Maluwa amatha kukula mpaka 4 cm. Aliyense peduncle ali ndi masamba 5-6. Maluwa nthawi zambiri amakhala limodzi ndi masamba okugwa, ndipo kutalika kwake kumafika masiku 40.
Zabwino
Ubwino waukulu ndi maluwa osakhala mawonekedwe ndi mtundu wake. Kusiyanitsa kwa mbali yam'mwamba ya kaphiri ka mtundu wa lilac ndi ina yonse ndi yoyera. Imakhala ndi maluwa mosalekeza komanso mawonekedwe ake. Kuphatikiza pa kusankha kwa mtundu waukulu, pali - ndi mauna owoneka ofiira komanso malire a bulauni.
Zinthu zikukula
| Choyimira | Zochitika |
| Malo | Zimamva bwino pawindo loyang'ana mbali iliyonse kupatula kumwera. Kutentha kwa chilimwe kumakhala koyenera kuti zizisungunuka nthawi ndi nthawi ndi gauze, izi zimathandiza kupewa kuyaka ndi chilala m'nthaka. |
| Kuwala | Mwabwino mwamphamvu, pherekani, popanda dzuwa. Masana masana nthawi yachilimwe ifike mpaka maola 16, ndipo nthawi yozizira imakhala yokwanira maola 12, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zakale ndizovomerezeka. Kuperewera kwa kuwala kumakhudza mawonekedwe a malo ogulitsira, kuchuluka kwa masamba kumacheperachepera, pomwe masamba petioles ndi odala. |
| Dothi | Pamafunika nkhalango yathanzi, yotakasuka komanso yopanda chinyezi, yabwino. Kuphatikizikako kudzakhala zomwe zili ndi tambo, masamba ndi mchenga wowola. Zomera zikamasuluka, zimafunikira zakudya zina zowonjezera. Dothi lirilonse lachilengedwe kuchokera ku sitolo ndiloyenera kuchitapo kanthu, pomwe mutha kuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono. |
| Mphika | Violet amakula m'mphepete, osalowa pansi. Kutengera izi, safuna mphika wakuya. Zoyikiramo zinyalala monga dongo zokulitsidwa kapena njerwa zosweka pansi. Makulidwe azomwe amasiyanasiyana malinga ndi kukula kwa Saintpaulia:
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| Kutentha | Imakhala bwino mpaka kukwera komanso kutsika. Mitundu yabwino ya kutentha ndi + 20 ... +22 ° C, nthawi yozizira + 18 ... +19 ° C ikhale yokwanira. |
| Chinyezi | Pamafunika chinyezi chambiri (60%), koma sayenera kuthiridwa mchere chifukwa cha izi, ndibwino nthawi zonse kusungira chidebe chamadzi pafupi. Chipinda chomwe chimakhala senpolia nthawi zambiri chimayenera kuthandizidwa. Izi zisanachitike, ndikofunikira kukonzanso kuti chisagwere pokonzekera. |
Mr. Chilimwe wokhala kudzidziwitsa amadziwitsa: njira yothirira komanso yapamwamba
Ndikofunika kuthirira loto la Zolushkin pokhapokha dothi lapamwamba litatentha ndi 1/3, apo ayi, wolima m'munda atha kuthyola madzi ochuluka, pomwe chilala chimaphetsa senpolia. Nthawi zambiri, kuthirira kumachitika kawiri pa sabata, ndikofunikira kupatula ingress yamadzi pamaluwa ndi masamba. Kuti muchepetse njirayi komanso kusintha magwiridwe antchito, yesani kutsata. Izi zimapereka chomera chokha. Kuti mupange chida chotere, ndikofunikira kupanga chingwe chodulira, makamaka kuchokera kumaluso opangidwa (osapangika kuwola), osapitilira mainchesi 0.5 (kutengera kukula kwa mphika). Mudutseni ndi dambo, ndikuyiyika mphete m'nthaka. Kumapeto kwa chingwewo kumaikidwa mumtsuko wamadzi womwe umayikidwa pansi pa mphika. Komabe, kuthirira koteroko kumafunikira kuchulukana kwa nthaka, zomwe ndizosavuta kukwaniritsa powonjezera perlite.
Madzi othirira amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha firiji ndipo ndi bwino ngati si madzi ampope olimba, koma ofewa.
Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika malinga ndi nyengo:
- Feteleza zachilengedwe (nyengo yachisanu);
- Zopangira feteleza ndi pafupipafupi 1 nthawi / masabata atatu (masika);
- Pangachitike matenda (chilimwe).
Nthawi yomweyo, mbewu zazing'ono, mpaka miyezi iwiri, zodwala kapena zomwe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda topezeka, sizifunikira zakudya zina zowonjezera. Zomera zimakhala zapamwamba kwambiri nthawi yamaluwa.
Kubzala ndi kubereka
Njira imodzi yotsimikiziridwa yobereketsa ndiyosomera, koma mwanjira iyi muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chomera chokha chapakatikati. Ndikofunikira:
- Dulani zodula mzere wachiwiri;
- Dulani piritsi ya galasi loyatsidwa mu kapu yamadzi;
- Siyani phesi mkati mwake mpaka mizu itawonekera;
- Ikani mu dothi.
Njira inanso imakhazikitsidwa ndi mphamvu yobiriwira - pamenepa, phesi liyenera kubzalidwa nthawi yomweyo pansi ndikuphimbidwa ndi polyethylene, mutapanga mabowo ang'onoang'ono mkati mwake.
Njira yothandiza imawonedwa kuti ndi yoweta. Izi ndikuti ndizotengera ana kwambiri, ndipo kuti stepons ziwoneke, ndikofunikira kulimbikitsa mapangidwe awo pomamatira masamba ang'onoang'ono pakati pa Saintpaulia. Akawoneka, ndi scalpel, olekanitsa imodzi ndi chomera chachikulire, sungani mugalasi ndi madzi mpaka muzu utamera. Pakatha miyezi 1.5, mbewuyo imayamba kudziimira payokha.
Thirani mbewu
Nthaka ikataya zonse zomanga, ndi mizu ya mbewuyo ikamakula, nyanjayo iyenera kuikidwanso.
Chizindikiro cha kuponyera nthawi zambiri chimakhala chovala choyera pamtunda wa Saintpaulia, zimawonekera ngati vuto la kuchepa kwa oxygen komanso zambiri za feteleza wa mchere. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mudzutse mu nthawi yotentha, pakuwala kokwanira, koma muyenera kupewa izi nthawi yamaluwa. Musanayike valavu mumphika watsopano, ndikofunikira kuyeretsa kuchokera kumizu yakale, yowola ndikukonzanso dothi.
Kuti muchite izi, muyenera mawonekedwe awa (5: 3: 1: 1: 1):
- Kusakaniza kwa tsamba ndi thonje;
- Peat;
- Mchenga;
- Vermiculite.
Sipangokhala kopepuka kuwonjezera phulusa la nkhuni, kupezeka kwake kungakhudze dothi labwino. Atangochita opaleshoniyo, duwa sangafunikire kuthirira, ndikofunika kuti muziphimba ndi polyethylene.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Kupewa kwa nthawi yake ndi njira yodalirika yopewera tizirombo, nkhungu ndi matenda.
Ngati sizotheka kuthana ndi zovuta zoyipa, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuchitapo kanthu kuti muthane nazo munthawi yake, popeza zovuta zam'mera zimathandizidwa koyamba.
| Vutoli | Chifukwa, mawonetseredwe | Njira zoyesera |
| Fusarium | Kuzungulira mizu yochitidwa ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha. Mwachitsanzo, mukathirira ndi madzi ozizira. Amachokera ku mizu, kenako matendawa amafalikira mpaka kumtunda - tsinde, masamba. | Monga njira yothandizira, mankhwalawa ndi phytosporin ndi oyenera. Kusamalira moyenera kumathetsa mwayi wokhala ndi matenda otere. Maluwa atadwala ndi Fusarium, ndiye kuti samachiritsidwa. Iyenera kuwonongedwa popewa kukumana ndi zitsanzo zaumoyo. Nthaka yomwe ili ndi matenda osokoneza bongo iyenera kutayidwa, chifukwa imapatsidwanso kachilomboka. |
| Powdery mildew | Chikwangwani choyera chokwiyitsidwa ndi chinyezi chambiri komanso kutentha pang'ono. Zizindikiro zimayendera limodzi ndi kukula kwa masamba, masamba amafota. | Njira zopewera - kudyetsa phosphorous ndi potashi. Fungicide imalimbikitsa kuchira msanga kuchokera ku ufa wa powdery. Pakati pa mankhwala wowerengeka, ndibwino kuwonetsa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi sopo ndi sopo, wothiriridwa mu 1.5 malita a madzi. |
| Mochedwa | Masamba owuma chifukwa cha kuthirira kosayenera, hypothermia, kapena kusowa kwa kuyatsa. Pakupita masiku atatu, senpolia imamwalira. | Chotsani masamba onse owonongeka, perekani chisamaliro choyenera ndikuchiza mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Mizu imakhudzidwanso. Muyenera kuchotsera phula pamoto ndikuchotsa odwala - sanyamula dothi lapansi, mosiyana ndi mizu yoyera. |
| Gray zowola | Kuwonongeka kwamasamba kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa madzi pa iwo. | |
| Nkhupakupa, nsabwe za m'masamba, ntchentche | Kuwonongeka kwa mizu, masamba. Kukula kwa maluwa kumatha, ziwalo zonse zowonekera zimafota, mbewu imafa. | Chotsani ziwalo zomwe zakhudzidwa, mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala ophera tizirombo kapena katatu patadutsa sabata iliyonse. |
