Mitundu ya cacti: kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe

Cacti ndi banja lalikulu lachithupithupi. Chomera chobadwa ku South ndi North America chafalikira padziko lonse lapansi ndipo chatchuka kwambiri pakati paokonda maluwa ochokera kunja, chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu.

Kufotokozera kwa cacti

Tsinde ili ndi nthambi zosinthidwa zapadera - areoles, pomwe minga zimamera, kuphatikiza apo, zimagwira ngati malo opangira ana. Cactus masamba nawonso amatulutsa masamba awa. Panyumba, mbewu imaberekanso pafupipafupi mwachulukidwe ndipo nthawi zambiri imamasuwa. Monga ma suppulents ena, cacti imatha kuchita popanda madzi kwa nthawi yayitali chifukwa cha kapangidwe kapadera ndi ntchito zofunika. Chifukwa chake, njira ya photosynthesis mwa iwo imachitika usiku, chifukwa masana limatsekedwa kuti madzi asawonongeke. Tsinde limakhala ndi timadziti tomwe timadyetsa areola. Mizu yake imapangidwa bwino ndipo idapangidwa kuti igwire chinyezi chambiri momwe mungathere. Oimira ena a cacti amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu m'minda yazakudya ndi zamankhwala.

Zosiyanasiyana zamacacti

Malinga ndi chilengedwe, pali mafuko 11 ndi mabanja ocheperapo 4, omwe akuphatikizapo Pereskievy, Maukhienievy, Opuntsievye ndi Cactus, kuphatikiza mitundu yomwe sinaphatikizidwe m'mabanja am'mbuyomu. Komabe, okonda mbewu zamkati amagawa chomera mogwirizana ndi mawonekedwe ena owoneka. Mwachitsanzo, mawonekedwe: ngati mtengo, shrubby, liana, udzu. Pamalo okukula, cacti amagawidwa kukhala chipululu ndi nkhalango, yomwe imapezeka m'malo otentha aku South America. Mitundu iyi ndi mtundu wosavuta wa mawondo 11. Ngati mukuyitanitsa malo okhala ndi mawonekedwe akunja, zimadziwika nthawi yomweyo kuti ndi nthumwi yanji.

Shrubby

Mtunduwu umadziwika ndi nthambi zautali zazitali, zimatsikira pansi. Mbali yapadera ndi maluwa, omwe amaphimba kwambiri zimayambira: ali ndi utoto wofiirira wofiirira kapena wofiirira. Woimira wamba ndi Hilocereus, amene zipatso zake zacha amatchedwa pitahaya ndipo amadyedwa mwachangu m'malo otentha.

Wonga mtengo

Amasiyanitsidwa ndi chinsalu chachikulu chooneka ngati chitsulo chozungulira chokhala ngati cylindrical. Danga lamiyala ngati mtengo limatha kukula kwakukulu, makamaka m'malo achilengedwe. Zomera zimatha kukhala m'mizungu yogwira ntchito kwa zaka zopitilira 300, pambuyo pake zimaleka kupanga, koma zimakhala ndi nthawi yayitali. Kunyumba, izi ndizosatheka. Zitsanzo zambiri, mwachitsanzo - Cereus, amakula mpaka 25-30 m.

Grassy

Ambiri amasinthidwa ndi nyengo yonyowa komanso yowala dzuwa. Mitsempha yoyera imalumikizidwa kwambiri ndikupanga mtundu wa intaneti womwe umateteza kuzungulira kwa tsinde ndikupeza madontho aminyontho. Kukula kochepa: 30-40 cm kutalika ndi 15-20 cm. Woimira wina mwa mtunduwu ndi Mammillaria. Idakhala yotchuka pakati pa alimi a cactus chifukwa chakuzindikira komanso kukongoletsa.

Wopanga

Zomera za Epiphytic zikuzungunuka kuzungulira mitengo. Makulidwe awo amatengera kutalika kwa chithandizo, pafupifupi ndi 5-9 m, mainchesi oyambira amakhala pafupifupi masentimita 2-3. Matipi a Bristle ndi a bulauni kapena oyera mtundu. Pofika 3 cm, ma arelia amatha, pakapita nthawi, atsopano amawonekera m'malo awo. Pali nthiti 5-8. Mtunduwu umayamikiridwa makamaka chifukwa cha maluwa ake apadera. Mwachitsanzo, Selenicerius adapitilira masamba owala achikasu ndi beige omwe atatsegulidwa amafanana ndi Dzuwa.

Chipululu

Kuti tizitha kukhalabe ndi moyo nyengo yachilala komanso mvula yosowa, cacti pakachitika chisinthiko apeza mikhalidwe yambiri, kuphatikizapo singano ndi tsinde lakuthwa. Mizu yamitundu yonse yam'chipululu ndiyofunikira, koma imasiyana mosiyanasiyana kutalikirana kwake. Chifukwa chake, mizu ya oimira ambiri amatha kukhala m'malo akuluakulu, kufalitsa nthambi zazing'ono zoonda posaka chinyezi. Zofanizira zina zimadziwika ndi ndodo yayikulu ikudula dothi louma ndi masentimita makumi ambiri, chifukwa chomwe chinyezi chimapeza chambiri. Chochakitsanso china ndi chisa. M'nthawi yamvula, ndikamayenda kwamadzi mwachindunji, madzi amadzaza mkati mwa cactus, motero kaphiridwe kamatupa, ndikupeza mawonekedwe ozungulira. Izi zimathandiza kukhala chinyezi komanso kupewa khungu. Mitundu ya chipululu imaphatikizapo izi:

1. Nyenyezi. Pakati pa spikes yayitali pali tsitsi lambiri. Ili ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira komanso maluwa okongola.
2. Ariocarpus. Zimayambira zimakutidwa, zokwawa pansi.
3. Gymnocalyciums. Itha kukhala ndi pinki, lalanje komanso mtundu wofiira, chifukwa chosowa chlorophyll.
4. Cleistocactus. Chophimbidwa bwino ndi ma spines oyera. Maluwa ndi owala, ali pamwamba.
5. Lofofora. Palibe singano, imafanana ndi dzungu mu mawonekedwe.
6. Cephalocereus. Mawano akuthwa, aatali, owonda omwe amawoneka ngati tsitsi.

Forest cacti

Kapangidwe ka oimira gululi ndi kosiyana kwambiri. Ambiri ndi epiphytes, omwe amakula pamitengo ndi miyala, yomwe imawathandiza. Pali mitundu ya parasitic yomwe imadya zotsalira. Chinyontho cha mbewu chimapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito mizu yambiri ya mlengalenga. M'malo mwake, palibe minga; mmalo mwake, villi amawoneka pamiyala yayitali. Mitengo yamitengo imafuna kuyatsa kosavuta ndi chinyezi chambiri.

1. Ripsalis. Zimayambira ndi yosalala, yopapatiza, yozungulira. Masamba amafanana ndi mabelu.
2. Epiphyllum. Maluwa onunkhira amitundu yosiyanasiyana.
3. Aporocactus. Imafika 2 m, yokhala ndi siliva.

Mitundu ya Domestic Cacti

Sikuti ma cacti onse amabzala pakhomo. Oyimira ambiri amafunika nthaka yapadera yomwe singathe kubwezerezedwanso pamanja. Kuphatikiza apo, ena amatha kufikira zazikulu zazikulu, kotero kulima kwawo sikothandiza.

Maluwa acacti

Pali mitundu ingapo yamitundu yomwe ingasangalatse eni malowa ndi ma inflorescence okongola owala.

Leac cacti

Cacti wotere dzina lake chifukwa cha zimayambira zosinthika: zimayalidwa ndikuwongola, mawonekedwe ofanana masamba ang'ono. Chochulukacho ndikunyinyirika pochoka, chifukwa chake mbewu izi ndizodziwika kwambiri. Mitundu yotsatirayi imawonedwa kuti ndi pepala:

1. Cactus Schlumberger kapena Decembrist. Epiphytes otsika kutulutsa nyengo yozizira.
2. Ripsalidopsis. Ma shaki okhala ndi mawonekedwe ambiri, masamba ofanana.
3. Pereskia. Ili ndi masamba achilengedwe ndi singano. Maluwa ndi akulu, lalanje.

Kulima khwawa

Cacti ndiabwino kukula pakhomo. Ndiwobwereketsa ndipo amasangalala chaka chilichonse kukhala ndi masamba okongola. Komabe, wamaluwa osazindikira poyamba sizovuta zake kuti akwaniritse mawonekedwe a inflorescence. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, chomeracho chikukula mwachangu, ana akupanga. Kuphatikiza pazizindikiro zakunja: tsinde lakuda ndi mawonekedwe ake, cacti ili ndi zofunikira. Amakhala ndi nkhope yomwe imatenga magetsi owala ndi ma radiation ochokera kumagetsi.

Nthaka ndi zotengera za cacti

Cacti amafunika madzi mwachindunji, kotero kusakanizika kwadothi kosakhala koyenera sikuyenera. Gawo laling'ono liyenera kukhala ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu zodziyanasiyana kuti madzimadzi afikire mizu momasuka. Kuphatikiza apo, dothi lolondola lidzaonetsetsa kuti mpweya ulowemo mwaulere, womwe ndi wofunikira pamoyo wa chomera. Pokhala ndi mpweya wokwanira wa nayitrogeni m'nthaka, cacti amafa msanga, motero ndikofunika kuti asalole feteleza wachilengedwe yemwe ali ndi dothi kuti alowe m'nthaka.

Feteleza zachilengedwe zimakhudzanso vuto la mbewu, zimayambitsa kufooka ndikusokoneza njira zachilengedwe za kagayidwe. Iwo ali osavomerezeka kuti awonjezere humus ku gawo lapansi. Makala, miyala yophwanyika, mchenga ndi dothi louma ndi langwiro.

Kuti musankhe mphamvu, muyenera kulabadira kuchuluka kwa mizu ya cactus. Mitundu ina, imamera mwamphamvu munthambi zazing'ono. Mphika uyenera kufanana ndi kukula kwa mizu, apo ayi mbewuyo imadzaza, ndipo imaleka kutulutsa. Muli zitsamba zazikulu kwambiri, cacti samakula. Musaiwale za ngalulu yomwe idayikidwa pansi. Itha kukhala polystyrene, mwala wosweka, mtedza kapena udzu wokulitsidwa. Mutabzala, pamwamba pamafunika kukonkhedwa ndi miyala, mchenga. Nthaka iyenera kumasulidwa nthawi zonse kuti mpweya udutse kumizu.

Tikufika

Uwu ndiwosavuta kwambiri, womwe ngakhale wowayambitsa cactus akhoza kuchita. Komabe, muyenera kutsatira dongosolo linalake:

1. Musanabzale, muyenera kusiya kuthirira kwa masiku angapo, kuti mizu itha kudzipatula ku dothi.
2. Choyamba muyenera kukonza chidebe ndikuchidzaza ndi dothi pafupifupi 1 3 ya voliyumu yonse.
3. Kenako ikani cactus mosamala pang'ono kuti mizu yonse ikhale pansi.
4. Patulani malo otsalawo ndi mchenga kapena phulusa.

Kusamalira m'nyumba yamkati

Werengani zambiri mu nkhaniyi momwe mungasamalire cacti kunyumba.

Kuthirira

Ngakhale cacti sikuti mwachilengedwe amafuna kuti azikhala madzi ochepa, kuthirira kwathunthu sikungathetsedwe. Monga chomera chilichonse, cacti amafunika madzimadzi a moyo wabwinobwino, koma ochepa, kuwonongeka kumayamba. Ndi chinyezi, mizu yake imatenga zinthu zofunika kufufuza zomwe zimatsimikizira maluwa ndi masamba nthawi zonse. Mtundu uliwonse umakhala wodziwika ndi kuchuluka kwake kwamadzi, koma pali malamulo apadera othirira:

1. Gwiritsani ntchito madzi okhazikika.
2. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse nkhadze pansi pa muzu kapena kuchita kuthirira pang'ono.
3. Onetsetsani kuti palibe kusayenda kwamadzi, konzekerani ngalande.
4. M'miyezi yotentha kuti muigwiritse ntchito madzulo, kuzizira - masana.
5. Zomera, tsinde lomwe limakutidwa ndi sera wokutira, safuna kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.

Mavalidwe apamwamba

Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito gawo lapadera la cacti, lomwe lili ndi zofunikira zonse, mwina simungathe kukumana ndi manyowa. Kupanda kutero, feteleza wa mchere wochokera potaziyamu ndi phosphorous amakhala bwino.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi kumavalidwe apamwamba, kuwasakaniza ndi madzi ndikugwiritsira ntchito kuthirira nthawi yamasamba akhama. Nthawi zambiri, mmera suyenera kuphatikiza, makamaka pambuyo maluwa, matalala akabwera. Guano (zitosi zowola za mbalame ndi zinyama) zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito powonjezera pa kusakaniza kwa dothi pomadzala, koma kufikira pang'ono.

Cactus kupatsira

Kuika sikuyenera kuchitika osapitirira 1 nthawi pachaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, kotero kuti mbewuyo idazika mizu ndikuzolowera nyengo yachisanu. Kukula kwatsopano kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu pang'ono kuposa koyambalo, apo ayi mizu siyikhala ndi mwayi wokula. Asanabzale, mumphika ndikukonzekera gawo lapansi liyenera kutetezedwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuchotsa mwayi wa matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa, nkhokwezi siziyenera kuyikidwa m'manda kwambiri, chifukwa ndikathirira mopitilira, tsinde lomwe lili pansi pa nthaka limavunda ndikufa. Ma hydrate otsatirawa ayenera kuchitika pokhapokha masiku 3-4.

Komwe kuli mphikawo ndikwabwino kusankha nthawi yomweyo, mbewu sizikonda malo osinthika pafupipafupi.

Ngati cactus sichimatulutsa

Ndiosavuta kukwaniritsa mawonekedwe a masamba owoneka bwino, muyenera kutsatira malamulo ena:

1. Osatembenuza chomeracho mosiyanasiyana. Pankhaniyi, tsinde lidzapindika kwambiri, koma nkhadze imaphuka nthawi yayitali.
2. Gwirani ntchito mosamala kuti musawononge minga ndi mizu. Zomera zimayesetsa kwambiri kuti zibwezeretsedwe, kotero kuti masamba sangawonekere.
3. Osagwiritsa ntchito molakwika kuthirira, makamaka nthawi yozizira ndi yophukira.
4. Masamba akayamba kupanga, feteleza sagwiritsidwa ntchito, apo ayi nkhosayo imataya inflorescence.

Mr. Chilimwe wokhala: nsonga zokulitsa nkhadze kuchokera ku mbewu

Kubala ndi njere ndi njira yovuta koma yosangalatsa yomwe imatenga nthawi yayitali.

1. Nthaka ndi chidebe ziyenera kusanjidwa ndi nthunzi kapena njira zapadera.
2. Dzazani mphika ndi gawo lonyowa pang'ono, ndikuyala pansi.
3. Mbewu zoyikidwa pamtunda wamtali wa 3-4 masentimita kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake.
4. Kuwaza ndi wosanjikiza mchenga kapena phulusa.
5. Phimbani zotengera ndi zokutira pulasitiki kapena galasi, malo osayatsa bwino.
6. Pakatha milungu iwiri, mphukira yoyamba iwoneka, ndiye kuti pobisalira pamafunika kusunthidwa pang'ono, koma osachotsedwa, ndipo dothi liyenera kupukutidwa ndi sprayer.
7. Pakubwera kwa singano yoyamba, filimuyo iyenera kuchotsedwa ndikuwonekera m'miphika imodzi.