Freesia ndi wachikale wabanja la Iris. Kwawo - Kummwera chakumadzulo kwa Africa. Choberekedwa ku Europe kuyambira kuchiyambiyambi kwa XIX century. Imapezeka pakati pa zitsamba, pafupi ndi mitsinje ndi nyanja. Anatchulidwa pambuyo pa botanist wa ku Germany, Friedrich Frieze. Duwa labwino komanso lonunkhira limadziwika ndikudula.
Mawonekedwe a Freesia
Freesia ali ndi fungo losangalatsa losakhalitsa, limatchedwa "Cape kakombo wa chigwa." Mizu ya chomera imayimiriridwa ndi bulabu ya atypical mumalawidwe ofunda kapena oyera, amasinthidwa nyengo iliyonse yachiwiri (babu amafa, muzu watsopano umawonekera). Masamba ndi owonda, amalire, odalilika, ali ndi mtsempha pakati, 15-20 cm, 1.5 cm mulitali.Iwo amakula molunjika kuchokera pansi.
Inflorescence yokhala mbali imodzi ndi chubu chopapatiza chokulitsidwa pansi ndi maluwa 3-6 a mithunzi yosiyanasiyana. Pali kirimu, violet, pinki, buluu, zoyera, lalanje. Pakati pa Ogasiti, phukira ndi kusangalala ndi malingaliro awo kuti asakhale chisanu. Tsinde lopindika ndi losalala limakhala lalitali 20-70 cm. Zipatsozo ndi bokosi.
Zinthu za freesia:
- Ili ndi mafungo osiyanasiyana: zipatso, kakombo wa chigwa, udzu watsopano.
- Amadula mpaka masiku 10, otsala mwatsopano ndi onunkhira.
- Achikopa amamupangira maluwa.
- Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polenga mizimu.
- Mitundu yofiirira yachikaso imakula mwachangu kwambiri.
- Ndizotchuka pakati pa opanga mawonekedwe, ndikupanga mawonekedwe okongola a maluwa, m'minda.
Freesia ikhoza kumalidwa bwino mdziko muno, mu wowonjezera kutentha, wowonjezera kutentha, chipinda.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya freesia
Mwa mitundu 20 ya mbewu, alimi a maluwa amalima atatu.
| Onani | Kufotokozera | Maluwa | Fungo |
| Armstrong | Chepetsa mpaka 70 cm. inflorescence ngati mantha. Limamasula mu Meyi ndi June. | Mawonekedwe a Bell, rasipiberi, pinki, wofiirira, wachikasu. | Zipatso |
| Chosweka (chosinthidwa) | Wamfupi (40 cm) wokhala ndi mphukira zofowoka. Inflorescences 2-4. Limamasula mu Epulo. | Woyera, lalanje. | Kakombo wa kuchigwa. |
| Zophatikiza | Imafika kutalika kwa 1 m, inflorescence 7-9. | Choyera, chofiirira. | Zosiyanasiyana: zamaluwa, kukomoka, zonunkhira. |
Pali mitundu yokhala ndi petals mu mzere umodzi (terry), awiri kapena kupitilira.
| Gulu | Kufotokozera | Maluwa | Fungo |
| Kadinala | Kufikira 70 masentimita, imakhala ndi maulendo atatu atatu 30 cm. | Scarlet, pinki ndimawonekedwe achikasu. | Pafupifupi sizikuwoneka. |
| Ballerina | Pa peduncle 25-30 cm, pafupifupi 12 maluwa. | Wodwala, yoyera, yachikaso. | Chifwamba. |
| Odorata | 30 masentimita okwera, inflorescence 3-7. | Chikasu ndi lalanje. | Kakombo wa kuchigwa. |
| Pimperina | Mwachidule, mpaka 20 cm, inflorescence 7. | Chachikulu, chofiyira chakuda ndi m'mphepete, chikasu pakati, chokhala. | Zofooka kwambiri. |
| Lilac | Kutalika kwa masentimita 80. Ziphuphu ziwiri zowongoka, mawonekedwe owoneka ngati spike. Imazirala mwachangu. | Osawiri, lilac, pakati yoyera. | Osaneneka. |
| Caramel | Kutalika, mpaka 80 masentimita, maluwa 7-8. | Chachikulu, chofiirira. | Osati amphamvu. |
| Helsinki | Imafika 60-70 masentimita, masamba ofunda, ofunda. | Zofiirira, lilac, ndi pharynx wachikasu. | Wamphamvu, woonda. |
| Sonnet | Kukula mu greenhouse, mpaka 85 cm, 11 maluwa. | Scarlet ndi banga la lalanje. | Adatchulidwa wokoma. |
| Elizabeti | Osatha mpaka 85 cm. | Utoto wonyezimira, wopanda terry. | Wochenjera. |
| Red Lyon | Kutalika, mpaka 80 cm. | Chachikulu, chofiyira, chofiira kwambiri. | Kakombo wa kuchigwa. |
| Pinki | Osatha, limamasula mpaka masiku 25. | Utoto wapinki, wokulirapo wokhala ndi pakati yoyera. | Wamphamvu, watsopano. |
| Ambass White | Kufikira masamba 50, kutalika, masamba obiriwira. | Choyera ngati chipale, chokhala ndi matanga a beige m'munsi. | Zonunkhira. |
| Makonda a Orange | Kufikira 40-4-50 cm. | Orange ndi khosi lakuda. | Jasmine |
| Choyera choyera | Malo okhala pafupi mpaka 50 cm. | Choyera, ndi mikwingwirima ya kirimu. | Chill kusintha kukhala maluwa. |
| Royal Blue | Mitunda yosiyanasiyana kuyambira 40-70 cm. | Chachikulu, chamtambo. | Osaneneka. |
Kulima kwa kunja kwa freesia
Kubzala ndi kusamalira pabwalo la maluwa pamakhala zinthu zingapo. Mahlahla pachitsamba mpaka 40 cm amapangidwa mu Julayi, pachimake mu Ogasiti. Sangalalani ndi kutuluka kwa freesia mpaka Okutobala. Mukadula maluwa onse, kuthirirani madzi ndikusiya mpaka chokumbiracho.
Zinthu zikukula
Tchire zazitali zimafuna chithandizo, kukhazikitsa grid yopingasa, trellis. Freesia amakonda maola masana mpaka maola 12-14, chiwembu chopanda kukonzekera, kuwongolera dzuwa ndi penumbra pang'ono. Amakumba pansi bwino, ndiku kumasula. Mitundu yopingasa yopanda zipatso imabzalidwe pafupi, mitundu yotalikirana imabzalidwa patali.
Kutentha kofunikira ndi + 22 ° C. Mu nyengo yotentha kapena yozizira, maluwa amataya mawonekedwe.
Freesia ikhoza kudulidwa pomwe masamba awiri kapena kupitilira awonekera. Maluwa owuma amaphulika. Nthaka yamasulidwa, namsongole namsongole. Madzulo, mphukira ndi masamba amafafaniza.
Tikufika
Choyamba, ma corm amakonzedwa: amathandizidwa ndi Fitosporin, obzalidwa mumbale 5 cm, ophatikizidwa, ndikusiyidwa pakuwala. Pambuyo pa miyezi iwiri, amayikidwa mu dothi lotayirira, lopumuluma popanda kulowerera kapena pang'ono acidic.
Mababu amabzalidwa pomwe zipatsozi zimadutsa akuya masentimita 9-12 ndi 3-5 masentimita kuchokera kwina, pakati pa mizere mpaka masentimita 15. Malo omwe asankhidwa ndi owala, osasinthika ndi mitengo ndi zitsamba, nthawiyo ndi Epulo kapena Meyi. Matenthedwe sayenera kugwa pansi + 15 ° C ndipo osakhala apamwamba kuposa + 18 ° C, apo ayi freesia sikhala pachimake. Mutabzala, dothi lawumbika. Mababu amadzaza madzi ambiri, amamera kwa masabata atatu, kenako kuthirira kumachepetsedwa.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Pambuyo kumera, ammonium nitrate imayambitsidwa ndikukula kwamphamvu 3-4. Ndiye milungu iwiri iliyonse - superphosphate ndi mchere wa potaziyamu.
Kuthirira
Thirirani duwa pansi pa muzu, nthawi zambiri nthawi isanakwane masana, kuti musawononge mabakiteriya. Chifukwa cha kuthirira kwamadzulo, masamba sangathe kuuma, ndikuchepetsa kutentha kumayambitsa matenda. Chomera chimakonda nthaka chonyowa, koma popanda kusayenda kwamadzi. Pambuyo maluwa, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa, kumayima kwathunthu kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala.
Freesia kunyumba
Kukula ndi kusamalira pakhomo ndikosavuta kuposa kusunga duwa panja. Mitundu yomwe imakula pang'ono imasankhidwa mpaka masentimita 25. Ngati maluwa wabzalidwa nthawi yophukira, imaphuka nthawi yozizira.
Kupanga nyengo
Ikani duwa kum'mawa, kumadzulo kwa windows windows, popanda kukonzekera. M'nyengo yozizira, kuunikira kokumba kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zoyambira zake zimakhala zosalimba kuti zisasweke, kukhazikitsa chothandizira (chokongoletsera, chingwe cha waya).
Madzi nthaka ikamuma, kukhazikika, mvula, madzi osefa. Anawaza madzulo, osakhudza pamakhala ndi masamba.
Amadyetsedwa ndi ma mineral complexes kawiri pamwezi. Maluwa owuma amadulidwa kuti apulumutse michere kwa ena.
Tikufika
Mphika umasankhidwa ndi mainchesi ofikira 15 cm, ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Dongo lokwera kapena timiyala timatsanulira pansi, pamwamba pake pamakhala makala osakanikirana ndi malovu amtundu, peat, mchenga, ndi kuwonjezera kwa ufa wamafupa ndi phulusa. Ikani anyezi 6 akuya masentimita 5 mu mbale imodzi. Khazikitsani kutentha +15 ° C, kuwonjezera pomwe masamba oyamba awonekera, ndiye madzi.
Kusamalira mitengo ya maluwa pambuyo pa maluwa
Mukugwa, kumapeto kwa maluwa, ma tubers amakumbidwa, osungidwa mpaka chaka chamawa.
M'nyumba
Kuphukira pamutu kudula, muzu umathiridwa kwa miyezi 1-1,5 kuti ana apangidwe. Kenako imatulutsidwa, kuthiridwa ndi manganese, youma pa + 25 ... 28 ° С. Kenako amasanjidwa, kusankha zowonongeka, zowola.
Poyera
Mwezi wa Okutobala pomwe tsamba la platinamu limasanduka chikasu, amakumba ma corm, kudula zimayambira, peel, ndikusintha. Kuwononga kumatenda kumachitika (kukonzedwa ku Fitosporin, Azobacterin), kuyesedwa ndikuyikidwa yosungirako.
Potentha, kubzala zinthu kumatsalira nthawi yozizira, wokutidwa ndi mulch.
Kusunga Bulb
Sungani zinthu zobzala pamalo amdima, maukonde, pamtunda wambiri ndi kutentha + 29 ... +31 ° C, masabata 12-16, kenako m'munsi (masabata awiri musanabzike) mpaka + 12 ... +13 ° С.
Kufalitsa kwa Fenceia
Fotokozerani maluwa ndi mababu, mbewu.
Pambuyo pokumba, mababu amapatulidwa ndi amayi ndikuwabzala mosiyana ndi masika. Patsamba lino, ana amakula. Amachotsedwa, ophera majakisoni m'dzinja, owuma, osungidwa mpaka masika, nthawi yotentha adzaphuka.
Tsiku lisanabzike, mbewuyo imatetezedwa ndi manganese. Kenako zulani ndi 1 cm m'mabokosi osakaniza ndi mchenga, peat, humus chimodzimodzi. Phimbani ndi filimu, mpweya wokwanira nthawi zonse, sungani kutentha kwa + 20 ... +25 ° C, kuthirira nthaka. Kutulutsa kwamera kumayembekezeredwa pambuyo pa masiku 23-25, kuthiriridwa, namsongole kumachotsedwa, umuna ndikuphatikizidwa ndi potaziyamu-phosphorous sabata iliyonse.
Khalani ndi kuwala kowala. Dulani mbande pamtunda wa 5 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Kutentha ndikoyenera +20 ° C ndi chinyezi kwambiri, kenako kutsikira + 14 ° C, wobzalidwa mumsewu kumapeto kwa Meyi.
A Dachnik achenjeza: matenda ndi tizirombo ta freesia
Ngati mababu sanayeretsedwe kapena kugwiridwa molakwika, freesia imayatsidwa ndi matenda oyamba ndi tizirombo.
| Matenda / Tizilombo | Kuwonetsera | Kukonza |
| Gray zowola | Brown amawala ndi imvi. | Alirin-B, Trichodermin. |
| Kachilombo ka Mose | Pa chomera, chonyowa mawanga mu mawonekedwe, ndiye kuti chimasanduka chikaso. | Fundazol. |
| Fusarium | Masamba amakhala owonda, achikaso, owuma. | Fitovit, Previkur. |
| Scab | Chikasu, kutulutsa nsonga za masamba. Brown imawoneka pansi pa tsinde. Chomera chagona. | Sitha kuthandizidwa. |
| Spider mite | Pamasamba ndi mapesi patsamba. | Actellic, Fitoverm kapena sopo wa phula. |
| Ma nsabwe | Mphukira ndi masamba ndi zomata, zinafota, zakuda. | Chotsani mbali zowonongeka. Sopo yankho ndi phulusa la nkhuni kapena Karbofos, Tanrek. |
| Zopatsa | Masamba amasungunuka, pali madontho ambiri pa iwo, mawanga a bulauni ali m'munsi. | Mospilanom, Actara. |
Ntchito Fenceia
Duwa limawoneka bwino pamabedi az maluwa, m'malire, m'maluwa, ophatikizidwa ndi cyclamen, kakombo, magnolia. Freesia amakongoletsa maluwa pa zikondwerero zilizonse, amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zodzikongoletsera, mankhwala osamalira thupi.
Kuphatikiza apo, kununkhira kwake kumathandizira pakukhumudwa kwamanjenje, kupsinjika, kumathandizanso kugona, komanso kusintha kwamphamvu. Amakhulupirira kuti duwa limapereka mphamvu kwa mwini wake, limapereka kulimba mtima, limateteza magulu ankhondo.
