Tomato ndi gwero la zinthu zopatsa thanzi kwambiri. Malinga ndi olima maluwa ena a novice, chisamaliro chonse cha tomato chimakhala pa kupalira munthawi yake, kuthirira, kuvala pamwamba. Koma kukulitsa zokolola zambiri, izi sizokwanira.
Mphamvu yaulimi pakukula ndi zipatso za tomato
Pali zochenjera zambiri posamalira izi, ndipo zosiyanasiyana zamtundu uliwonse. Izi ndizowona makamaka pakukula kwa zinthu - wowonjezera kutentha kapena panthaka. Apa muyenera kusankha njira zoyenera za agrotechnical, komanso mitundu ya mbewu. Ambiri mwa iwo ndi oyenera pokhapokha, pali tomato wina woyenera kugwirizira malo ndi malo otseguka, komanso nyengo zosiyanasiyana.
Zinthu zazikulu zaukadaulo woyenera waulimi mukamakula tomato:
- kusankha mitundu yoyenera mukamagula mbewu zomwe zimagwirizana ndi dera komanso zomwe zikukula;
- Kukonzekera bwino mbewu musanabzale - chithandizo ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, makulitsidwe a kukula;
- kupanga malo oyenera mbande - kuthira manyowa m'nthaka, kuonetsetsa kuunikira okwanira, kutentha kwambiri, kuthirira nthawi zonse;
- kusankha malo ogona, kulima, feteleza wa malowa;
- kubzala bwino mbande pamalo okhazikika;
- kutsirira, nthawi yowonjezeranso feteleza;
- mankhwalawa tchire matenda ndi tizilombo toononga;
- kumasula dothi ndikumasulira;
- Kupanga tchire, garter, kudina - chifukwa mitundu yayitali ndiyokhazikitsidwa, chifukwa otsika komanso pakati amakula;
- Njira zina zimaphatikizira mulching, chivundikiro chosakhalitsa ndi kanema panthawi yozizira, kubzala mbewu zapafupi zomwe zimachotsa tizirombo.
Kufunika kwa malo akamakula tomato
Mukamasankha tsamba, muyenera kuganizira kuti tomato amakonda dzuwa ndipo salola kulowa m'madzi. Afunika kukhala kumapiri ndi otsetsereka kumpoto chakumadzulo.
Akatswiri salimbikitsa kusintha mbewuyi ndi mbewu zina zapafupi ndi chimanga. Zoyambilira zabwino kwambiri ndi masamba monga nkhaka, anyezi, zukini ndi kabichi. Mu wowonjezera kutentha, tomato amabzalidwa m'mizere.
Kusankhidwa kwa dothi ndikukonzekera
Tomato atha kulimidwa pamtunda wamitundu yambiri, zonse zimatengera kuchuluka kwa ntchito yokonzekera:
- nthaka iyenera kukhala yopanda thanzi komanso yopatsa thanzi, chifukwa chake iyenera kulimidwa moyenera ndikuthira manyowa okwanira organic ndi mchere;
- sing'anga iyenera kukhala yosalowerera kapena acidic pang'ono, tomato amakula bwino pama dothi acidic, motero amafunika kukhala osaloledwa ndi ufa wa dolomite kapena laimu;
- ziyenera kukumbukiridwa zomwe mbewu zomwe zidalimidwa m'mbuyomu pabedi ili - m'malo otentha kwambiri, sizigwira ntchito kuti zikule bwino.
Zokhudza kukonzekera dothi:
- Mu wowonjezera kutentha. Yambani kugwa, mutakolola. Pamwamba pamatsukidwa zomera zotsalira. Ngati ndi kotheka, ngati dothi lapezeka ndi kachilombo, kumtunda kumachotsedwa ndipo ponsepo pamapezeka tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kenako yonjezerani nthaka yatsopano, yathanzi, manyowa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kufesa bedi ndi manyowa obiriwira (mwachitsanzo, mpiru) m'dzinja - izi zimachiritsa ndikulemeretsa nthaka. Chapakatikati, amaphera majakisoni mu wowonjezera kutentha ndikuthira manyowa.
- Poyera. M'dzinja, bedi lakumunda limatsukidwa zinyalala zachomera, zomwe zimakumbidwa ndikuyambitsa nthawi yomweyo michere. Chapakatikati, kukumba kumachitidwanso ndikuthiriridwa ndi yankho lotentha lamkuwa lamkuwa. Musanabzale, zitsime zakonzedwa momwe feteleza amamuikira (organic kanthu, peat, phulusa, etc.).
Kuthira nthaka m'nthaka
Pa nyengo ya kukula musange mavalidwe angapo. Yoyamba - sabata itatha, yotsatira - milungu iwiri iliyonse. Zowonjezera feteleza ndizofunikira makamaka nthawi ya maluwa.
Zosakaniza zamchere ndi organic zimasungunulidwa m'madzi ndikuthilira chitsamba chilichonse.
Mapangidwe a chitsamba cha phwetekere
Mitundu yambiri ya tomato imakula kwambiri, ndikupanga tchire tokhala ndi mbali zingapo zoyambira. Kuti mbewu zisataye mphamvu zawo pamphepete, zimachotsedwa, ndikusiya maulimi atatu.
Ndipo mlungu uliwonse, omwe akutulutsa timapepala tatsopano timadulidwanso. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muchepetse michere yopanga thumba losunga mazira. Njira yodulira matchire imachitika mu wowonjezera kutentha komanso malo otseguka.
Kutsirira koyenera
Choyimira chofunikira chambiri cha kuthilira ndi chinyezi cha dothi. Popewa kuwoneka ngati matenda oyamba ndi fungus, sikulimbikitsidwa kuti mutengeke ndi chinyezi cha dothi. Tomato amalola nthawi zowuma mosavuta kuposa kuwuma. Pafupifupi, kuthirira 1-2 pa sabata ndikofunikira, pakatentha - katatu.
Kulima, mulching
Kapangidwe ka kutumphuka panthaka kumalepheretsa mpweya kupita kumizu. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kumasula nthaka mozungulira zimayambira (kangapo pamnyengo), makamaka munthawi yomwe tchire limangopanga. Ndi zomera zokhala kale, zitha kuvulazidwa.
Kusungabe chinyezi m'nthaka, kuletsa kukula kwa namsongole, mabedi amawumbika ndi udzu, utuchi, mapepala ndi zinthu zina. Makulidwe osanjikiza ayenera kukhala pafupifupi 5-7 cm.
Mr. Chilimwe wokhala: Zinsinsi zokolola phwetekere zambiri
Mlimi aliyense ali ndi zinsinsi zake zokulitsa tomato, nazi zina:
- Tomato ndizomera zodzipukuta zokha (mitundu yambiri). Koma mikhalidwe yovuta imatha kuchitika ngati njirayi singakwaniritse bwino. Kenako ndikofunikira kugwedeza mbewu 1-2 pa sabata sabata.
- Kuti achulukitse zokolola zachiwiri ndi lachitatu maburashi, amadzidulira nthawi yamaluwa ndi yankho (munthawi ya ndende) ya boric acid. Izi zimathandizira kupanga mapangidwe a mazira.
- Ngati feteleza (manyowa ndi peat) akawonjezeredwa panthaka pakugwa, ndiye kuti akhoza kukonzekera bwino mbewu zambiri, zochulukitsa nthawi yachisanu.
Njira zosakhazikika pakukula phwetekere
Wamaluwa amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zokulira izi. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti si njira zonse zomwe zili pamwambazi zomwe zingagwire ntchito kumagawo onse a dziko lathu lalikulu. M'malo ena, njira zingapo sizingakhale zovomerezeka, monga mwachitsanzo ku Siberia kuzizira kwambiri, ndipo ngakhale chilimwe si chitsimikizo cha kukolola. Mawonekedwe akusankhidwa kwa njirayi samangokhala kumalo komwe kulimidwa tomato kumayenera. Ena a tsambali satero, chifukwa cha zochitika zina. Komabe, ngati mungakonzekere ngodya yoyenera, kusankha kwakukulu kumatseguka.
Njira iliyonse imakhala chifukwa cha zomwe malowo akukula, zofuna za wokolola m'munda.
Zopusa (phwetekere)
M'malo mwake, ndi chimodzimodzi ndi njira yachikhalidwe yolimitsira. Komabe, pali zosiyana zazikulu. Munjira yokhazikika, mbewu zimabzalidwa mzere, ndi mtunda wawukulu pakati pa wina ndi mnzake. Izi zimachitika kuti chitsamba chilichonse chimakhala ndi malo ake, pomwe chimadyetsedwa ndi chinyezi, michere yambiri, feteleza.
Njira yomwe ikufunsidwa ikhoza kuchepetsa nthawi yakamatera, komanso kuchepetsa mphamvu zowononga nthawi ndi chisamaliro chotsatira. Gawo loyamba ndi kukumba mabowo, akuya pafupifupi 0.3 m, ndi mulifupi ndi 0.5 m.Pansi pansi pake muyenera kumasulidwa ndi pitchfork, kapena china chake chofunikira kwa wolima dimba. Izi ndikuti mupange mizu kukhala yosavuta kukula. Chotsatira, chimodzimodzi pakati, muyenera kuyika mtengo, chabwino, kapena ndodo yolimba. Kutalika kuyenera kukhala osachepera mamita 2. Kenako, mabowo okumba amayamba kudzaza ndi feteleza m'magawo. Choyamba chimabwera chidebe chanyowa, ndikofunikira kuti chovunda. Chidebe cha humus, ndowa isanachitike. Malo omwe atsalawo amadzazidwa ndi dothi wokumbidwayo.
Mukamaliza kumaliza ntchito, "zomwe zili m'mabowo omwewo zizikhala zosakanikirana." Zachidziwikire, mutha kusakaniza zosakaniza zonse muchidebe chambiri pasadakhale, koma, poyamba, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, ndipo chachiwiri, nthawi yambiri. Pambuyo pa izi, kuchokera kumtunda wotsalira, ndikofunikira kupanga mbali mozungulira.
Kupita mpaka tchire zisanu titha kubzala mu bowo limodzi, ndikofunikira kuti zikhale zamtundu womwewo. Zimayambira zimamangidwa pamtengo womwe umayendetsedwa kutsogolo.
Komanso, njirayi ndiyabwino kwambiri chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa chinyezi pamtengowo, imakhala ndi mwayi wopeza kuchokera munthaka yayikulu padziko lapansi kuposa nthawi yobzala yabwino. Nthaka yosakanizika ndi feteleza imapereka chakudya chosasokonezeka ndi michere kuti ichitike bwino. Mitundu yambiri ndi mitundu yamtundu wa phwetekere ingabzalidwe mwanjira imeneyi.
Njira ya Maslov
Nthambi za tomato zimatha kupanga mizu yatsopano, kukhala chomera chokha. Mwanjira iyi, machitidwe onse ndiofanana, koma ndi lingaliro limodzi. Mbande zimayikidwa m'nthaka ndi tsinde. Poterepa, mizu ya mbewu imalunjikitsidwa kumwera. Masamba anayi okha ayenera kutsalira pamwamba pa nthaka, pafupifupi.
Chifukwa cha njirayi, ntchito yakucha imacha mwachangu, komanso, mphukira zamtunduwu zimasandulika kukhala mbewu zodziyimira pakapita kanthawi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale lochuluka. Mwa njirayi, akatswiri a zamaluwa amalimbikitsa dongosolo la zomwe zimatchedwa kuti kukapanda kuleka.
Kutulutsa
Mkhalidwe waukulu mwa njirayi ndi mitundu yayitali ya phwetekere. Njira imalola kusinthitsa mokwanira ntchito zonse pokolola, kusamalira mbewu. Monga chithandizo, twine amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amamangirizidwa kumtunda kwa zobiriwira, kapena kumalire a msewu (ngati alipo).
Njira yaku China
Kutengera gawo la mwezi, gulu la nyenyezi la Scorpio.
Pakadali pano, kukonzekera kubzala zakuthupi ndi kubzala mbande kumachitika. Kenako, mbande zokhala ndi masentimita atatu zimadulidwa, ndikuyika yankho la Epin ndikubzalidwe mu gawo lama michere, ndikuzithirira. Phimbani ndi kapu ndikuyika m'malo amdima kwa masiku atatu. Yang'anani mtsogolo monga mbande wamba.
Ubwino wa njirayi ndiwowonjezereka wazokolola, makamaka 2 times. Zimayambira ndizakakula, zolimba kwambiri, tomato samatenga matenda.
Njira yolerera chidebe
Zotchuka kwambiri, zimakhala ndi maubwino angapo, koma sikuti zili zovuta. Ndizachuma kwambiri, kuyambira pakuwoneka malo omwe ali pamalopo, chifukwa amakulolani kusunthira mbewuyo. Madzi akumwa ndi feteleza amachepetsa, chifukwa samasungunuka m'nthaka, koma ali ndi malo ochepa. Ndi zonsezi, kukula kwa mbewu sikungachepe konse.
Zopindulitsazi zimaphatikizaponso mfundo yoti simuyenera kuthana ndi tizirombo, chifukwa sangabzala tomato mwanjira imeneyi. Choipa chosasangalatsa ndikothirira tsiku ndi tsiku. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa ndi yekhayo, ndipo siwofotokozedwa ndi zabwino za njirayi.
Njira ya Ampel
Mwa njira iyi, mtundu wina wa phwetekere umagwiritsidwa ntchito, kupereka zipatso zazing'ono, zokoma ndi zipatso. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti zimayambira zamtunduwu ndizochepa thupi, koma sikuti sizobowoka. Ndizolimba kwambiri, ndipo zimatha kutalika mpaka 1 mita. Mphukira sizimaphwanya, izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kukula kochepa komanso kulemera kwa tomato. Zokolola ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa zamtundu wamba, koma mwayi waukulu ndikuti zitha kupezeka chaka chonse. Kuphatikiza apo, ndiosavuta kumera m'nyumba. Uwu ndi mwayi wabwino kwa iwo omwe alibe gawo lina lozungulira, kapena chifukwa chodzaza, sangakwanitse, koma ndikufuna kuchita nawo ntchito yolima. Kuphatikiza apo, mtundu wamtunduwu ndi wokongoletsa kwambiri, umawoneka wokongola. Zokolola chaka chonse zimaperekedwa chifukwa cha kucha mwachangu zipatso zatsopano m'malo mwa zokolola.
Mukabzala, amafunika chisamaliro chofanana ndi tomato wamba. Wamaluwa amalimbikitsa kuwayika komwe kumakhala dzuwa, nthawi yayitali khonde ndiyabwino, nthawi yozizira - pawindo. Amafuna kuthirira pafupipafupi, pafupifupi katatu patsiku. Feteleza wachilengedwe ndi wabwino. Amakhala mumphika womwewo ndi mbewu zina. Ena amalimbikitsa kubzala Sage nawo. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muzitha kununkhira komanso kukoma kwa tomato wamkulu.
Pali mitundu ingapo ya ampelous. Onsewa ndi asanakonzekere, osati ozizira kwambiri, okonda dzuwa. Zipatso zamtunduwu ndizokoma kwambiri, koposa zonse ndimakondedwa ndi ana.
M'mbali
Koyamba, mtundu wachilendo, ngakhale wamisala wolima. Komabe, zimachitikanso, kupatula kuti zatchuka komanso kuvomerezedwa m'magulu ena a wamaluwa. Chofunikira kwambiri ndikuti mbewu yomwe imatsogozedwa kupita pansi. Amachita izi pogwiritsa ntchito bowo laling'ono mumphika momwe ulusiwo umakulungidwira. Pali zabwino zambiri, zopindulitsa kwambiri ndizosowa kwa kumangirira chitsamba, kufunikira kowombera zipatso zakupsa kutayika. Zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa okalamba, komanso anthu omwe ali ndi mavuto am'mbuyo.
Palinso "kukweza" njirayi.
Phwetekere yomwe imakhala mumphika imayikidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha yomwe idapangidwa kuti ikwaniritse chitsamba ndi mphika. Izi zimapatsa mbewu zabwino nthawi yakucha, zimachulukitsa zipatso. Komabe, izi sizoyenera mitundu ndi mitundu ya tomato yomwe imakonda kuwala kwa dzuwa.
Ma hydroponics
Njira ndi yosavuta kwambiri, komanso yotchuka kwambiri kuyambira pakati pa zaka zapitazi. Chofunika kwambiri ndikuti mphika womwe uli ndi mbewuyo umayikidwa mumphika wina. Momwe muli yankho la michere. Mumphika wokhala ndi chomera, mabowo angapo amapangidwa pansi kuti mizu ikhale ndi mwayi wothandizawu. Pakapita kanthawi, ndibwino kukhazikitsa pafupipafupi, mapoto amafunika kutulutsidwa. Izi zimachitika kuti zikuthandizire kukula kwa mizu.
Mizu ya chomera ikangodutsa m'maenje omwe apangidwapo, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa michere mu mphika 2 kuti mpweya wampweya upangidwe. Izi ndikuti mizu imakhala m'malo otentha ndipo amalandira mpweya wofunikira.
Ubwino wa njirayi ndikulimbikitsa kwakukulu kwa kukula kwa mizu, komwe kumakhudza kuwonjezeka kwa chomera chokha, ndipo chifukwa chake - zokolola.
Njira zambiri sizongopulumutsa nthawi, komanso zimapatsa mbewu yokulirapo. Zomwe zimakhudza phindu mwachilengedwe (kwa iwo omwe akukhudzidwa ndi malonda). Ngakhale mukapanda kugulitsa, mutha kupatsa tomato kwa abale ndi anzawo amitundu yonse, adzayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi tomato weniweni, watsopano, komanso waulere.
