Campsis ndi wamabodza obadwira ku North America ndi China. Chomera cha banja la Bignoniaceae chakhala chofala pakati pa olima dimba ngati maluwa okongoletsera chifukwa chosadzichulukitsa komanso mawonekedwe apadera a inflorescence. Dzina lina lamsasa ndi bignonia.
Kufotokozera kwa Campisis
Mtengo wosalala wowonda umatha kukula mpaka mamita 15. Mphukira zazing'ono zimakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira, wokhala ndi zaka, liana limakhala lolimba pansi, ndikupeza mthunzi wotchuka wa burgundy. Mitengo yaying'ono yamtunda imapezeka kutalika konse kwa mbewuyo. Mwa izi, mizu ya mlengalenga yochokera kumisasawo imayambira, ma petioles, omwe amafikira zazikulu, masamba amiyala 8-10 ophimbidwa ndi sera wamasamba amawonekera pa iliyonse.
Mbali yokhotakhota ya tsamba la ellipsoid imakhala ndi mitsempha yambiri pomwe pamakhala mawonekedwe. Maluwa ndi a tubular, nthawi zambiri amakhala ofiira, ofiira kapena achikasu, pafupifupi masamba 5-8, osanunkhiza.
Chipatsocho ndi chipika cholimba chofika mpaka 8-10 cm, chokhala ndi njere zambiri zofiirira. Mizu yake imakhazikika bwino, imakula zonse mozama komanso mozungulira makampasi, ndikukhala malo akulu.
Mitundu ndi mitundu yamisasa yokonza
Pali mitundu ingapo ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bignonia yomwe imawaza pamalopo.
| Onani | Kufotokozera |
| Chachikulu maluwa (achi China) | Mpesa waukulu wosalala kapena chitsamba chopanda mizu, kupendekera mochulukirapo komanso kupota chozungulira. Kukonda kutentha, kulekerera bwino. Masamba ndi okwera, akuwoneka kumapeto, obiriwira amdima, osati pubescent, 6-8 cm kutalika. Maluwa ndi akulu, mpaka 9 masentimita, atapakidwa utoto wofiirira wofiirira wokhala ndi utoto wagolide. |
| Zophatikiza | Yaitali, mpaka 8 m, liana yokhala ndi nthambi zambiri zosalala. Sikuopa chisanu, kukongoletsa kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe. Masamba ndi ovoid, oyipa, okhala ndi m'mphepete mwamphimba, chakuya chobiriwira, pafupifupi masamba 7-10 pa petiole. Maluwa akuluakulu a tubular, pamakhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yapinki wachikasu ndi wosefukira. |
| Yozika mizu | Yokhala ndi nthambi zam'maso, zotsika pansi, zokhala ndi mizu yambiri ndi mipesa. Ogonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, amatha kupulumuka mpaka -20 ° C. Masamba ake ndi akuda, achikopa, okhala ndi ubweya wonyezimira komanso m'mphepete mwake, wobiriwira. Maluwa ndi apakati, mpaka 7 cm, utoto-wofiirira kapena wofiirira wokhala ndi tint wagolide. Mitunduyi ndi yofalikira kumadera akumwera kwa Russia. |
| Flamenco | Osakhalitsa liana 2-5 m kutalika, nthambi kwambiri, amakhala ndi malo akulu kuzungulira. Masamba owoneka ngati ovota ali ndi mitsempha yambiri, zidutswa za 7-10 pa petiole, m'mbali mwake ndi ser serated, ili moyang'anana. Mbale zamtundu wamtundu wamtundu wamitundu yamitundu, zofiirira, zofiirira. Kalasi yolimbana ndi chisanu. |
| Flava | Waukulu wopendekera kwambiri mpaka 7 m wamtali. Ili ndi mizu yopangidwa bwino mlengalenga yomwe imapereka zomatira zolimba pakuthandizira. Masamba ndi obiriwira owala, 7-15 cm, okhala ndi m'mbali pang'ono. Maluwa okhala ndi mawonekedwe ochita kutalika amafika masentimita 5, lalanje-lalanje kapena golide ofiira ndi kapeti yoyera. Hardy yozizira. Imatha kupilira chisanu mpaka -20 ° C. |
Mukadzala malo m'misasa yapakati
Bignonia imalimbana ndi chisanu chozizira komanso chosayembekezereka chomwe sichikhala nthawi yayitali. Mitundu ina imatha kupirira madontho a kutentha -20 ° C, koma osathamanga ndi kubzala panthaka. Imalekerera bwino kubzala mu kanjira apakati, makamaka m'chigawo cha Moscow, chifukwa kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa Meyi ndi koyenera, pomwe dothi latentheza kale komanso kuthekera kwa chisanu chosayembekezereka ndikochepa.
Sikoyenera kubzala zamabodza nthawi yotentha, singatenge mizu ndikufa chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa madzi m'thupi. Muyenera kusankha tsiku lanyengo yotentha, yopanda mvula komanso mphepo yamphamvu.
Kubzala Campsis kunja
Popeza kampsis amakhala zaka makumi angapo, zibzalidwe mu yophukira kapena masika. Zadziwika kuti kubzala kumapeto kwa Seputembala kumakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa liana, chifukwa pafupifupi zonse zokhudzana ndi chilengedwe chake zimawonedwa: mpweya wambiri ndi nthaka, nyengo yotentha, ndi mvula yachilengedwe. Kuti chodzalacho chithandizike bwino komanso kuti chomera chiziizika mizu mwachangu, muyenera kuchita izi:
- Dzenje la bignonia likuyenera kukumbidwa masabata 1-2 asanachotsedwe.
- Dziwani zosaposa 40 masentimita, potengera zaka ndi kukula kwa mmera.
- Dawo lozungulira liyenera kukhala 40-60 cm.
- Weyani dengalo mozungulira mabedi amaluwa ndi kumasula dothi.
- Onjezerani feteleza (nitrogenous, phosphoric kapena potashi) feteleza ndi peat, kompositi.
- Ngati dothi ndi lolemera komanso lodzaza, ndikofunikira kukonza thonje, thonje losweka, mtedza ndi zipolopolo za mazira, zomwe ziyenera kuyikidwa pansi.
- Ndikofunika kusankha zodula zopanda masamba kuti mubzale.
- Ikani ndendezo pakatikati pa dzenje ndikuwonjezera dothi kuti khosi la mizu limatuluka panthaka masentimita 8-10.
- Mukadzaza, mmera uyenera kugwedezeka pang'ono kuti mudzaze.
- Mizu ya mbewuyo ikhale pamtunda, imapatsa zigawo zambiri.
- Sungani dothi mosamala popanda kuwononga mizu, mosamala madzi.
- Bignonia imafunika kuthandizidwa, motero ndikofunikira kupereka bedi la maluwa ndi mtengo kapena mzati wa moss.
Kusamalira Makampu
Campsis ndiwosasamala posamalira ndipo safuna maluso apaderadera polima, chifukwa chake, zinthu zina ziyenera kutsatiridwa kuti duwa limakula bwino ndikukondweretsa diso ndi inflorescence yake.
| Parameti | Zochitika |
| Malo / Kuwala | Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuyika mabedi az maluwa pafupi ndi mawindo a malo okhala, chifukwa timadzi tating'ono ta maluwa a bignonia amakopa tizilombo tambiri, kuphatikizapo njuchi, mavu ndi ma hornets. M'pofunikanso kuganizira mawonekedwe a mizu: imatha kuwononga nyumba zamiyala kapena mpanda, kotero malo a Campus amabzalidwa pamtunda wocheperako. Ndiwosangalatsa, koma imatha kumera pang'ono mombaka pansi pa denga. Patsamba la kulimidwa kwake, mbali yakumwera kapena kumwera chakum'mawa ndi yabwino. |
| Kutentha | Wokonda kutentha komanso kugwa chisanu, amatha kupirira chisanu mpaka -20 ... -25 ° C, komabe, akangozizira pang'onopang'ono popanda chitetezo chapadera amatha kufa. Limamasula ndi nthambi zabwino kwambiri nyengo yotentha pa + 20 ... +28 ° C. M'madera omwe nthawi yozizira imakhala yozizira kwambiri kapena kusintha kwa kutentha kwapafupipafupi, sikuzu mizu bwino, kusiya maluwawa ndipo kumwalira posachedwa. |
| Kuthirira | Nthawi zonse, makamaka mokwanira pamasiku otentha. Ngati palibe mvula kwa nthawi yayitali, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera pafupipafupi ndikuwatsuka masamba ndi petioles, kupewa kukhudzana ndi maluwa. Bignonia imatha kupulumuka chilala kwakanthawi, koma osasiya chomera popanda chinyezi, pena chimawuma ndikufa. Ndikofunikanso kuonetsetsa kuti madziwo samayenda ndipo amakwiriridwa m'nthaka. Pakalibe madzi, ngalande zochulukirapo zitha kupangidwa kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka ndi matenda akumisasa omwe ali ndi mabakiteriya oyipa. |
| Mavalidwe apamwamba | Pafupifupi palibe chifukwa. Ngati, mutabzala, dothi linaphatikizidwa ndi organic kanthu (kompositi, humus, singano) ndikuwonjezera peat, mchenga, phulusa, utuchi kapena khungubwe lamakala, ndiye kuti simungadandaule za feteleza. Munthawi yamasamba ndikuyamba maluwa, gwiritsani ntchito ma mineral complexes kapena mavalidwe azomera zam'munda. |
| Dothi | Osalemekeza, koma amakhalapo bwino amakhalanso ndi magawo ena a mchere. Komanso, ngati bignonia itasanduka chikaso kapena kuzimiririka, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera phindu la dothi powonjezera peat, mchenga, phulusa, utuchi, singano, humus kapena kompositi. Nthawi ndi nthawi, muyenera kumasula gawo lapansi, kotero kuti mpweya wambiri umalowera pansi pamizu ndikuchotsa udzu pamsongole. |
| Kudulira | Nthawi ndi nthawi. Chapakatikati chotsani mphukira zouma ndi zakufa, pochotsa zigawo ndi sinamoni. Pambuyo pake, m'malo mwake azidzawoneka zazing'ono, zowonda komanso zowuma. M'pofunikanso kuchotsa masamba azilala ndi zoperewera. Dulani mbali zodwala za mbewu mwachangu. Chakumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, chisanu chisanachitike, onetsetsani kuti malo opitilira sitipitilira gawo lomwe analipereka, kudula nthambi zowonjezera. |
| Zisanu | Ndikofunika kuyamba kukonzekera kuyambira kumapeto kwa Seputembala, isanayambike kuzizira kwambiri. Phimbani dothi ndi mizu yakunja ndi wosanjikiza masamba, humus, singano, utuchi ndi nthambi za spruce. Kukulani tsinde pamodzi ndi mipesa yokhala ndi wandiweyani wapulasitiki kapena lutrasil. Mutha kuphimbanso pamwamba ndi pansi popanda kuwononga mphukira. Ngati kuli kotheka kupindika nthambi za zamabowo m'nthaka, mutha kuchotsa chithandizo ndikuzaza bignonia ndi masamba okugwa, nthambi za spruce. |
Kufalitsa kampu
Bignonia nthawi zambiri imafalitsidwa m'njira ziwiri: moolowa manja komanso mwakukula. Njira zonsezi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi alimi, kutengera nyengo ndi nthawi ya chaka. Chifukwa chake, kudula kumachitika bwino mu June:
- Choyamba, pendani misasa ya anthu akuluakulu ndikusankha kudula ndi masamba 2-4 athanzi kuchokera pakati penipocho.
- Chitani pansi pa mphukira ndi muzu wopangira njira.
- Sankhani malo omera ndi dothi lolemera. Onjezani peat ndi mchenga pansi.
- Kudula mwachangu mizu ndikuyamba kukula mwachangu, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito Maximarin.
- Masulani malo ozungulira ma kampu achichepere ndi udzu kapena khungwa lamtengo.
Ngati phesi lafota, liyenera kudulidwa kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa Marichi-Epulo, ndipo njira zoyenera zobzala zizichitika.
Njira ina - kuyika:
- Dulani mphukira yomwe ili pafupi kwambiri ndi nthaka kapena mutagona nayo ndi mpeni wofufuzira.
- Nyowetsani dothi bwino ndi kukumba dzenjelo, kutengera kukula kwa mphukirowo, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a malowo liyenera kukhala mobisa.
- Ikani mphukira panthaka ya peaty, ndikuwapatsa madzi.
- Mizu yanu imayamba kupanga msanga ndipo potsatira masika omalizira amathanso kuikidwira kumalo osankhidwa padera.
Chifukwa cha mizu yayitali yopangidwa bwino, njira ina imasiyanitsidwa - kufalikira kwa mizu:
- Mizu yokwezedwa iyenera kupendedwa mosamala, pa iwo nthawi ndi nthawi mphukira zimawonekera.
- Asanakhale mphindi yogwira ntchito ndikukula kwa mphukira, iyenera kudulidwa pamodzi ndi gawo la mizu. Ngati yatalika kwambiri, mutha kupatula nthambi zowonjezera.
- Patsamba, sankhani bedi lamaluwa ndi gawo lokonzekeratu ndi ngalande.
- Kumbani dzenje kuti mizu ikhale mobisa.
- Madzi okwanira ndikuthira dothi ndi feteleza wophatikiza, kotero tumphuka limasinthasintha mwachangu ndikukula.
Mbeu za Bignonia zitha kugulidwa ku malo ogulitsira kapena kusungidwa pamanja kuchokera ku kucha wakucha. Amathandizira mbande kumayambiriro kwa masika.
- Sankhani zida zingapo zokhala ndi dothi lopanda michere.
- Osazama mwakuya (pafupifupi 0.5 cm) ndikuthirira madzi osachedwa.
- Konzani malo obiriwira: sungani kutentha osati kutsika + 23 ... +25 ° C, ikani miphika pamalo abwino owunikira osakonzeka ndi madzi nthawi zonse. Kanemayo sangagwiritsidwe ntchito.
- Pakatha mwezi umodzi, mphukira zoyambirira zidzawonekera. Osasintha zikumera.
- Mphukira zikakulirakulira ndipo masamba 5-6 athanzi nkukula paiwo, makamuwo amatha kuwagulitsanso panja.
A Dachnik akufotokozera: chifukwa chomwe misasa siyikhala pachimake
Ambiri olima dimba amakumana ndi vutoli. Ngati bignonia itachotsedwa pambewu, ndiye kuti chomera chimaphukira koyamba pokhapokha zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, motero ndichopanga kwambiri kufalitsa bwino.
Pamene cherenkovaniyu liana amayamba masamba kwa zaka 3-4. Komabe, njira yachitukuko imatha kupitilizidwa mwa kuphatikiza manyowa nthawi zonse ndikusunga thanzi la gawo lapansi.
Chifukwa china choperewera kwamaluwa kumatha kukhala matenda kapena matenda osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha chisamaliro cholakwika kapena matenda ochokera ku mbewu zina. Tizilombo touluka, tikuchepetsa mphamvu ya bignonia, sikuwonanso maluwa ake, komanso ndikuwopseza kukula kwa mpesa.
Kuphatikiza apo, chisamaliro chosayenera, chomwe ndi kutentha kwambiri, chimapangitsa maluwa kukhala osatheka. Ndikofunikira kuteteza makampu ku chisanu ndi nyengo yozizira, ndikuphimba ndi pansi kwapadera. Zolemba pafupipafupi zimalepheretsa kucha, patapita nthawi, ngati siziletsedwa, mbewuyo imatha kudwala. Osadikirira pachimake pa bignonia kumadera omwe kuli nyengo yozizira, pomwe mpweya suwotha ndi +20 ° C.
Campsis tizirombo ndi matenda
Bignonia imadziwika ndi kukana kwambiri matenda osiyanasiyana ndi tizirombo. Chomera sichitha kuwonetsa matendawa kwa nthawi yayitali, koma ngati makamu akadali odwala, njira zoyenera ziyenera kuchitidwa.
| Kuwonetsera | Chifukwa | Njira yothetsera |
| Kufewetsa pepalalo, limasandulika. Petioles ndi zimayambira zimakhala zakuda. | Bacterial (yonyowa) zowola. Zimachitika chifukwa cha kusayenda kwa madzi kapena matenda. | Chitani ndi yankho la madzi ndi sopo wa phula, dulani malo onse owola ndikukhazikitsanso dothi. Chepetsani kuchuluka kwa kuthirira ndi nthawi 2, konzani ngalande zowonjezera. |
| Mawonekedwe a bulauni ndi imvi okhala ndi malo ofiirira, otambalala ndi owononga m'misasa. | Kukonda kwachinyengo. | Konzekerani mayankho:
Komanso chololeza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala: Purebloom, Skor, Diskor, Keeper. |
| Masamba amakhala ndi utoto wokongola, mawanga achikasu ndi kutukwana. Zipatso sizimawoneka, maluwa atha kusiya. | Matenda a ma virus. | Chotsani zikumera zomwe zakhudzidwa, gwiritsani ntchito feteleza wapadera pogwiritsa ntchito mkuwa. Ngati mbewuyo yawonongeka kwathunthu, iyenera kukumbidwa pamodzi ndi mtanda wa dothi kuti matenda asafalikire. |
| Tizilombo tambiri Green 0.5,5,5 cm, tamatata masamba, masamba mbale ndi mphukira zazing'ono. Kusintha kwamasamba kumachitika. | Ma nsabwe. | Pali njira zingapo zomenyera:
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