Philodendron ndi chomera chobiriwira ku South America. Woimira uyu wa banja la Aroid amafalitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi. Tsopano ma philodendrons amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maluwa amkati.
Kufotokozera kwa Philodendron
Ili ndi masamba akulu obiriwira, omwe mawonekedwe ake amatha kukhala owotcha, owoneka pamtima, ozungulira, kapena owongola mivi. Pesi ndi wandiweyani, wokonda kuchokera pansi. Kutengera ndi mtunduwu, mizu ya pansi panthaka komanso ya mlengalenga imapezeka yomwe imathandizira ma epiphytes angagwirizane ndi mbewu ina.
Kukula kwa philodendron kumakhala kofanana ndi kachiyero kakang'ono kwambiri, pamwamba pake kamakhala khasu (lalitali). Zipatso ndi zipatso zazing'ono zapoizoni zokhala ndi njere.
Mitundu yotchuka ya philodendron
Mitundu ya ma philodendrons imaphatikizapo pafupifupi mitundu 900, koma ena mwa iwo ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbewu zapakhomo. Oimira onse ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mtundu wa inflorescence, komabe, amasiyana mawonekedwe a tsamba, kukula kwa tsinde ndi mawonekedwe ena.
Onani | Kufotokozera | Masamba |
Kukwera | Masentimita 200. Hafu epiphyte, yambiri ya moyo imakula ngati mtengo wamphesa. | 20-30 masentimita, ofiira, velvety. Amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mtima. |
Kupukuta | 150-180 masentimita. Tsinde ndi mpesa wopanda nthambi, wopindika kuchokera pansi. | Atakwezedwa, kuloza kumapeto. 25c cm, 10-18 cm mulifupi. Ma maroon ataliatali. |
Atomu | Zochepa, zimakhala ndi shrubby. | Kufikira mpaka 30 cm, chonyezimira, kupsa. Wobiriwira wakuda, wopindika pang'ono, wokhala ndi m'mbali mwa wavy. |
Wokhala ngati gitala | Liana 200c wamtali. | Masentimita 20 mpaka 35. Wokhala ndi mtima wokhazikika mpaka kumapeto. Masamba akuluakulu amafanana ndi gitala bwino. |
Warty | Epiphyte wapakatikati akusowa thandizo. | Wobiriwira wakuda wokhala ndi tintentu wamkuwa, wojambula pamtima. 20-25 masentimita. Sinewy. Pa petioles ndizabwino. |
Mawonekedwe | Mpesa wautali wokulira mpaka 500 cm. | 35-45 masentimita .. Amtundu wonyezimira, wobiriwira wokhala ndi tint acid. Popita nthawi, m'mphepete mwake mumakhala matope. |
Sello | Chomera ngati chitsamba chamtengo, 100-300 cm. | Kufikira 90 cm, 60-70 cm mulifupi. Zovuta zazikulu zopindika. |
Xandou | Ground, stalk dzanzi. Imafika pamiyeso ikuluikulu. | Kuzungulira, kukhala ndi mawonekedwe. Mtundu wobiriwira, wonyezimira. |
Cobra | Compact theka epiphyte. | 14-25 masentimita. Mtundu wokongoletsa, wokongoletsa. |
Burgundy | Chigoba chaching'ono cholimba. | Kutalika kwa 10-15 masentimita, 8-25 cm m'lifupi. Wobiriwira wakuda ndi burgundy shimmer. Wogundidwa mpaka kumapeto, ellipsoidal. |
White Marble | Pakatikati, shrubby kapena epiphytic. | Oval, okwera pang'ono okhala ndi malekezero osaloledwa. Atsikana amtundu wa maroon. Chophimbidwa ndi madontho oyera. |
Goldie | Mpesa wophatikiza wophatikizana ndi mizu yolimba, umafunika kuthandizidwa. | Kuwala, ndi tint yoyera. Wokodzedwa, sinewy, matte. |
Jungle Boogie | Hafu yolimba-epiphyte yokhala ndi phesi lamatenda. | Kutalika, kudula kwakukulu, kubiriwira kwakuda, nsonga yolowako. |
Varshevich | Yaikulu yobiriwira nthawi zonse theka-epiphyte ndi nthambi mphukira. | Ochepera, obiriwira opepuka, ang'ono kukula. Cirrus anasiya. |
Magnificum | Kukula kwapakatikati, tsinde lobiriwira lakuda. Mizu yake ndi yayitali masentimita 10. | Mawonekedwe onenepa, okhathamira, okhala ndi mbali zokutira, mawonekedwe. |
Ivy | Kukula tsinde lakuthwa ndi mizu yayitali ya bulauni. | 15-30 cm.Mtunda, wowoneka wamtima, wobiriwira wakuda, wachikopa. |
Wodala | Long epiphytic liana, wolimba m'munsi. | 40-60 cm, lobed, chonyezimira, wokutidwa ndi sera wokutira. |
Zoyipa | Epiphytic kapena theka-epiphytic chomera chaching'ono. | 15-20 masentimita, kutalika kwa 10-15 cm. Mawonekedwe amasintha ndi zaka kuchokera ku ellipsoidal kupita patali. |
Jellyfish | Burgundy tsinde, yaying'ono, odzikuza posamalira. | Wobiriwira wopepuka ndi maolivi wokhala ndi tint ya amber. Glossy. |
Mediopikta | Compact theka epiphyte. | Osiyanasiyana, emarodi, okwera mpaka kumapeto. |
Zabwino | Chomera chachikulu chokhala ndi phesi. | Kutalika kwa 45-50 cm. Zachikulu, zobiriwira zowala, zimakhala ndi mabala okuya. |
Chisamaliro cha Philodendron
Kuti philodendron ikule bwino, iyenera kusamalidwa bwino.
Choyimira | Chilimwe cha masika | Kugwa nthawi yachisanu |
Malo | Kuyika chakum'mawa kapena chakumadzulo kwa chipindacho, komwe kumakhala dzuwa. | Musaike poto pafupi ndi zida zotenthetsera. Chotsani kuthekera kwa kukonzekera. |
Kuthirira | Zokondeka. Nthaka sikuyenera kupukuta; dongo lizikhala lonyowa. | Ngati malo abwino amakhalapo, khalani okhazikika. Pa masiku ozizira musamwe madzi. |
Chinyezi | 60-70%. Utsi wamaluwa masiku onse awiri, ngati chipindacho chili chotentha, onjezerani pafupipafupi 2 pa tsiku. Pukuta masamba ndi nsalu yonyowa. | Kupatula kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa pa kutentha kochepa, apo ayi mbewuyo ivunda. Koma ngati mpweya wuma kwambiri, ikani chinyontho kapena chidebe chamadzi pafupi ndi mphika. |
Kutentha | + 22 ... +28 ° ะก, kupuma pafupipafupi ndikofunikira, kumathandizanso kutentha kwapamwamba ndi chinyezi choyenera. | Sayenera kugwa pansi pa +15 ° C, apo ayi mbewuyo ikafa. |
Kuwala | Zisowa zowala, koma sizimalola dzuwa kuwongolera. | Onjezerani masana pogwiritsa ntchito phytolamp. |
Kusankha kwa kachulukidwe ndi dothi, malamulo a kupatsirana
Kukula kwake kuyenera kutengedwa kwakukulu ndikuzama, popeza dongosolo la kavalo la philodendron ndi lalitali ndipo lili ndi nthambi zingapo, ndikofunikira kupanga mabowo otulutsa madzi kuti atumphepo kwambiri.
Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito gawo limodzi la ma orchid ndi kuphatikizika kwa peat, kapena kukonzekera nokha: makala, masingano, mchenga, peat, perlite ndi dothi loyera losakanizika palimodzi. Kuti mupeze zakudya zochuluka, kuwaza ndi ufa wamfupa kapena tchipisi cha nyanga.
Ngati philodendron ali mwana, ayenera m'malo mwake kamodzi pachaka, kwa akulu akulu, kamodzi pachaka 3-4 ndikokwanira. Mizu ikangoyamba kuonekera kuchokera m'maenje okumbamo madzi, ndikofunikira kuyamba kukonzekera chidebe chatsopano chokwanira.
- Ikani ngalande (thovu la polystyrene, dongo lotukulidwa) pansi pamphika.
- Onjezani dothi losakaniza.
- Chotsani chomeracho pachidebe kuti muwononge mizu.
- Ikani philodendron pakati ndikusachotsa chithandizo, ngati chilipo.
- Onjezani otsala a gawo lapansi ndi madzi mosamala kuti nthaka ikhazikike ndikudzazidwa ndi chinyezi.
- Khosi la mizu sifunikira kuzama.
Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira yosinthira:
- Ndi mpeni, gawanani nthaka ndi m'mphepete mwa mphikawo.
- Kwezani philodendron muchombo ndi dothi.
- Sinthani mbewuyo mumphika watsopano wokonzedwa.
- Onjezani dothi ndi madzi mosamala.
Mapangidwe, thandizo
Kuti mupange korona wokongola, muyenera kudula masamba ndi nthambi zouma nthawi zonse. Chitani izi m'malimwe ndi nthawi yachilimwe popanda kuwononga mbali za mbewu.
Thandizo likufunika kwa mitundu ya epiphytic yomwe imafunikira kupereka kutukutukuka. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito thunthu la mbewa, mitundu yambiri, mitengo yayikulu kapena khoma lonyowa.
Kuthirira, kuvala pamwamba
Kuthengo, philodendron amakula mosinthika kwakanthawi: mvula ndi chilala. Zipinda sizikhala ndi chinyontho chotere, komabe, kuthirira kuyenera kuchitika molingana ndi nyengo.
Mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, mbewuyo singathiridwe madzi pafupipafupi, ndikokwanira kuti nthaka isayime.
Gawo lapansi liyenera kukhala lonyowa nthawi zonse. Yabwino-yozizira iyenera kuchepetsedwa ndikuchitika pokhapokha atayanika theka la nthaka.
Ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti dothi silimawuma, apo ayi philodendron adzafa.
Dyetsani ndi feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni, phosphorous kapena potashi feteleza nthawi imodzi mu masabata awiri nthawi yachilimwe-nthawi yachilimwe, nthawi 1 pamwezi kumapeto kwa dzinja. Chepetsani kugwiriridwa kwa yankho ndi 20% kuchokera kwa omwe akuwonetsedwa mu malangizo. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito zolengedwa monga ma singano, makungwa a mitengo, utuchi, nyemba.
Kubwezeretsa kwa Philodendron
Philodendron amafalikira m'njira ziwiri: ndi mbewu komanso mwakukula. Koma kubzala mbewu kunyumba sikumangochitika, chifukwa chomeracho sichimakonda sichimadziyambitsa.
Njira yachiwiri imachitika mu nthawi yachilimwe-chilimwe.
- Dulani mphukira ndi ma 2 internodes ndi mpeni woyera.
- Malo odulidwa amachiritsidwa ndi makala.
- Konzani chidebe ndi gawo lapansi la mchere.
- Pangani mabowo ang'onoang'ono munthaka ndikuyika zodula pamenepo. Gawo lobiriwira liyenera kukhala pamwamba.
- Pangani kutentha kwa malo obiriwira: kupaka dothi nthawi zonse, kuphimba chidebe ndi filimu, kukonza zowala, kutentha kwa chipinda ndi mpweya wabwino kamodzi patsiku.
- Pambuyo pa masiku 20-25, ikani chomera mu chidebe chokhazikika ndi dothi lopangidwa kale ndi mabowo.
Zolakwika mu Philodendron Care
Zizindikiro Mawonekedwe pamasamba | Chifukwa | Njira kukonza |
Tembenukani chikasu ndikuwuma. | Kuperewera kwa mchere, kuwongolera dzuwa, mpweya wowuma. | Kuchulukitsa kuthirira ndikuchita khungu la philodendron. |
Mawonekedwe owonekera. | Chesa | Ikani mbewuyo pamthunzi komanso pachikuto. Utsi pafupipafupi. |
Mizu yake ivunda. | Kuchulukitsa kwa nthaka, chinyezi chambiri, matenda oyamba ndi fungus. | Poyamba, sinthani nthaka ndi makungwa. Kachiwiri, sinthani maboma amakhathamiritsa. Physan itithandiza polimbana ndi bowa. |
Zokalamba. | Mphepo imazizira kapena chinyezi. | Sinthani chinyezi kukhala pafupifupi 70%. Muzisunga kutentha. |
Philodendron sikukula. Tembenukani. | Kukhumudwa kwa gawo lapansi. | Onjezerani chovala chapamwamba kapena chogwirizira philodendron mu nthaka yatsopano yopanga michere. |
Mawanga achikasu pamtunda. | Kuwala kwakeko kwambiri. | Shani kapena sunthani mbewuyo kumadzulo kwa chipindacho. |
Matenda, tizirombo ta philodendron
Zizindikiro | Chifukwa | Njira kukonza |
Mizu imavunda, utoto wakuda ukuwonekera. Mphukira ndi masamba onse afota. | Bakiteriya zowola. | Dulani mbali zonse zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi mbewu, gwiritsani ntchito malo omwe adadulidwa ndi Fitosporin. Mutasintha nthaka ndikuthira mchere mumphika. N`zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito tetracycline (1 g pa lita). |
Madontho akuda amawonekera kunja kwa masamba. Tsinde nthawi zambiri limakutidwa ndi mikwingwirima ya bulauni. | Kuwonongeka kwa viral. | Matendawa samathandizidwa. Muyenera kuchotsa chomera kuti chisadutse maluwa ena. |
Zikumera zimafa, masamba amasalala. | Chotchinga. | Gwiritsani ntchito Permethrin, Bi 58, Phosphamide, Methyl mercaptophos kapena yankho la sopo. |
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tambiri padziko masamba, tsinde. Philodendron amwalira. | Ma nsabwe. | Tincture wa mandimu, Intavir, Actofit. |
Tsinde ndi masamba adakutidwa ndi tsamba loyera lakuda. | Spider mite. | Madzi nthawi zonse, gwiritsani ntchito Neoron, Omayt, Fitoverm malinga ndi malangizo. |
Kuwala kwa wax ndi mawanga oyera pamasamba. | Mealybug. | Chotsani mbali zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi duwa, chotsani tizilombo, chithandani ndi Actara, Mospilan, Actellik kapena Calypso. |
A Dachnik akufotokoza: maubwino ndi zovulaza za philodendron
Madzi a Philodendron ndi oopsa ndipo pakhungu, amayambitsa kukwiya. Chifukwa chake, ndi chomera chiyenera kugwira ntchito nthawi zonse ndi magolovesi. Koma duwa lilinso ndi zofunikira: chifukwa cha masamba ake ambiri, limayeretsa mpweya ndikuwathandizira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriya oyipa.