Osati kale kwambiri, zipatso zosowa zambiri sizikudziwika kwa anthu a m'dziko lathu: sanatchulidwe dzina kapena mawonekedwe. Masiku ano, masitolo amagulitsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zosowa. Komabe, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi chidwi cholima dimba komanso kukula mkati mwa maluwa akufuna kubzala mbewu zomwe sizimakula munthawi yathu yachilengedwe, kunyumba kapena kudzikoli. Chimodzi mwazomera zotere ndi feijoa. Zinafika kuti mtengo wakum'mwerawu umapulumuka mwathunthu, koma kunyumba.
Kufotokozera kwa feijoa
Feijoa ndi tchire kapena mtengo wawung'ono womwe umalimidwa m'malo opezeka munthaka komanso otentha. Zokhudza banja la a Mirtov. Mtengowo ndi wamtchire, wopezeka makamaka ku South America. Mwa kusankha kwa nthawi yayitali, mitundu yamkati yomwe imatha kubzala kunyumba pazenera nawonso idasanjidwa.
Feijoa ali ndi masamba owala, ochokera pamwambapa ndi osalala, obiriwira amtundu wakuda, kuchokera pansi - imvi, yokutidwa ndi fluff. Maluwa amatha kumera payekhapayekha, awiriawiri kapena kusungidwa mu inflorescence kuchokera pazidutswa zingapo. Ziphuphu ndizoyera pamphepete, pinki pafupi ndi pakati, pali zodandaula zambiri.
Chipatso cha feijoa ndi mabulosi, abwino kwambiri komanso amtundu, wokutidwa ndi peel (mitundu kuyambira chikasu mpaka zobiriwira zakuda). Kukoma kwawo kumakumbutsa nthawi yomweyo zinanazi, kiwi ndi sitiroberi wamtchire.
Zipatso za Feijoa zimakhala ndi shuga ambiri othandiza, ma organic acid. Ndiwoderanso ayodini, womwe umapezeka kwambiri. Zowona, asayansi apeza kuti zomwe zatsatiridwa ndi zofunikirazi zimadalira kwambiri momwe zinthu zikukula. Feijoa yokha yomwe imamera pafupi ndi nyanja yomwe imatha kudzitamandira kuchuluka kwa ayodini. Komanso zipatso zambiri ascorbic ndi malic acid, pectin, fiber. Zinapezeka kuti zimakhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimalepheretsa carcinogeneis. Chofunika kwambiri pamenepa ndi peel, yomwe nthawi zambiri samadyedwa.
Osamadya feijoa pachakudya cha iwo omwe salimbana ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangika.
Mitundu yokwanira yazakudya zosavuta mu zipatso zimatha kuvulaza anthu onenepa kwambiri a digiri yachiwiri kapena zingapo, komanso odwala matenda ashuga.
Chisamaliro cha Feijoa kunyumba
Kulera feijoa mu nyengo ya Russia sikovuta kwambiri, koma chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa.
Kutentha
M'nyengo yachilimwe, nthawi yakukula, amafunika + 20 ... +25 ° C. Mbale yamaluwa imatha kutulutsidwira pakhonde kapena kuyikapo panja, koma m'malo otetezedwa.
Feijoa safuna kutentha kwambiri nthawi yozizira; imatha kusungidwa mozungulira +15 ° C. Zadziwika kuti zitsamba zamtchire komanso zolimidwa zimatha kulekerera kutentha mpaka -10 ° C. Koma kuvumbulutsa maluwa amkati mwazinthu zochuluka choncho sikofunika.
Kuwala
Malo obadwira a feijoa ndi malo omwe amakhala, komwe kumakhala dzuwa, kutentha kwambiri ndi chinyezi. Chomera chamkati chimafunikira kupatsidwa nyali zokwanira: ndikwabwino kuyiyika pawindo kuchokera pomwe dzuwa lawonekera kapena kupita nalo mumsewu pamalo abwino.
Ngati kulibe dzuwa lokwanira kwa iye, akhoza kufota kapena kufa. Mu feijoa yozizira, kuunikira kowonjezereka kumafunikira kuti kuwonjezera nthawi masana.
Dothi
Zofunikira za nthaka sizokwera kwambiri, komabe, kuti mukule bwino ndikukula, mukufunikirabe kukonzekera gawo lapadera la feijoa.
Muli mulingo woyenera kwambiri wa 6: 4: 1: 1, motere:
- dziko la turf;
- humus;
- mchenga:
- manyowa okhwima.
Kukula nthangala zapakhomo kumafunika kukonzekeretsa dothi losiyana pang'ono. Kuti mbewu zimere bwino, ziyenera kubzalidwa munthaka yotsatira (gawo 2: 2: 1, motsatira):
- peat;
- pepala lapansi;
- mchenga.
Kuthirira
M'madera otentha, makamaka m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi nyanja zamchere, pamakhala chinyezi chambiri mlengalenga. Chifukwa chake, m'nyumba feijoa imafunanso chinyezi chambiri komanso kuthirira yambiri. Ngati chipindacho chili chouma kwambiri, chimayamba kusiya masamba, kuwuma, ndipo mwina kufa kwathunthu.
M'nyengo yotentha, imayenera kuthiriridwa madzi pafupipafupi, osalola kuti nthaka iume. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kupopera utsi nthawi zonse pa feijoa kuchokera pamfuti yopopera. Mchipinda chomwe paphiripo mumayikidwa, mutha kuyikamo zotengera zingapo ndi madzi kapena kuyika chofunda chapadera.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Nthawi yakula, feijoa imafunikira zakudya zapadera. Mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, ziyenera kupangidwa nthawi 1 m'masabata awiri, masiteji. Onse feteleza ndi michere yofunika. Choyamba, dothi liyenera kuvomerezedwa ndi kavalidwe kazotchedwa nitrogen kochokera kumtunda (mbalame zitosi kapena mullein), mutatha masabata awiri gwiritsani ntchito potashi (mwachitsanzo, phulusa la nkhuni), ndipo itatha nthawi yomweyo - superphosphate. Nthawi iliyonse, feteleza ayenera kuthira pambuyo kuthirira.
Thirani ndi kudulira
Chomera chosakwanitsa zaka zitatu chimafuna kuti ndikwaniritse kamodzi pachaka. Duwa lakale liyenera kudulidwa ngati pakufunika, pakatha zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu. Nthawi iliyonse ndikofunikira kutenga zochulukirapo kuti mizu yake ipange momasuka. A feijoa sifunikira kuti munthu amuike kwathunthu: amatha kuisamutsa mosamala pamodzi ndi mtanda wa dothi kuchokera pamphika wina kupita pa wina. Popeza gawo lazomera limakhala losalimba, ndibwino kuti mupange zinthu zina ndi thandizo la munthu wina.
Kuti mkati mwa feijoa wosangalatsa m'maso, korona wake ayenera kukonzedwa bwino.
Kupangidwa kwa mtengo wokhazikika si nkhani yophweka. Sitampu ndi mbiya yopangidwa mwaluso yokhala ndi korona wa mawonekedwe okongola. Nthambi zowonjezera zimayenera kuchotsedwa nthawi ndi nthawi, zomwe zimatha nthawi yayitali. Mbewu ikafika msinkhu wofunikira, pamwamba imafunika kudula. Pambuyo pochotsa, mphukira zam'mbali zimakula. Amafunikanso kuvulidwa, pang'onopang'ono ndikupanga korona.
Njira zofalitsira mbewu zachilendo
Kufalitsa kwa Feijoa kutha kuchitika pobzala mbewu, kudula kapena kupatulira mizu. Zachidziwikire, njira yosavuta yopezera mbewuyi ndi kugula ku malo ogulitsa. Komabe, sizotheka nthawi zonse kupeza feijoa. Poterepa, mutha kugula zipatso m'sitolo ndikugulitsa mbewu. M'pofunika kusankha zipatso zonse zakupsa. Sayenera kukhala wakukhwima kapena wowonjezereka. Kupanda kutero, mbewuyo singamere.
Zomwe zili mkati mwa mwana wosabadwayo ziyenera kumezedwa pang'onopang'ono, kenako ndikuyika mu sopo ndi kutsanulira madzi, kapena bwino - yankho lofooka la potaziyamu permanganate. Mbewuzo zikachokapo kuchokera pa zamkati, zimayenera kutsukidwa bwino pansi pamadzi ndikuwuma. Zouma zitha kufesedwa m'nthaka yokonzeka.
Mbewu zimayikidwa pamalo osaya (pafupifupi 0.5 cm) kenako ndikufundidwa ndi filimu kapena chidebe chagalasi kuti zitha kupanga malo obiriwira. Ngati zonse zachitika molondola, mphukira zimawonekera pafupifupi masiku 30. Mbewuyo ikakhala ndi masamba awiri kapena atatu a masamba, iyenera kuikidwira poto ina.
Kudula ndi njira yovuta kwambiri, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa okhawo odziwa ntchito zamaluwa. Oyamba pazinthu izi amakhala bwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosavuta. Mphukira zonenepa zomwe zimadulidwa ku chomera chachikulire. Kutalika kwa chogwirira kukhale pafupifupi 10 cm, ndikofunikira kuti pa aliyense wa iwo panali impso ziwiri.
Masamba ochokera kunthambi amadulidwa, kungosala ochepa okha omwe ali pamwamba. Dothi lozula mizu ndilofanana ndi mbeu zomera. Sprigs amabzala mu dothi lonyowa, ndikusiya pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a zodulidwa pamwamba pake. Pambuyo pake, nthaka mumphika imathiriridwa ndi yofooka yankho la potaziyamu permanganate.
Pakapita kanthawi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chilichonse chotsitsa (mwachitsanzo, Cornevin).
Mizu imatenga nthawi yayitali, pafupifupi miyezi 1.5-2. Yoyamba masamba ikaphuka panthambi, mutha kumadzaza mbewuzo kukhala miphika ina.
Maluwa ndi zipatso za Feijoa
Kutulutsa kwa Feijoa kuyambira Meyi mpaka Juni-Julayi. Maluwa aimayi anayi, okhala ndi miyala yoyera-yapinki, pakatikati pake pali chiwerengero chachikulu cha masamu ofiira. Maluwa, monga lamulo, ndiwotalika, amatha kupitilira masabata 3-4.
Pofuna kuti musakhale ndi zovuta zowonjezera nokha, ndibwino kuti muzingokonda mitundu yodzipukuta nokha. Kenako zipatsozo zidzachira mwachilengedwe, popanda kuyesetsa kwina kwa munthu.
Ngati mtundu wina wakula, ndikofunikira kubzala mbewu zingapo nthawi imodzi (osachepera awiri). Pambuyo pa kuwonekera kwa maluwa ndi burashi wapadera, muyenera kutola mungu kuchokera ku chomera chimodzi ndikuchiyika pamankhwala ena.
Feijoa wakunyumba atha kukhala wowawasa kukoma. Amawonekera pamitengo yolumikizidwa, kwa zaka 4-5 za moyo.
Tizilombo, matenda a feijoa
Monga maluwa ena amkati, feijoa imatha kutenga bowa kapena kuukira ndi tizirombo. Zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri zimakhala chisamaliro cholakwika. Chithandizo cha fungus chithandiza kuteteza mbewu ku matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Zitha kugulidwa pamsika wapadera.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, muyenera kutsatira malangizowo.
Tizilombo tambiri ta feijoa ndi pseudoscutum, spider mite ndi mealybug. Mutha kuthana ndi woyamba m'njira zingapo. Tizilombo tikapezeka, muyenera kuchiritsa masamba ndi sokosi yankho. Nthawi yomweyo onetsetsani kuti sakumenya pansi mumphika.
Ngati njirayi singathandize, ndiye kuti ndiyofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamphamvu, mwachitsanzo, Karbofos. Iyenera kuchepetsedwa monga gawo la 6 g pa lita imodzi yamadzi, kenako ndikuwaza tsamba lililonse. Makonzedwe akuyenera kuchitidwa katatu, kupumula pakati pa sabata.
Monga lamulo, nthata zofiira za kangaude zimakhudza mbewu zomwe zili ndi mpweya wosakwanira kapena wopanda chinyezi. Kuti muthane ndi izi, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito celtan acaricide. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi nkhupakupa pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipatso. 2 g ya mankhwalawa iyenera kuchepetsedwa mu lita imodzi ya madzi ndikuwonetsetsa bwino mbali zonse za feijoa. Ndikwabwino kusankha tsiku lamitambo yopopera mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena kunyamula mbewuyo kutali ndi dzuwa mwachindunji. Kupanda kutero, masamba ndi mphukira zimatha kutentha kwambiri.
Mealybug sakonda matenda a feijoa. Izi zikachitika, ndiye kuti chilichonse chothandiza tizilombo chithandiza kuthana ndi vutoli.
Feijoa sikuti imangobweretsa zipatso zabwino ndi zabwino, komanso imakhala yokongoletsera mkati mwa nyumba iliyonse. Pa maluwa, amadzaza m'chipindacho ndi fungo labwino kwambiri. Kukula chomera si kovuta, ngakhale woyambitsa kumene angachite.
