Orchid ndi duwa lochokera ku banja la Orchid. Mtengowu ndi wabwino kwambiri, koma unyinji wa mitunduyi umapezeka kudera lazilumba zamalopa ku Malaysia ndi kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia
Iliyonse mwa maluwa iyi ili ndi zest yake (mawonekedwe kapena mtundu wake), womwe umakopa chidwi cha olima maluwa.
Mitundu ndi chisamaliro
Kunyumba, mutha kulima mitundu ingapo ya maluwa:
| Onani | Kufotokozera | Chisamaliro |
| Felonopsis | Imawoneka ngati maluwa ake okongola, oyera - oyera, achikasu oyera, ofiirira. Imakula bwino mu nyengo zosiyanasiyana. | Moder yofinyira ndi kudyetsa. Sungani pazithunzi zakuda. |
| Cymbidium | Ili ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono amtundu wopepuka komanso wa pastel. Mauva amapangidwa nthawi yozizira. | |
| Cattleya | Utoto kuchokera ku pinki mpaka wofiirira, nthawi zina wopepuka wachikasu. | Kuyika m'chipinda chofunda ndi zowala zowala, zokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri. Mukabzala pansi, gwiritsani ntchito ngalande zapamwamba kwambiri. Thirani madzi ofunda. |
| Dendrobium | Mtundu - lavenda. Maluwa amatenga milungu iwiri. | Sungani kutentha kwapakatikati, nthawi zina gwiritsani feteleza. Pukusani nthawi ndi nthawi, pamenepa maluwa adzapitiliza kukula mu chipinda chokhala ndi mpweya wouma. |
| Miltonia | Kunja, amafanana ndi chomera cha pansy. | Ikani kumbuyo kwa chipindacho kuti mupeze mpweya wabwino, mutetezedwe ndi dzuwa. Moisten nthawi zambiri komanso wogawana, kupewa kupukuta kapena kufinya madzi m'nthaka. |
| Precious ludisia | Imafika kutalika kwa 15 masentimita, masamba opindika, ofiira kapena amtundu wa azitona. Maluwa ndi oyera ndi achikaso. | Kuunikira kovuta. Kutentha kwakukulu ndi + 18 ... + 24 ° C. Kutsirira ndizochepa. |
| Cumbria | Mtundu wa pamakhala ndi pinki. | Kuphatikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mitundu yosakanizidwa. Palibe zofunika zapadera pakuwala ndi kutentha. Kutsirira pang'ono kumafunika. |
Chisamaliro cha orchid mutagula
Duwa lomwe langopeza kumene limayikidwa m'dera lokhalamo anthu kwa masiku 14 kuti zitsimikizike kuti mbewuyo ili bwino.
Mukamasamalira orchid kunyumba, ganizirani kukhalapo kwa moss mumphika. Imasunga chinyontho ndipo imalola maluwa kuchita popanda kuthirira kwa nthawi yayitali.
Koma ngakhale ku sitolo, ogulitsa amatha kudzaza maluwa. Pamaganizidwe amenewa, akatswiri olima maluwa amalimbikitsa, mutagula, mwa kupereka maluwa, ndikugulitsa mbewu kumtunda watsopano, kenako ndikukhazikika.
Kusamalira orchid kwa miyezi ingapo
Chisamaliro cha orchid chimasiyanasiyana nyengo:
| Nyengo | Kuyatsa ndi kuyika | Kutentha | Mulingo wanyontho |
| Chilimwe cha masika | Pofunika kuwala kosiyanitsidwa ndi kaso, motero tikulimbikitsidwa kuyiyika kum'mawa kapena kumadzulo kwenera. | + 23 ... - + 25 ° ะก. | Chinyezi - 60-70%. Kukhalabe wabwino pa mbewuyo kumalola kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi utsi. |
| Yabwino yozizira | Kuunikira kowonjezera kumafunikira. Pa orchid imodzi, babu opepuka okhala ndi mphamvu ya 40 W adzakhala okwanira, chinthu chachikulu ndikuchiyika kuti kuwala kokwanira kumasamba ndi maluwa. | + 10 ... - + 12 ° C. |
Nthaka, feteleza, zosinthira zofunika
Mtundu uliwonse wamaluwa uli ndi zofunikira mu dothi lake, chifukwa chake mtundu wina udapangidwa, zotsalazo zimawonjezeredwa pansi:
- polystyrene ndi ma dongo omakulidwa;
- moss
- paini ndi khungwa la oak;
- peel ya mbewu;
- makala;
- mzati.
Zigawo zonse zimatengedwa chimodzimodzi. Amathandizira kumasula dothi ndikuwonjezera kutuluka kwa mpweya kumizu.
Koma pa kukula kwa ma orchid, zosakaniza zomwe zingaperekedwe sizingasakanikirane, zimafunikira. Amatsuka, kenako moss amaikidwa m'madzi oyera kwa maola 24 kuti athetse tizilombo. Kupitilira apo, zowonjezera (peel ya mbewu, oak ndi khungwa la paini) zomwe zimalekerera kutentha kwambiri zimayikidwa mu uvuni. Zochita zoterezi zimathetsa bowa yemwe wapanga kale pamizu ya orchid.
Kwa ma orchid apadziko lapansi, kuti apange gawo lapansi, mutha kumata mizu yodulidwa bwino ndi makungwa a fern komanso masamba otayirira, onse olingana. Dothi silifunikira mitundu ya epiphytic orchid; maluwa amabzalidwa osakanikirana ndi khungwa ndi mizu ya fern yopunthika, komanso gawo lililonse la inert.
Mutasankha panthaka, musaiwale za kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza. Kwa orchids amkati, zosankha wamba za feteleza sizoyenera. Maluwa awa ayenera kuthira manyowa ndi madzi osungunuka omwe amakhala ndi chitsulo, phosphorous ndi nayitrogeni (Superphosphate). Zinthu zotere zimakhudza bwino kukula kwa mbewu ndikukulitsa chitetezo chake.
Feteleza zachilengedwe amagwiritsidwanso ntchito, mwachitsanzo, zikopa za nthochi. Koma kuchuluka kwa umuna wotere ndikovuta kuwerengera, ndipo zochulukirapo zimatha kuyambitsa kuzika kwa mizu.
Kuti mukule maluwa, ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mapoto okhala ndi mabowo kuti gawo la mizu lithe kupita kunja. Mabasiketi apulasitiki kapena a bamboo amagwiritsidwanso ntchito.
Thambo limakhala malo ofunikira kwambiri posamalira maluwawo; liyenera kuchitidwa zaka ziwiri zilizonse za orchid komanso padziko lonse la 5-6 la epiphytes. Munthawi imeneyi, kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zomwe zikupezeka m'nthaka kumachitika, zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto ndikupezeka kwa mpweya. Kuphatikiza apo, duwa limatha kutuluka mumphika, kenako mizu yake idzatuluka. Izi zimayambitsa kusowa kwamchere ngakhale zitachitika kuti nthaka ikokoloke tsiku lililonse.
Mukabzala, chimacho chimachotsedwa mosamala mumphika ndikugwedeza mizu kuti isamatirira nthaka. Panthawi yamaluwa, sizikulimbikitsidwa kuchita njirayi, ngakhale kuti palibe chovuta kuzomera. Maluwa atasamukira mumphika waukulu wokhala ndi dothi labwino komanso lonyowa.
Kuswana
Kufalikira kwa ma orchid kumachitika m'njira zingapo:
- Zamasamba - ndizabwino zomera za mitundu yonse. Maluwa amachotsedwa mumphika, ndikugwedezeka pansi. Ndiye kukameta ubweya wa m'munda kugawa mizu. Magawo owazidwa ndi makala ndikuyika mumzinthu zosiyanasiyana. Nthaka imapopera mbewu tsiku lililonse mpaka fomu yoyamba kuphukira.
- Kuyika. Amapangidwa kukhala mphukira zazitali kapena zokhala cylindrical. Zomera zina zimakutidwa ndikuyiyika mu wowonjezera kutentha wopangidwa ndi zitini zapulasitiki. Kugona impso kumayambira kenako kudikirira kuzika mizu. Mphukira yowonjezera imayatsidwa, patatha milungu ingapo ipanga masamba atsopano. Kenako khutu limalekanitsidwa ndi mphukira yayikulu ndikusunthira mumphika.
- Njira zazing'ono. Mbali ya chifuyo imalekanitsidwa ndikuthiridwa ndimakala. Ndi kuthirira kwapamwamba kwambiri, njirayi ipanga mizu posachedwapa.
Zovuta pakukula kwamaluwa kunyumba
Pakakulidwa maluwa, mungayesedwe zovuta zingapo:
| Vutoli | Chifukwa | Njira Zothetsera |
| Palibe maluwa, mbewu imawuma. | Kuperewera pang'ono, kwakukulu kwambiri kotha kukulira, kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha. | Ngati mbewuyo ili kumpoto kwa nyumbayo kapena kuwala kwa masana, muzigwiritsa ntchito nyali za fluorescent. Usiku, matenthedwe ayenera kukhala + 14 ... + 16 ° C. |
| Masamba amasanduka achikaso. | Madzi ozizira kapena chinyezi chochepa, kuyikidwa muzosungidwa m'malo amdima. | Sinthani dongosolo la kuthirira, kuwonjezera chinyezi. Chomera chimayikidwa pamalo owala pomwe palibe mwayi wolemba. |
Matenda a Orchid ndi Tizilombo
Orchids sagwirizana kwenikweni ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, koma mavuto akhoza kukhalabe. Nthawi zambiri, zowola mitundu pa chomera. Choyambitsa matendawa ndi chinyezi chambiri mu dothi ndi duwa. Chifukwa chake, ngati simutsatira dongosolo la kuthirira, ndiye kuti izi zitha kuyambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mizu ndi masamba.
Chithandizo cha matenda oterewa chimafunikira kulimbikira kwambiri. Dera lomwe lakhudzidwalo liyenera kudulidwa mosamala ndi mpeni wakuthwa pamodzi ndi gawo la minofu yathanzi.
Pambuyo pa izi, ndikofunikira kuthana ndi kagawo ndi njira yapadera ndi bactericidal katundu (Fitosporin). Kukula kwake kungangophika, sikofunikira kugula chatsopano.
Mwa tizirombo, akangaude ndi ma mealybug nthawi zambiri amawononga orchid. Ngati pali tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, ndiye kuti mutha kuwachotsa pogwiritsa ntchito sopo womwe umasesere masamba angapo. Zomera zikakhudzidwa, simungathe kuchita popanda kugwiritsa ntchito Fitoverm ndi Aktar.
Mr. Chilimwe wokhala: Malangizo a kubereka ndi kusamalira ma orchid kwa oyamba kumene
Pakulima maluwa okongola komanso athanzi, olimitsa maluwa amalimbikitsa kutsatira malamulo angapo:
- Muyenera kusankha chomera mwanzeru ndikuyamba ochepa. Kuyambira pamenepo wamaluwa akulimbikitsidwa kuti azikonda kuyimira oimira osawerengeka (Felonopsis, Cymbidium). Kudziwa bwino maluwa amenewa kuyenera kuyamba ndi kubzala mbeu zosagwira tizirombo ndi matenda. Mutha kubzala mitundu yamalaya kapena maluwa a gulugufe, chifukwa amasiyanitsidwa ndi nthawi yayitali maluwa komanso chisamaliro chosavuta.
- Maluwa amafunika kuyatsa kofewa, ndizomera zomwe zimakonda kuwala, koma mphamvu yakuwala mwachindunji imawawononga. Ndikwabwino kuyika maluwa awa pazenera lakumadzulo ndi kum'mawa. Pamawindo omwe ali kumpoto kwa nyumbayo, ma phalaenopsis okha amatha kuyikika, ndizovuta kwambiri chifukwa chosowa dzuwa.
- Smart chinyezi ntchito. Kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kwa ma orchid kumawerengedwa nthawi imodzi m'masiku 7. Chithandizo cham'mimba ndi chosamba ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti chomera. Pambuyo kuthirira, ndikofunikira kulola madzi ochulukirapo kukhetsa, sayenera kuloledwa kuyendayenda kuzungulira mizu.
- Ndi zakudya zabwino, kukula kwabwino kumatsimikizika. Maluwa onse amafunika feteleza wambiri (Superphosphate, Master, Agrecol, Dr. Foley).
- Kubzala mbewu ndikuyenera kukhala kolondola kwambiri. Mukasunthira orchiduyo mumphika wina, zonse ziyenera kuchitika mosamala kuti zisavulaze mizu yosalimba.
- Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzilamulira kutentha kwa boma kuti zitsimikizire maluwa. Maluwa amatha kutulutsa pokhapokha ngati kuzizira, choncho muyenera kuwapanga kutentha + 14 + + 16 ° C. Amaloledwa kuchepa kapena kuwonjezera kutentha ndi madigiri 1-2.
Kutsatira malamulowa, mutha kupeza duwa labwino lomwe lingasangalatse mwini wake ndi maluwa abwino kwambiri.
