Streptocarpus - chisamaliro chakunyumba, kulima mbewu, chithunzi

Streptocarpus (Streptocarpus) - herbaceous, thermophilic chomera cha banja la Gesneriaceae (Gesneriaceae) adabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku kontinenti ya Africa, komwe imakula kwambiri zachilengedwe za Kenya, Tanzania, South Africa. Nthawi yabwino, imasiyana pakakulidwe kamaluwa komanso maluwa.

Mosasamala kanthu za njira yofalitsira, maluwa a streptocarpus kunyumba samayamba pasanathe miyezi 10-11. Mtengowo ulibe tsinde pakati, masamba ake obisika, pang'ono owundana amatengedwa mu rosette yotakata. Mawonekedwe a pepalali ndi apamwamba, lanceolate. Dzinalo limagwirizanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe a bokosi la mbewu.

Zothandiza pa streptocarpus

Streptocarpus imamera chifukwa cha zokongoletsera. Chimawoneka bwino mkati mwazonse, osati kokha nthawi yamaluwa ambiri. Rosette yamasamba achichepere amawonekeranso modabwitsa. Chomera sichili ndi poizoni, koma chili ndi zinthu zochepa zofunikira. Okonda ena amaigwiritsa ntchito ngati chakudya chokometsera.

Kusamalira streptocarpus kunyumba. Mwachidule

Kuti mbewu ikule bwino ndikukula bwino, kulengedwa kwa zinthu zovomerezeka ndikofunikira:

Kusamalira streptocarpus kunyumba. Mwatsatanetsatane

Malingaliro a alimi a maluwa okongoletsa zomwe zimera sizimagwirizana. Ena zimawavuta kukula, ngakhale kwa oyamba kumene. Koma kuti duwa lisangalale bwino ndi maonekedwe ake komanso maluwa okongola, muyenera kuyipangira ndipo muziyang'anira mwachidwi.

Maluwa a flowptocarpus

Mtengowo uli ndi mitundu yambiri ndi ma hybrids, omwe amasiyana ndi maluwawo ndi mtundu wawo, kuyambira yoyera mpaka ya papo, yokhala ndi mapiko osiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza mitundu ingapo ndikotheka. Maluwa ali ngati mabelu a tubular. Zocheperako, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti inflorescence zipangidwe komanso maluwa ndizochulukirapo.

Kuchokera pamanyumba a tsamba limatuluka m'modzi, womwe, kutengera mitundu, maluwa angapo mpaka makumi angapo amatha kutulutsa. Kukula kwa duwa la maluwa m'mitundu ina kumafikira 8-10cm. Chifukwa cha maluwa, bokosi la mbewu limapangidwa lomwe limakhala ndi njere zazing'ono zambiri. Maluwa a Streptocarpus kunyumba samakulidwa kwambiri pambewu.

Yang'anani! Pofuna kuti chomera chikhale ndi mawonekedwe osangalatsa komanso osatopa, kufooka kwa inflorescence kumadulidwa, osadikirira kupangidwa kwa bokosi.

Njira yotentha

Maluwa samayankha kutentha, ngakhale achizungu. Amakhala bwino pamtunda wa 20 mpaka 25 ° C pawindo kapena pawindo lotetezedwa ndi dzuwa. Kutentha kochepa kovomerezeka kwa nyengo yozizira ndi 14-15 ° C.

Kuwaza

Kuuma kwa mpweya mchipindacho kumasokoneza bwino masamba ndi maluwa, motero ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wonyezimira kapena kupopera mpweya ndi mfuti.

Madzi akafika pamasamba ndi maluwa, streptocarpus imataya mawonekedwe ake okongola, kotero chisamaliro cha kunyumba chimachitika ndikupukuta masamba ndi zopukutira zowuma. Monga chinyontho, ma tray ndi dongo lonyowa, miyala, ndi ma moss amagwiritsidwanso ntchito, omwe amawaika pafupi ndi mapoto.

Kuwala

Pathunthu maluwa, mmera umafunika kuwala kambiri komanso tsiku lalitali. Koma kuwala kwa dzuwa kuyenera kuphatikizidwa kuti masamba asatenthe. Mbali yakumpoto ya nyumbayo, kuyatsa sikungakhale kokwanira ndipo kuyatsa kowonjezera komwe kumakhala ndi nyali kumafunikira. Mawayilesi akumadzulo ndi akum'mawa ndi oyenera kulimidwa.

Kuthirira

Streptocarpus yakunyumba imafunikira kuthirira nthawi zonse, komanso kosavuta ndi madzi ofunda okhalamo. Chinyontho chowonjezera chimayambitsa kuvunda komanso ngakhale kufa kwa mbewu, chifukwa chake ndibwino kuthilira madzi pang'ono kuposa kuchuluka. M'chilimwe, madzi othirira amakhala kawiri pa sabata, nthawi yozizira - osatinso masiku 8-10.

Kutentha kochepa kwambiri (15 ° C ndi pansi), kuthirira kumayima kwathunthu.

Dothi la Streptocarpus

Chomera chimakonda dothi lopepuka, lotayirira, lachonde. ndikusinthana kwa mpweya wabwino. Njira yosavuta ndiyo kugula nthaka yabwino yopanda malo ogulitsira ena. Mutha kukonzekera osakaniza nokha:

• pepala lamtundu - magawo awiri;
• peat, mchenga, humus - 1 gawo lililonse.

Muthanso kusakaniza magawo ofanana a dziko lapansi, peat ndi sphagnum moss. Kwa ana okulirapo, chisakanizo cha peat, perlite ndi humus (5: 2: 1) ndi choyenera.

Zida zamadzimadzi zimatsanuliridwa pansi pamphika.

Yang'anani! Zinthu zonse zosakanikirana, ngalande ndi zotengera zokulira sizimatulutsa zotentha ndi kutentha kapena yankho la potaziyamu permanganate.

Feteleza ndi feteleza

Streptocarpus ikukula kwambiri ndipo imafunikira michere yambiri. Pachigawo choyambirira, cha kukula kwa maluwa, masamba amapatsidwa feteleza wa nayitrogeni, poyambira kugona ndi munthawi ya maluwa - phosphorous-potashi.

M'masitolo apadera amapereka zokonzekera zovuta zomwe ndizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Mavalidwe apamwamba amaphatikizidwa ndikuthilira ndi masiku 8-10 ndipo amachitika kokha nthawi yamasika ndi chilimwe.

Kukula kwa mphika

Mukakulitsa maluwa kudzera pofesa mbewu, mbande zomwe zimagwirizana ndi masamba enieni 2 zimangoyenda mumiyala yaulere pamtunda wa 1.5-3.0 masentimita, kenako mbewu zazikuluzo ndikuziika m'miphika yosiyana. Kukula kwawo koyamba masentimita 6-8.

Ndi chilichonse chowonjezera, poto imachulukidwa ndi masentimita angapo. Mukakula muyezo waukulu, kukula kwamaluwa kwamasamba kumawonedwa ndikuyenda pang'onopang'ono. Kwa chomera chachikulu, voliyumu yamphika iyenera kukhala osachepera 16 - 18 cm, osaya, popeza mizu yake ndiyapamwamba.

Ndikwabwino kukula duwa mumphika woumbika, komanso kumakhala bwino mumphika wapulasitiki ngati kukhetsa ndi kuthirira koyenera.

Kupereka kwa Streptocarpus

Mu malo amodzi, streptocarpus imatha kukula nthawi yayitali, koma pofika zaka 3, maluwa a masamba amayamba kukula, mbewuyo imatha, imawoneka yosawoneka bwino, imamasuka bwino, imataya zokongoletsera zake.

Wodziyankhira amathetsa mavuto angapo:

• kukonzanso chitsamba;
• kubereka;
• kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka ndi nthaka.

Nthawi yopumula

Mitundu ya achikulire okha, yabwino imatha pachimake chaka chonse, ngakhale mawonekedwe ake ndi maluwa amawonongeka popanda kupumira. M'nyengo yozizira, iwo amapanga zinthu kwa nthawi yonseyo, kuchepetsa kuthirira, kuyatsa, kusiya kudyetsa komanso kuchepetsa kutentha.

Kudulira

Mwaukhondo, kudulira kwa masamba ovulala ndi achikasu, maluwa oyendayenda amatuluka. M'matchi akuluakulu, njira zazing'ono zimachotsedwa zomwe sizitha kupikisana ndi masamba opanga masamba.

Kubwezeretsa kwa streptocarpus

Pofalitsa mitundu pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana. Njira zamasamba zimatha kusunga mawonekedwe a chomera cha mayi. Kulima kwa streptocarpus kudzera pofesa mbewu ndi njira yotalikilapo ndipo zotsatira zake sizingachitike kuloseredwa nthawi zonse.

Kubwezeretsanso kwa streptocarpus pogawa chitsamba

Pamodzi ndi kufalikira mchaka, kufalitsa mbewu kumachitidwanso. ndikugawana chitsamba chachikulire (zaka 2-3) m'magawo awiri.

• Mizu imamasulidwa ku dothi, yosasunthidwa mosamala, yopatukana pamanja kapena ndi mpeni wosalala.
• Magawo owonongeka a muzu amachotsedwa, malo a zigawo owazidwa ndi makala ophatikizidwa.
• Kuti apange malo ogulitsira, mphukira zazing'ono (ana) okhala ndi mizu yabwino amasankhidwa, obzalidwa dothi lonyowa, lotayirira.
• Kuti zisungidwe chinyezi musanayambe kumanga, mbewu zatsopano zimayang'aniridwa ndi chotchinga ndikuwala.

Kufalikira kwa streptocarpus ndi zodula

Streptocarpus itha kufalitsidwanso ndi michere ina ya chomeracho: ana opanda mizu yotsalira, magawo athunthu ndi petioles ndi magawo awo.

• Amamizidwa ndikuzama kuya m'madzi mpaka mapangidwe a mizu, mu dothi lonyowa kapena moss.
• Malo omwe amacheka amakonzedwa, monga mgawo wamtchire.
• Pambuyo pakuwonekera kwa mizu, phesiyo limasungidwa mumphika ndi gawo lapansi lomwe linasankhidwa.

Kukula kwa streptocarpus kuchokera ku mbewu

Nthawi zambiri zimachitika pa kuswana kuti mukhale ndi mikhalidwe yapadera.

• Maluwa a Streptocarpus kunyumba amafesedwa mumipanda yopanda kudzazidwa ndi vermiculite, peat ndi perlite.
• Kotero kuti njere zazing'onoting'ono zimagawidwa pamtunda, zimasakanizidwa ndi mchenga.
• Mutabzala, dothi limasungunuka ndi mfuti yopopera.
• Kuti tisunge chinyontho ndikupanga mawonekedwe a wowonjezera kutentha, chidebecho chimakutidwa ndi galasi kapena filimu yowonekera.
• Musanafike kumera, onetsetsani kuti mwakhala ndi kutentha kwa 22 - 25 ° C, khalani ndi mpweya wabwino komanso kuyeretsa kotsekemera. M'malo abwino, mbande zimatuluka masiku 10-14.
• Pogona amachotsedwa, koma pitilizani kusunga chinyezi kwambiri.

Njira yolerera kwambiri

• Mwanjira imeneyi, masamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito, momwe minyewa yapakati imadulidwapo.
• Magawo amathandizidwa ndi makala, owuma ndikuyika m'manda ndi 5 mm.
• Pokhala chinyezi chokwanira, tiana tating'onoting'ono timamera m'miyezi 1.5, omwe amawayika m'miphika atakwanitsa miyezi 3-4.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

M'mikhalidwe yabwino yomwe ikukula, streptocarpus imakana matenda osiyanasiyana. Ngati chomera chili ndi mavuto, chimayankha nthawi yomweyo ndi mawonekedwe ake:

• Mitsinje ya streptocarpus imafota ndikupota kuchokera pakusowa chinyezi kapena kuwalitsa kwambiri dzuwa;
• masamba achikasu streptocarpuszitha kuwoneka ndi kutentha kwa dzuwa;
• malekezero owuma a masamba a streptocarpus ndi kufinya kwawo kuwoneka chifukwa chosowa chinyezi komanso mchere;
• samakula ndipo satulutsa masamba ang'ono ndikusowa kwa kuwunikira, kufewetsa nthaka kapena kukula kwa mphika;
• kuvunda mizu ya streptocarpus kuthirira kwambiri, kutentha pang'ono ndi kukonzekera.

Kukula kwa matenda oyamba ndi mabakiteriya nthawi zambiri kumayamba chifukwa chophwanya kutentha kwa boma ndi kuthirira kwambiri ndi kulumikizana kwa madzi ndi ziwalo zam'madzi. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa zikaonekera, ndikofunikira kuchita:

• kuchotsedwa kwa malo owonongeka;
• kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi njira yotsuka ndi sopo yochapira;
• kusintha kwa mndende.

Tizilombo

Ndi mpweya wosakwanira komanso kutentha kwambiri, malo abwino amapangidwira kuti magawidwe:

• Matipi, nsabwe za m'masamba, nthata za akangaude. Amadyetsa chakudya chomera, chimawonongera masamba omwe siliva, chikaso, choyera kapena mawonekedwe owoneka. Chomera chimataya masamba. Kukula kwa Streptocarpus kumachepetsa kapena kusiya kwathunthu. Mphukira zowonongeka zimatha kuphuka popanda kuphuka.
• Mealybug amawononga mphukira zazing'ono, masamba. Zingayambitse kuyimitsidwa kwathunthu kwa mbeuyo.
• Scale imapezeka makamaka pamunsi pamasamba ndi pa petioles mwa mawonekedwe a bulauni warts, yokutidwa ndi wokutira waxy. Dongosolo la tizirombo titha kuononga mbewu.

Pofuna kuwononga tizirombo, mbewu ndi dothi zimathiridwa mankhwala okonzekera tizirombo (nthawi 2-3). Pakakhala zovuta, kuti ndikubwezeretsani dothi nditha kufunafunanso. Ndikovuta kwambiri kuwononga zishango, popeza mawonekedwe awo oteteza amateteza kulumikizana ndi mankhwala. Amachotsedwa pamanja ndi nsalu yonyowa pokonza, kenako nkuthira mankhwala ndi ma herbicides a systemic.