Zingakhale zabwino kumverera m'nkhalango popanda kusiya kanyumba. Maluwa okongola kwambiri a buluu, omwe amasanduka munda wamaluwa ndi obereketsa, amapereka mpata woterewu, kuti udziwe bwino kuti umangoyenera kubzala ndi kusamalira bwino, pambuyo pake mutha kutenga zithunzi za kukumbukira ndikulandira ndemanga zabwino kuchokera kwa anzanu ndi mabwenzi anu. Kuchokera kumtunda kupita kumapiri a Caucasus - malo ochuluka omwe amabuluu amakula mumlengalenga.
Mabulosi amabulosi a Maluwa: Kufotokozera Kwambiri
Maluwa a blueberries, kubzala ndi kusamalira zitsamba zomwe zimapezeka mosavuta ngakhale oyambirira wamaluwa, adzakondweretsani ndi chokolola chokolola chokoma. Timayesetsa kukhala ndi mitundu yambiri ya American garden garden blueberries, potsiriza anabadwira theka lazaka zapitazo, ngakhale zoyesayesa zoyamba ku United States zinayambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka zapitazo.
Chitsamba cha munda wa buluu wamtunduwu chimasiyana ndi chomera cha msitima pamwamba (kufika mamita 2.5) kukula kwake m'lifupi ndi theka la mamita awiri ndi theka ndi zipatso zazikulu. Kukolola, ngati mukudziwa bwino momwe mungamerekere buluu, muzowonjezera zambiri. Zidzakhala zowonjezereka ngati mitundu ingapo ikukula m'mundamo panthawi yomweyi - tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (njuchi, bulubebe, ndi zina zotero) zidzatha kugwira ntchito mwakhama kwambiri. 
Nyengo yakucha ya buluu zipatso zimadalira mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kawirikawiri imakhala yochepa pakati pa chilimwe ndi kumapeto kwa September. Zomwe zimayambira m'munda wa buluu ndi mizu yake ndi mycorrhiza (chitsimikizo cha bowa ndi minofu) mmalo mwa mzuzi wofanana ndi zomera zambiri. Mycorrhiza amagwira ntchito yake yokha mu nthaka ndi acidity (mpaka pH4.5).
Chizoloŵezi chofala cha mitundu yonse ya America ndi chikondi cha kutentha ndi kuwala ndi kusakonda kwa nthawi yaitali chilala ndi chinyezi cholemetsa. Mitundu yamabuluu yotchuka kwambiri yomwe ikulimidwa m'dera lathu ndi Bluecrop, Patriot, Blueette, Bluette, Elizabeth ndi Northblue.
Mukudziwa? Mtsogoleri wakukula blueberries ndi boma la Maine ku United States.
Zomwe zimabzala munda wa blueberries
Kuyambira kulima mbewuyi, muyenera kudziwa momwe mungamere munda wa blueberries.
Kusankha kwauni
Kuti munda wa blueberries ukhale ndi malo abwino. Kuwonjezeka kwa mbeu ndi kukula kwa zipatso zowonjezera kumadalira kukula kwa mphamvu ya dzuwa. Popeza kuti blueberries salola kulemba ndi mphepo yamkuntho, malo amtendere kumbali ya kumtunda kwa mpanda wolimba kapena khoma zingakhale bwino.
Mtundu wa dothi
Chofunikira chachikulu pa nthaka ndi kukhalapo kwa madzi abwino, kuthetsa madzi omwe ali pamwamba pake. Madzi okonda blueberries samaopa kuyandikira kwa pansi (ngakhale pa kuya kwa 0-0-0.7 mamita), koma amatha kufa kuchokera kutalika kwapakati pa chinyezi.
Chikhalidwe chachiwiri chomwe chimapangitsa kuti chinyezi cha nthaka chitheke bwino kwa buluu ndi kusowa kwa mitengo yayikulu ya zipatso pafupi ndi iyo yomwe ikhoza kutsutsana ndi mizu yosalala ya tchire mabulosi m'madzi.
Blueberries amakonda dothi losavuta, lidzakhala losangalatsa kwambiri pa mchenga wamtengo wapatali kapena peatlands wokhala ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera matope. Koma sizingatheke kuti kulima dongo la buluu ndi loam.
Mabulosi amphepete a Maluwa Akubzala Technology
Kulima munda wa blueberries ndi kotheka kumapeto kwa masika ndi kumayambiriro kwa masika, mpaka kutuluka kwa madzi kumayamba ndipo masambawo anatsegulidwa. Nthaŵi zambiri, tchire amabzalidwa m'dzinja, motengera kufunika kwa kusintha kwa mbeu kumalo omwe chisanafike kukula kwa masika.
Ndikofunikira! Pa nyengo yonse ya kukula, mukhoza kubzala mbande ya buluu miphika (mabokosi), kumene mizu yawo ili ndi nthaka.
Kukonzekera dzenje
Musanadzale blueberries, maenje akukonzekera pasadakhale. Amatengeka mpaka akuya mamita a theka, m'lifupi - mpaka 0.8m. Njira zowonjezera ndi izi:
- Kudzaza dzenje ndi nthaka, kutengedwera ndi kubzala ndi kusanganikirana ndi masamba osweka, zidutswa za makungwa, nthambi zonse zowonongeka, moss. Izi zikuphatikizidwa ndi peat wowawasa ndi nthaka yachonde pamalo aliwonse;
- Kuikidwa mu dzenje la feteleza za nayitrogeni, momwe mumakhala mchere wambiri wa sulfure, pa mlingo wa 25-30 g pa mmera. Nthawi yomweyo muyenera kulingalira momwe mungamalirire nthaka ya blueberries. Mukhoza kungogula zitsulo zokhazokha zadothi mumsitolo. Ngati angathe kugula, palibe zakudya zogwiritsira ntchito monga vinyo wosasa, womwe umasungunuka (50ml) mu chidebe cha madzi, kapena citric acid (5 g / pail).
Ndikofunikira! Kutentha kwa nthaka sikuyenera kupitirira 4.5, mwinamwake chiopsezo cha chlorosis chidzawonjezeka kwambiri.Masamba a mabulosi a buluu amasonyeza kuti nthaka yaying'ono, yomwe imakhala yofiira, ngakhale ikadali kunja.
Kufotokozera za ndondomeko ndi kayendedwe ka kutsika
Njira yachidule yodzala blueberries ndi njira yobzala mzere. Mtunda wa pakati pa mbande umasiyanasiyana malinga ndi mitundu yosankhidwa kuti idye:
- kuchokera mamita umodzi mpaka theka pakati pa mapiko a mitundu yayitali;
- kuchokera 0,8 mpaka 1 mamita - kusiyana pakati pa tchire cha mitundu yochepa.
Momwe mungasamalire munda wa buluu
Zomwe mungachite ndi momwe mungachitire kuti mukhale ndi chiwembu komanso mutakula bwino mumunda wamaluwa, alimi adzatsogoleredwa ndi malamulo atatu odziwika bwino - kuthirira, kudyetsa, kudulira.
Kufunika kwa kuthirira
Poganizira zomwe zidzafunike kudyetsa munda wa blueberries m'chaka, musaiwale za kuthirira kwake nthawi zonse. Blueberries wokonda mchere amafuna kuthirira mobwerezabwereza. Kutentha kwa chilengedwe sikukwanira.
Mukhoza kukonza ulimi wothirira - njira yamagetsiyi imatsimikizira zotsatira zabwino. Nthawi zina, zimaganizidwa kuti:
- chisonyezo cha ulimi wothirira ndi chitsime chakuya cha nthaka masentimita 4;
- Mitengo ndi mabulosi a buluu aang'ono ayenera kuthiriridwa masiku awiri ndi awiri, ndikuphunzira kuuma ndi kufooketsa kutentha kotentha;
- Mavitamini okonzeka kapena vinyo wosasa (mpaka 0.1 l pa chidebe) amawonjezeredwa ku madzi okwanira mwezi uliwonse, ngati akudziwika kuti acidity ya nthaka sichifikira mlingo wa kulima buluu.
Top kuvala tchire labuluu
Zovala zapamwamba zabuluu sizimayambira kumapeto kwa nyengo, koma nthawi ya kugwa, akamagwedeza nthaka kuzungulira tchire. Ndondomeko ya singano zowonongeka ndi / kapena utuchi wa mitengo ya coniferous zimatengedwa kuti ndizovomerezeka. Mulch muzochitika izi zimagwira ntchito ziwiri - zimakhala ndi chinyezi chofunikira cha buluu pansi, ndipo pang'onopang'ono zimatuluka, zimakhala ndizofunikira muyezo wa asidi m'nthaka.
Pa feteleza omalizidwa omwe amafunika ku blueberries m'chaka (chakudya choyamba ndi pakati pa mwezi wa April, yachiwiri ndi mwezi pambuyo pake), muyenera kumvetsera mchere wa Florovit ndi Target, womwe uli ndi zonse zomwe mukusowa. zitsamba, kuphatikizapo nthaka oxidizers.
Kuvala kachitatu kumafunikanso kuchitika mwezi umodzi. Ngati vuto ndilo, momwe mungamerekere blueberries kumapeto kwa nyengo komanso nthawi zina, simungathetsekedwe ndi zokonzedwa bwino, ndiye mutha kukonzekera feteleza omwe angathe kudzaza nthaka makamaka ndi nayitrogeni, yomwe imathandiza kwambiri kukula kwa mbewu.
Ndikofunikira! Manyowa a nayitrojeni ayenera kuchitidwa pasanafike pakati pa mwezi wa July kotero kuti mphukira za chitsamba chokula mofulumira zisamaundane m'nyengo yozizira.Mchere wothira ayenera kukhala ndi ammonium sulfate (90 g), superphosphate (110 g), potaziyamu sulphate (40 g). Kuti muyeso mlingo womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ku nthaka mkati mwa malire a bwalo pozungulira mbiya, gwiritsani supuni popanda kupangira (misa imapezeka pafupifupi 10 g). Mlingo umadalira zaka za buluu:
- 1 chaka - 1 supuni;
- Zaka 2 - 2 makapu;
- 3 zaka - 3-4 makapu;
- Zaka 4 - 4-5 makapu;
- 5 kapena zaka zambiri - 6-8 makapu.
Nthawi komanso momwe mungatchekere tchire labuluu
Ponena za kudulira munda wa blueberries kumagwirizana ndi ntchito yofanana pa mitengo ya zipatso, ndiko kuti, mwina kumayambiriro kwa masika, mpaka mbewu "idadzuka", kapena kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, masambawo atagwa. Kwa cholinga chomwechi, pali mitundu itatu ya kudulira, komanso kumadalira momwe mungasamalire munda wa blueberries.
| Mtundu wosakaniza | Nthawi | Cholinga | Zochita |
| Kukonzekera | 3-4 zaka | Mapangidwe a zigoba nthambi ndi omveka korona wa mawonekedwe olondola | Kuchotsa mphukira zochepa, zofooka komanso zazikulu kwambiri |
| Kulamulira * | Chaka ndi chaka chitatha kupanga | Kugawa mofanana ndi kupambana kwa inflorescences ndi masamba | Chotsani mphukira zochepa, zofooka komanso zazikulu. Kuchotsa popanda mabwinja a nthambi zazikulu zazaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri. Kuchotsa mtolo wachitsamba wa nthambi zing'onozing'ono kumapeto kwa mphukira |
| Kubwezeretsa * | Pambuyo pa zaka 8-10 | Kugawa mofanana ndi kupambana kwa inflorescences ndi masamba. Kupereka chitsamba mphamvu yatsopano ya moyo | Chotsani mphukira zochepa, zofooka komanso zazikulu. Kuchotsa popanda mabwinja a nthambi zazikulu zazaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri. Kuchotsa mtolo wachitsamba wa nthambi zing'onozing'ono kumapeto kwa mphukira |
Mbali yosamalira munda wa blueberries m'nyengo yozizira
Buluu wam'munda umayamba kufungira kwambiri pamene kutentha kwapansi kumadutsa madigiri 23-25. Koma shrub yachisanu imatha kubwezeretsanso nthawi zonse ndi kubwerera kwa kutentha. Chitsamba chabwino cha mangozi sichiri choyenera.
Choncho conifer mulching ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuonjezera apo, amagwiritsanso ntchito zomwe zimatchedwa kuthirira madzi okwanira (mpaka 6 zidebe zamadzi pa chitsamba, zomwe zakhala zikuyambira kudulira), zomwe zimatanthawuzira kuti kugwa kumathamanga pamwamba pa dziko lapansi kufika pamtunda wa 0.4m. Kutenga chisanu choopsa, chiyenera kukhala m'dzinja, kukonzekera Nthambi za buluu zinaponyera pansi ndizazale, chifukwa chitsamba chokha chimapanga malo a nthambi za spruce kapena zinthu zina.
Ndikofunikira! Musadandaule za chitetezo cha blueberries nthawi ya masika - imatha ngakhale mpaka madigiri 7.
Kufotokozera za matenda akuluakulu ndi tizirombo tchire
Pa chifukwa chomwe chatchulidwa kale chofiira masambawa pa shrub munda wa blueberries ayenera kuwonjezeredwa ndi matenda akuluakulu a masamba - tsitsa khansa. Pankhaniyi, njirayi ikuyamba ndi maonekedwe ofiira pa masamba, kufalikira ndi nthawi ndikukhala bulauni, ndikumaliza ndi imfa ya mphukira yonse.
Pafupifupi palibe chithandizo chamankhwala, choncho chiyembekezo chonse cha kupewa. Zimaphatikizapo kumayambiriro kwa masika (masamba asanatuluke) komanso nthawi yophukira (pamene akugwa) kupopera mbewu zamaluwa ndi Bordeaux madzi (3%), kuphatikizapo mankhwala omwe amapezeka mobwerezabwereza ndi Readzol (0.2%): katatu ndi mlungu umodzi musanayambe maluwa Katatu opopera mbewu mankhwalawa atatha kukolola zipatso zonse.
Matenda ena owopsa omwe amaopseza buluu wamaluwa (omwe amawonetsedwanso m'mawanga ofiira pa masamba) ndi fomopsis. Wothandizira mankhwalawa ndi bowa wapadera, ndipo matendawa amachititsa kuuma ndi kufa kwa nthambi zazing'ono. Mphukira yakufa sikuti imadulidwa, koma imatenthedwa kuti iteteze kufalikira kwa kufalitsa kusiyana kwa mkangano. Ndondomeko ya kupopera mankhwala ndi "Fundazole" ndi ofanana ndi khansa ya stem.
Matenda a Buluu monga kuzimitsa maluwa, mbuzi yofiira ndi anthracnosezimakhudza kwambiri zipatso, komanso zimakhudza nkhuni. Kupewa ndikofunikanso kulimbana nawo.
Polankhula za tizirombo, muyenera kuyamba ndi mbalame, omwe amakonda kudya zamabuluu. Kuteteza motsutsana ndi mbalame zimagwiritsa ntchito galasi lophimba ndi khungu kakang'ono. Mankhwalawa amadziwika bwino kwambiri ndi tizilombo, zomwe zimadyetsa masamba komanso kumadetsa maluwa, ndipo zimachepetsa chiyembekezo cha mtsogolo. M'nthaka mphutsi za tizirombozi zimapezanso achinyamata zitsamba.
Ntchito yogonjetsa kachilomboka inapeza mankhwala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Koma mukhoza kupatsa mankhwala amtunduwu, kusonkhanitsa ma Maybugs mwachindunji kuchokera ku tchire (mukusowa magolovesi okhwima ndi mtsuko wa galasi), kapena kuwagwedeza panja, kuyamba kuika filimu ya pulasitiki, kapena kusankha mphutsi zoyera pansi pa nthawi yokonzekera nthaka. Mphutsi imatsanulidwa ndi madzi otentha ndi kutayidwa.
Musaiwale za adani a chilengedwe cha Mayetle. Izi ndizirombozi, komanso nyenyezi, zomwe zingakopeke poyika nyumba ya mbalame pafupi.
Pofuna kuthana ndi mphutsi, mungathe kuthandizanso nthaka ndi yankho la anyezi (1/3 ya chidebe cha peyi ya anyezi imadzazidwa ndi madzi ndipo imapangidwira kwa sabata).
Munda wa Buluu: kukolola
Zipatso zamaluwa m'mphepete mwa buluu sizimathamanga. Iwo amatha kugwira ntchito pa nthambi mpaka phokoso. Chifukwa cha mkhalidwe umenewu, ma blueberries amachotsedwa mosafulumira, kutenga maulendo a mlungu ndi mlungu pakati pa njira zokolola. Mitengo yayikulu ya mtundu wa buluu imasonkhana, ndipo masamba otsala amatsalira pa nthambi kuti athe kupeza shuga pasanafike. Zipatso zimapirira mosalekeza kayendetsedwe ka nthawi yayitali, mwezi wosungirako m'firiji komanso sabata imodzi pamudzi wamba. Chomera choyamba cha mtundu wa blueberries chikuyembekezeka chaka chachitatu. 
Mukudziwa? Akuluakulu oyendetsa ndege a ku Britain omwe adagonjetsa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse adadya kupanikizana kwabuluu kuti apange masomphenya a usiku.
Kukula blueberries m'dziko kapena dera lina ndikulonjeza kwambiri. Chifukwa cha mavitamini ambiri, mavitamini, shuga, mchere ndi tannins zomwe zili mmenemo, munda wa blueberries, umene wapatsidwa nthawi yoyenera kukula, umathandizira kupirira, mwachitsanzo, ndi angina, matenda oopsa, kamwazi, catarrh m'mimba, rheumatism, enterocolitis, ngakhale scurvy. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa blueberries kumathandizanso kuti thupi likhale lokonzanso, komanso kuti ubongo wake ukhale wogwira ntchito. Mwachidule, munda wa blueberries uyenera kukulirakulira ndi iwo omwe akufuna kukhala ndi moyo wautali, pokhalabe athanzi.
