Guzmania

Guzmania (Guzmania) - kukongola kowoneka bwino kuchokera ku banja la Bromeliad. Mitundu imakhala ndi mitundu pafupifupi 130 ndipo imaphatikizira zonse ziwiri za epiphytic ndi lapansi. Dziko lomwe guzmania ili ku Central ndi South America.

Ndi chomera chamtundu wa maluwa opindika bwino ngati masamba amtundu wachikopa. Mtundu wawo umakhala wobiriwira nthawi zina, nthawi zina wokongola. Kutalika kwa duwa sikupitirira 70 cm, ndipo mainchesi ake otuluka ndi 50 cm.

Amamasuka ali ndi zaka 2-3 zaka yophukira kapena nthawi yozizira. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono amatengedwa mu inflorescence yooneka ngati nthongo, yemwe amakongoletsedwa ndi mabulangeti owala bwino. Maluwa atamasulidwa, amakhala patatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka chaka, kumasula mphukira panthawiyi. Ma rosette achichepawa amapatulidwa kuti apitirize kulima maluwa.

Banjali limaphatikizaponso echmea ndi tillandsia. Zomera zochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Tikukulangizani kuti muyang'ane.

Zothandiza zimatha guzmania

Imatha kutulutsa zinthu zofunikira kufumbi, potero zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa fumbi. Chifukwa cha izi, chomera chimayeretsa mpweya mchipindacho.

Imabweretsa kukhutira ndi chiyanjano mnyumbayo. Zimathandizira kukonza bwino, zimapereka kudzidalira, zimachepetsa nkhawa komanso zimathandiza kuthana ndi mantha.

Mawonekedwe akukula kunyumba. Mwachidule

Guzmania amasamalira kunyumba. Mwatsatanetsatane

Chomera chimafuna chisamaliro chokwanira. Komabe, mukamamupatsa zinthu zofunika, angakondwere ndi masamba okongoletsera komanso maluwa okongola.

Maluwa

Guzmania limamasula kamodzi chaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu cha moyo. Mtengo wooneka ngati maluwa owoneka ngati maluwa owoneka oyera ozunguliridwa ndi maluwa owala bwino. Amapatsa mbewuyo mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. Mtundu wawo ukhoza kukhala wofiira, wachikasu, lalanje kapena wapinki.

Kutalika kwa maluwa ndi miyezi 3-5. Kuti muwonjezere, madzi sayenera kuloledwa kulowa m'maluwa ndi perianths. Maluwa atatha maluwa, pang'onopang'ono amafa.

Njira yotentha

Chomera ndi thermophilic. M'chilimwe, kutentha kwake kwakukulu ndi madigiri 20-25, koma osapitirira 28; m'nyengo yozizira - madigiri 18-20. Ndikosayenera kutsitsa gawo la thermometer pansipa madigiri 15: duwa limatha kudwala ndipo silituluka.

Chomera chiyenera kutetezedwa ku zojambula ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi pa kutentha nthawi yakugwa nthawi yozizira.

Kuwaza

Guzmania yakunyumba imakonda chinyezi chambiri, moyenera 60-85%. Chomera chimafuna kupopera mbewu tsiku ndi tsiku ndi madzi osasenda kapena osadetsedwa. Nthawi yamaluwa, madontho sayenera kugwa pamaluwa ndi ma broker.

Pamwamba padziko lapansi mumphika, amalimbikitsidwa kuyika chonyowa sphagnum. Matanki okhala ndi madzi amatha kuyikidwa pafupi ndi duwa.

Kuwala

Maluwa amakonda kubalalika pang'ono. Ndilabwino kwambiri kuyika poto wa guzmania kumadzulo kapena kum'mawa kwawindo. Dzuwa lolunjika siliyenera kuloledwa kugwera pamasamba, makamaka masana: izi zimatha kuyatsa masamba, ndipo mabulangeki amatembenuka.

M'nyengo yozizira, duwa limatha kukonzedwanso kum'mwera zenera, kotero kuti kusowa kwa kuwala sikukhudza maluwa omwe akubwera.

Kuthirira

M'chilimwe, kuthirira ndi zochuluka, momwe nthaka imawuma; M'nyengo yozizira - yolimbitsa, dziko lapansi limayenera kuwuma bwino pakati pamanyowa. Zomera sizilekerera chinyezi.

Kamodzi pa sabata, madzi amathiridwa mwachindunji pachidutswa cha masamba ndikusiyidwa kufikira atamwa. Kutentha kotsika madigiri 18, madzi amatuluka kuchokera kunja.

Pothirira, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito madzi osalala kapena madzi amvula, kutentha kwake kukhala madigiri 2-3 apamwamba kutentha.

Mphika

Popeza chomera chimakhala ndi mizu yopanda chofunda, mphika wosaya ndi mulifupi wa masentimita 10 ndiwothandiza.Ndibwino kuti umapangidwa ndi zoumba. Poterepa, gawo lolemera komanso lamphamvu pamwamba silingawononge mphamvu.

Dothi

Chomera kunyumba chimafuna dothi lotayirira, lopepuka. Gawo lokhala ndi malo ogulitsa a bromeliads kapena Saintpaulias. Kuti mupange osakaniza nokha, muyenera kuphatikiza:

• Dera lopanda kanthu, peat yamahatchi, mchenga ndi sphagnum m'malo ofanana.
• Mapepala apadziko lapansi ndi utsi wa coconut mu chidutswa chimodzi, zidutswa za khungwa la paini, mchenga ndi sphagnum - gawo.
• Dothi lachilengedwe chonse, zidutswa za makungwa a paini ndi mchenga wofanana.

1/3 ya mphika uyenera kukhala ndi dongo lokwanira (liyenera kuyikidwa pansi).

Feteleza ndi feteleza

Palibe chifukwa chovala zovala zapamwamba zambiri. Kuyambira pa Marichi mpaka Seputembala, imatha kuphatikizidwa kuti imathandizira mawonekedwe a peduncle ndikuwonjezera nthawi ya maluwa. Kuvala kwapamwamba kwa bromeliad kapena orchid ndi koyenera. Mlingo - 2 times ofooka kuposa zomwe zasonyezedwa phukusi. Feteleza umathiridwa mwachindunji mu malo ogulitsira.

Kupatsira Guzmania

Mutagula, muyenera kuthira guzmania kuchokera pagawo loyendetsa ndikulowetsa m'nthaka yofunika michere. Ndizotheka kuchita njirayi pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodutsa, pang'onopang'ono ndikuzula mizu kuchokera m'nthaka yakale. Ndikofunika kuti musazule khosi la chomera.

Popeza guzmania imafa itatha maluwa, safunikanso kuikika zina. "Mwana" wolekanitsidwa ndi kubzala m'dziko lapansi latsopano amakhalabe ndi moyo.

Kuika ndikofunikira ndikofunikira kuti acidization ya dothi kapena ngati duwa silikhala mumphika.

Nthawi yopumula

Maluwa kunyumba alibe nthawi yotsalira.

Kuswana kwa Guzmania

Nthawi zambiri zimafalitsidwa ndi njira za pambuyo pake, nthawi zambiri - mwa mbewu.

Kufalitsa ndi njira

Maluwa atatha maluwa, pang'onopang'ono amafa, ndikupanga njira zina zofananira ndi masamba opatsidwanso mphamvu. Pakatha pafupifupi miyezi iwiri, masamba ochepa ndi mizu yofooka imawonekera mu rosettes achinyamata. Pakadali pano, amasiyanitsidwa ndi chomera cha mayi ndikukhala mumiphika, wokutidwa ndi polyethylene kapena galasi. Muli ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 26-28.

Kulima mbewu

Mbewu zimabalalika panthaka yopanga peat ndi mchenga. Chotetezacho chimakutidwa ndi galasi kapena polyethylene ndikuyikidwa pamalo abwino, otentha (23-25 ​​madigiri). Wobiriwira nthawi zonse amawulutsa ndipo dziko lapansi limapopera.

Kuwombera kumawonekera m'masabata 2-3. Pakatha miyezi iwiri, amathira pansi, ndipo pakatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi amakhala m'miphika yosiyana.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Zomera sizigwirizana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo. Komabe, chisamaliro chosayenera chingayambitse mavuto:

• Malangizo a masamba adzauma - chinyezi chochepa.
• Zovunda - chinyezi chambiri m'nthaka.
• Amafota masamba guzmania - kutentha kochepa.
• Matanga amtundu wamasamba - Kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus.
• White limescale pamasamba - kuthirira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi madzi olimba.
• Anazimiririka ndipo ana sakubwera - Kuperewera kwa michere (mwina ngati simukudula mzinthu zoyenda).
• Malo omwe ali pamasamba ndi otuwa. - zimayaka chifukwa cha dzuwa.

Mwa tizirombo, nkhanambo, nthata za akangaude, mealybug ikhoza kuwopseza

Mitundu ya guzmania yopanga ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Reed (Guzmania lingulata)

Amapanga kakhola kakang'ono, kozungulira kwamasamba ambiri owongoka okhala ndi m'mphepete yolimba. Mtundu wa tsamba latsamba ndi wobiriwira wowala, wowala. Kutalika kwa masamba - 30-45 masentimita, m'lifupi - masentimita 3-4. inflorescence yolumikizira imakhala pa peduncle yayifupi. Mabulogu ndi ofiira. Nthawi ya maluwa - yozizira - masika.

Mitundu ya hybrid ya buluyu wa guzmania imakhala ndi kukula kwamitundu yambiri, komwe kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito:

• var. Sardinalis - limamasula mu Marichi ndi Seputembara, mabulogu ndi ofiira owala, kufalikira;
• var. Flammea - maluwa amapezeka mu Julayi-August; masamba mpaka 30 cm, mpaka 1.5 cm mulifupi;
• var. Wamng'ono (zazing'ono) - limamasula mu June ndi February, ma brices amamanga ofiira, odalirika;
• var. Lingulata - limamasula mu Disembala ndi Marichi, rosette ndi yayikulu mokwanira, mabraketi ndi okhazikika, ofiira kapena ofiira.