Monstera ndi imodzi mwazomera zodabwitsa kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti kubereka kwamaluwa kuno ndikotchuka kwambiri, nyama zamtchire ndizobvomerezeka kwa izo. Nkhaniyi imanena za momwe monstera amawonekera ndi mawonekedwe a maluwa ake, komanso mitundu ndi mitundu ya chikhalidwechi.
Kodi monstera ndi chiyani?
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 18, mphekesera zinafalikira ku Europe za mbewu zazikulu zomwe zimakhala m'nkhalango zotentha ndipo zimatha kupha anthu. Owona m'maso adati pambuyo pa kuwukira kwa maluwa awa kuchokera pachamoyocho panali mafupa okhaokha opachikidwa pamtengowo. Zina mwa nkhanizo ndizowona. Alendo amabwera kudzaganiza kuti mizu yake siyabwino. Kugwa, amatha kumera kudzera m'thupi la munthu. Chifukwa cha nkhani zoterezi, monster amatchedwa Chilombo. Koma komwe monstera amakhala, palibe amene anganene. Anthu anali ndi mantha kupita kuthengo.
Batani kuthengo
Poyamba, asayansi adatulutsa mtundu watsopano wa Philodendron ku chomera, koma mu 1765 monstera adadzipatula mu chikhalidwe chapadera. Zinyama zoyambilira zokongola kwambiri zidabwera ku England mu 1754. Komwe monstera amakulira ku South America, mtunduwu unafotokozedwa molondola patatha zaka zana zokha kuchokera kwa Sweden Frederick Liebman, yemwe mu 1849 adasindikiza chithunzi cha zikhalidwe zaku South America.
Chomera chili ndi masamba akuluakulu ovekedwa ndi zitsamba zolimba.
Panali nthano zokhudzana ndi momwe chomera chimathandizira pakufa kwa apaulendo. Chilichonse chinakhala chosavuta. Anthu omwe adataika m'nkhalangozi adamwalira pansi pa tchire lalikulu la Monstera, ndipo kwa zaka zambiri mipesa idabaya matupi awo, ndipo zimawoneka zowopsa, ngati kuti chomera chidapha munthu. Chifukwa chake, alendo apaulendo sadzipangira okha usiku kapena pogona mu tchire la mbewu iyi.
Chipatso chabwino
Kafotokozedwe kakafupi cha Mtengo wa Monstera: Zinthu za Botani
Duwa ili ndi la mitundu ya Aroid. Dzinalo pomasulira mu Russian limveka ngati "chilombo." Mtengowu ndi wamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitengo yamaluwa, yomwe imakhala ndi mitundu 25. Duwa la monstera mwachilengedwe limafanana ndi chomera chachikulu kwambiri komanso chapamwamba, chomwe chili ndi mizu yolimba bwino.
Mlengalenga mu mizu ya masamba moyang'anana ndi zimayambira. Masamba amakhala obiriwira, onyezimira, ozungulira kapena ozungulira, ofunda mpaka 50 masentimita, omwe amapezeka pamtunda wautali - mpaka 35 masentimita, masamba atsopano ali kwathunthu, ndipo pokhapokha pazaka ndimawoneka. Masamba akangokulira, amapindidwa mu chubu ndikukhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira.
Tcherani khutu! Monstera amafunika kumadula masamba kuti mathayo amadzimadzi adutse mu mizu.
Kukula kwa tsinde kuthengo kumatha kufika mpaka 25 m, ndipo masamba okha - mpaka 85. Masamba achichepere ndi osalala, opangidwa ndi petioles zazitali. Pa phesi lalikulu pali mizu yambiri ya mlengalenga, mothandizidwa ndi pomwe mbewuyo imangamira chilichonse chomwe chikuyandikira. Pa inflorescence ndi chipatso chowoneka bwino, bulangeti loyera.
Kodi monstera imakula padziko lonse lapansi
Dziko lakwawo la chomera limadziwika kuti ndi Central, South America komanso kumadzulo kwa India. Koma ku bara lomwe monstera ikukula tsopano, sizovuta kunena. Pafupifupi kulikonse, mbewuzi zimatumizidwa kumayiko osiyanasiyana.
Monga tsamba lokalamba
Zofunika! M'malo akuthengo, duwa limamera bwino m'nkhalango zotentha, momwe limagwa mvula mosalekeza, ndipo dothi limakhala ndi chinyezi chambiri. Chifukwa chake, mu nyumba yanyumba ndikofunikira kuti pakhale chilengedwe chambiri ndi kuthirira.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya monstera
Mitundu itatu yamitundu iyi:
- Monstera ndimakoma. Ali mwana, masamba ake amakhala osalala, maonekedwe amtima kapena ozungulira, ndipo m'maluwa akuluakulu amakula mpaka masentimita 80. Kunyumba, monstera wosakhwima samakula kuposa 2 m, ndipo m'malo obiriwira - mamita 10. Ngati mumasamalira bwino, ndiye kuti zipatso zazikulu zimapangidwa, zomwe kutalika kwake ndi 20 cm ndi m'lifupi ndi masentimita 15. Pamene mabulosi akacha, mumatha kulawa, kulawa amafanana ndi msanganizo wa nthochi ndi chinanazi. Koma ndikofunikira kuyeretsa chipatso musanachigwiritse ntchito.
- Borziga. Chimakula makamaka ku Mexico, masamba ali ndi pini tating'ono, mpaka 25 cm, oyenera nyumba. Poyerekeza ndi Delicacy, imakhala ndi zowonda kwambiri ndipo zimakula mwachangu.
- Kuzembera. Amatchulidwanso kuti exilate kapena chikwakwa. Amakula makamaka m'nkhalangozi za ku Brazil ndi Guatemala. Masamba ndi ozungulira, aatali komanso opapatiza. Ngati chipindacho chili chouma kwambiri, masamba ake amakhala ochepa. Malo omwe akuwerengedwa oswana ndi malo obiriwira osaphika. Ndi mmenemu momwe ma internode amafupikirako, ndipo masamba amafika mpaka 30 cm.
Tcherani khutu! Malamulo osamalira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi ofanana: muyenera kupanga malo oyandikira kwambiri mwachilengedwe.
Zinyama zachilengedwe za Habitat zachilengedwe
Malo okhala ku Monstera ndi gawo lakumwera kwa America, kapena, kotentha. Kunyumba, ndizovuta kupanga chomera choterocho. Koma ngati mumatsatira malamulo a chisamaliro, perekani duwa pachilichonse chomwe mukufuna, ndiye kuti ndizotheka kukulitsa ndi manja anu, koma sizingakhale pachimodzimodzi.
Momwe Monstera amachitikira
Mizu ya mlengalenga imangokulira pachomera, ndipo masamba odulidwa ndi okulirapo. Ma inflorescence ndi ofanana ndi zipatso zokutira zowola, duwa lokha limakhala lofanana.
Mizu yazomera
Mizu yotsatsa ndiyofunikira kuti monstera ipeze mchere wowonjezera. Popeza mtengowu uli ndi chinyezi chambiri kuthengo, iyi ndi njira yolimbikitsira zachilengedwe. Pansi pazachilengedwe, mbewuyo imamera mpaka 250 m.
Masamba a Monstera ndi oopsa kwambiri. Amakhala ndi mapangidwe ofanana ndi singano, ngati atha kukhala ndi maso kapena zotupa za munthu, zimayambitsa mkwiyo. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe chomera chimatengedwa kuti ndi chachikulu komanso chiphe.
Pali zikhulupiriro zambiri zokhudzana ndi duwa. Zodziwika bwino:
- Mphamvu vampire. Malinga ndi nthano iyi, duwa limapanga kaboni dayokisi usiku, chifukwa chake limatha kukwana. Amakhulupirira kuti chomera, monga vampire, chimadya mphamvu zamunthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chisathe mphamvu. Koma monga akatswiri akale a sayansi ya Feng Shui amanenera, zikhalidwe izi zimangokonda mphamvu zoyipa. Monstera imatenga magetsi amagetsi, motero nthawi zambiri imayikidwa pafupi ndi zida zapakhomo.
- Poizoni. Malinga ndi nthano zina, kanjedza la monstera ndi lalikulu - duwa lapoizoni. Zowonadi, mbewu yomwe imaluwa m'minda imadzipanga yokha. Ayenera kudulidwa, ndi mwa iwo pomwe pali gawo lina la poizoni. Anthu ambiri amawayesa, koma simuyenera kuchita izi, chifukwa mumatha kumva kutentha pakamwa panu, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu. Koma popeza monstera wamkulu samatulutsa kunyumba, ndiye kuti palibe chifukwa choopera.
Tcherani khutu! Zikhulupiriro zabodza za chomera chotentha sizikutsimikiziridwa ndi sayansi, ndiye mumasankha kuti mukhulupirire kapena ayi.
Kukula m'malo otentha
Pamene monstera limamasula
Maluwa amapezeka makamaka pakati pa chilimwe. Munthawi yachilengedwe pamtengowo, inflorescence imapangidwa kumayambiriro kwamasika. Njira ya maluwa ndi kucha kwa mwana wosabadwayo kumatenga pafupifupi miyezi 10.
Zofunika! Duwa limodzi lokha limawonekera. Chimawoneka ngati chimanga cha ma toni oyera. Colours imatha kusiyanasiyana kuchokera pa oyera-oyera mpaka vanila wamdima. Duwa lonse limakutidwa ndi madontho amiyala, komanso ndilalinso ndi bulangeti loyera mwanjira yamtundu.
Chifukwa chiyani Monster akulira
Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chilombochi chilalire. Nthawi zina mmera umalira ukakhala wopanda madzi, zikusonyeza kuti nthawi yakwana kuthirira.
Komanso, mvula ikafika, monstera amalira, madontho amadzi amawoneka m'mphepete mwa masamba. Ngati kuthirira ndizambiri, mothandizidwa ndi misozi duwa limachotsa madzi owonjezera.
Ngati mungaganize zobereketsa nokha, muyenera kudziwa kuti Monstera akukula liti. M'kati mnyumba ndikofunikira kuti pakhale nyengo yayitali kwambiri yomwe imazolowera. Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi ndi dzuwa ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuti mulime bwino.
Panyumba, duwa limatha kugwidwa ndi tizirombo ndi matenda osiyanasiyana kuthengo. Choopsa kwambiri kwa iye ndi chlorosis kapena kangaude.
Tcherani khutu! Ambiri olima dimba, ngakhale atakonda chomerachi, amakana kuchifalitsa ndikuchikula m'nyumba. Monstera, yemwe kwawo ndi kotentha, sasintha mikhalidwe ina. Duwa lalikulu chotere limafunikira malo ambiri kuti lifike pamtundu wake wamba ndipo limatha kukula momasuka.
Ndipo izi ndi zowona, kunyumba Monstera amakhala zaka pafupifupi 5, izi ndi chisamaliro chokwanira. Kuthengo, moyo umafika zaka 30, izi ndizosiyana kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, olima maluwa samalimbikitsa kuti zisungidwe zoterezi kunyumba, chifukwa sizikhala nthawi yayitali.
Nthano zambiri ndi nkhani zambiri zimalumikizidwa ndi duwa la Monstera, lomwe zambiri zatsimikiziridwa. Koma palibe amene angadziwe chowonadi chonse, chifukwa zinthuzo zinachitika zoposa zaka mazana atatu zapitazo. Komabe, mwanjira iliyonse, wina sangathe kutsindika kukongola ndi kukongola kwa duwa lakuthengo. Koma kuti mumvetsetse bwino zomwe monstera ali, muyenera kumuwona kamodzi. Kukongola kumeneku sikungayiwalike.
