Zokongola mwachilendo komanso zoyengeka, zachisomo komanso zowonjezera mpweya - zonsezi ndizokhudza maluwa, omwe amatchuka kwambiri pakulima kwanyumba. Koma si anthu ambiri omwe amadziwa momwe maluwa amatulutsa m'chilengedwe pamene anaonekera ku Europe komanso momwe adafikira ku Russia.
Momwe maluwa amakulira mwachilengedwe
Kwa okhala m'mizinda, ma orchid nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa pamashelefu, pazenera, kapena pazowonetsera. Amawoneka ngati achilendo, akumera nkhalango zotentha za Amazon.
Maluwa atchire
M'malo mwake, maluwa amtchire ndi chomera wamba komanso cholimba chomwe chimasinthasintha. Zomera zimapezeka pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi, nyengo zonse, kupatula ku Antarctica. Pa gawo la USSR yakale, pali mitundu pafupifupi 49 yazomera.
Mosakayikira, nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'nkhalango zotentha, pomwe chilengedwe chimapangitsa malo abwino kwambiri: kuchuluka kwa chinyezi, kuzungulira kwa mafunde amlengalenga, ndi chitetezo ku dzuwa lotentha.
Zambiri! M'malo otentha, mitundu ya mitundu ya epiphytic imapezeka, komanso nyengo yotentha.
Momwe maluwa a zipatso amakula
Misonkhano yonseyi, dera la maluwa okongola la orchid agawidwa m'magulu anayi:
- Gulu loyamba limaphatikizapo USA, Central ndi South America, ndi madera ena omwe ali kufupi ndi equator. Muno nyengo, nyengo zonse za maluwa zimapangidwa, kuti muthane ndi mitundu yonse ya maluwa;
- madera amiyala a Andes ndi mapiri aku Brazil, gawo la South Southeast Asia. Muno nyengo yotentha, sikuli kotentha kwambiri, koma chinyezi chokwanira kwambiri, chifukwa chake mitundu yonse ya maluwa amapezekanso pano. Apa ndipomwe phalaenopsis yodziwika bwino kuthengo imamera;
- Gawo lachitatu lachilengedwe omera pamaluwa limaphatikizira mapiri ndi mapiri omwe alibe nyengo yabwino kuposa malo otentha kapena makondwerero. Pali mitundu yapadziko lapansi, mtundu wocheperako wa mbewu za epiphytic;
- mdera lachinayi lotentha lotentha, malo okhala ma orchid sakhala wamba monga ena onse. Pali mitundu yocheperako yapadziko lapansi, kenako ochepa.
Malo ogawa ma orchid ndi akulu
Kutchula koyamba
Lero mnyumba mutha kulima orchid popanda zovuta, koma idachokera kuti mu megacities? Dziko lomwe duwa lenilenilo silikudziwika kwenikweni, koma tanthauzo loyamba limapezeka m'mipukutu yaku China, ya 500 BC. e. Malinga ndi mbiri yakale, wafilosofi wotchuka Confucius analemba kuti kununkhira kwa duwa kumafanana ndi mawu achikondi amitima achikondi.
Komanso ku China, asayansi adapeza cholembedwa cha 700 BC. e., lomwe limafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane momwe wojambula V. May adalima duwa mumphika wawung'ono. Kuyambira pamenepo, anthu padziko lonse lapansi aphunzira za maluwa odabwitsa awa, kukongola kwake, kununkhira kwake komanso mankhwala.
Koma, mwina, dzina lokongola kwambiri la duwa lidaperekedwa ndi wakale wa Greek Greek Theophrastus, wafilosofi ndi woganiza, atapeza chomera chokhala ndi pseudobulbs, adachitcha "Orchis". Kutanthauzira kuchokera ku chilankhulo cha Agiriki akale, izi zimamasulira "testicle". Ndipo zonsezi zidachitika m'zaka za zana la 300. BC e.
Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa orchid kojambulidwa ku China
Kuzungulira kwa moyo
Ngakhale kuti ma orchid amasiyana mitundu ndi mitundu, masinthidwe a moyo wawo amakhala aatali - pafupifupi, kuyambira zaka 60 mpaka 80. Koma zofalitsa zazitali zimapezekanso m'chilengedwe, zomwe zaka zake zimatha kupitirira zaka zana, ndipo sizokayikitsa kuti nyumba zoterezi zitha kudzutsidwa.
Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, mbewuzo zimakhala zopanda kuzindikira komanso zogwirizira. Sawopa kusintha kwa kutentha, ndipo kusowa kwa kuwala, mmalo mwake, kumazindikiridwa bwino.
Tcherani khutu! Kuyambira masiku a China yakale, idakulitsidwa mnyumba za mabanja olemekezeka, kudutsa cholowa, zomwe zimasonyezanso kutalika kwa maluwa.
Kodi mtengowo unabwera liti ku Europe ndi motani?
Orchid adabwera ku Europe m'zaka za m'ma 1800, pomwe oyendetsa sitima adazindikira zilumba ndi malo atsopano. Kunali kuchokera komweko kuti mbewu yodziwika bwino yokhala ngati aristocracy idabwera. Palinso nthano kuti munthu wina wachingelezi adalandira kabichi kouma ngati mphatso. Koma chisamaliro ndi chisamaliro choyenera zidapangitsa kuti akhale wamoyo ndipo adakula.
Zambiri! Ndi mlandu uwu womwe umawoneka ngati poyambira ku England wazovala zamaluwa, ndipo kenako ku Europe.
Ngati timalankhula za duwa lomwe amachokera ku Russia, limachokera ku Europe koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1800. Ndipo kampani yotchuka ya Sandler idachita izi. Duwa lidaperekedwa kwa Emperor wa Russia iye ndi banja lake.
Chifukwa chake, mu 1804, buku linafotokozedwanso pankhani zakusamalira ndi kukulitsa, kufalitsa maluwa. Mwachitsanzo, maluwa adafotokozedwa m'bukhuli, omwe adalemekezedwa ndi mkazi wa orchidophile wotsogolera ku Russia, K. Engelhard.
Vuto lachiwiri la kutchuka kwa duwa ku Russia limatchedwa nthawi ya nkhondo, pomwe maluwa ochokera kumayiko ena adabwera kuchokera ku Germany, komwe adakulidwa mwapadera m'malo obisalamo Goering. Zomera zonse zidasamukira ku Dothi la Botanical la Moscow.
Phalaenopsis orchid m'malo achilengedwe pamtengo
Malinga ndi zikalata zaboma, ora loyamba la Phalaenopsis orchid adabwera ku Europe kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1800. Phalaenopsis m'chilengedwe adachita chidwi kwambiri ndi otulukawo, pambuyo pake adathera mnyumba za anthu ambiri okonda zachilendo zachilengedwe.
Kukongola kwake kudabwitsa ambiri, ndipo alimi a maluwa amayesetsa kwambiri kuti abzale m'malo obiriwira, koma onse adawonongeka ndikulephera. Koma patadutsa zaka zana ndi theka, mtundu wa maluwawa otere pamtengo udawonekera pawindo la okondedwa ambiri ndi okonda maluwa odabwitsa awa.
Zofunika! Pakukulitsa orchid, mtundu ndi kutentha koyenera ndikofunikira. Koma wowonjezera kutentha sangathandize pano, popeza mtengowo umafunikira kuti mpweya uzinguluka.
Phalaenopsis orchid m'malo achilengedwe pamtengo
Mwachilengedwe, palibe amene anali ndi chidwi popanga mtundu wamtunduwu; iwo amakula ndi kubereka okha. M'malo otentha, amatha kupezeka pafupifupi kumakona onse, amatha kupachika pamalo alionse pomwe mungangoyika mizu. Mu tsamba lomwe limasungidwamo lokha, padunthanso kudulidwa, pomwe pamadzakhala maluwa kapena mbewu.
Dongosolo la ma epiphytes ndi lamphamvu, lili ndi makulidwe amomwe michere ndi michere imachuluka. Dera lokomera bwino kwambiri limaganiziridwa kuti ndi malo otentha pomwe nyengo zachilengedwe, kutentha ndi chinyezi, kuwala kambiri kumapangidwa ndi ntchito zenizeni za zaluso zamaluwa, zojambulidwa ndi mitundu ndi mawonekedwe.
Zofunika! Chomerachi chimapezekanso pamtengo, koma sichikhala amtundu wa parasitic.
Mu chilengedwe, mtundu uwu wa orchid umasinthidwa kuti ukhale popanda nthaka, kugwiritsa ntchito mitengo ndi mipesa ngati thandizo, wogwira ndi chinyezi ndi michere yambiri. Koma tandem chotere sichimapatula poti phalaenopsis imatha kumera paphiri komanso m'miyala. Chinthu chachikulu ndichinyontho yambiri.
Kuyerekeza nyama zakutchire ndi zoweta
Zofanizira zapakhomo sizingokhala zokhazo zomwe zimamera zachilengedwe, mitundu yosakanizidwa imaberekanso. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha ntchito yayitali komanso yopweteketsa ya obereketsa.
Komanso, zomwe zilipo za duwa sitingazikonzenso kunyumba ndi nyumba. M'mbuyomu, okonda maluwa awa adapanga zoyandikira mwachilengedwe momwe zingathekere kuti maluwawo azikhala ndikukula bwino, koma idali ntchito yopweteka kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, obereketsa pang'onopang'ono adapanga mitundu yatsopano yomwe inali yosafunikira pazikhalidwe, amatha kukhala omasuka m'nyumba.
Tcherani khutu! Masiku ano, m'nyumba ndi m'zipinda mungapeze mitundu ya maluwa omwe asintha kuti akule pamitengo, koma pansi. Ndipo amaziyang'ana pazokongola ndi zopanda ulemu.
Kuphatikiza pa izi, mitundu ya maluwa okongola a maluwa ali ndi nyengo yochepa. Ndipo ngati mwachilengedwe mtundu wamaluwa wamtundu wa orchid umasiyanasiyana pakati pa zaka 60-80, kapena ngakhale 100, ndiye kuti mitundu ya hybrid yakunyumba imakhala pafupifupi zaka 8-10.
Kusiyananso kwina pakati pa maluwa a m'mimba ndi omwe amakula mwachilengedwe ndizobiriwira komanso maluwa ambiri. Nthawi zambiri, maluwa abwinobwino amatulutsa duwa pachaka pafupifupi chaka chathunthu, maluwa akuthengo atulutsa maluwa okhaokha.
Kusiyana kwa maluwa okongola kunyumba
M'malo mwachilengedwe kuti maluwa odabwitsa awa atuluke, mutha kupeza maluwa angapo - oyambilira komanso osazolowereka, pomwe ena amatha kufanana mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Koma, ngakhale atakhala maluwa okongoletsa nyumba kapena toyesa kuthengo, onse ndi okongola kwambiri, ndipo ambiri amapanga fungo labwino. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngakhale pa zamankhwala ndi cosmetology.
Chifukwa chake, maluwa amenewa amakula pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi, pomwe pamakhala nyengo zoyenerera. Chinyezi chachikulu ndi kutentha, kuwala kambiri - ndipo apa pamaso pa wopatsa ndiye chilengedwe chodabwitsa ndi chilengedwe cha botanists.
