Asters ikamatera ndi kusamalira poyera

Astra ndi chomera chaudzu kuchokera kubanja la Asteraceae, kapena Astra. Amamera tchire, imatha kutalika mpaka masentimita 150. Zoyambira ndizowongoka komanso zolimba, masamba ndi osavuta. Ziphuphu zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a lilime, zimakhala zazitali kutalika, zophatikizidwa mumadengu. Pafupi kwambiri ndi pakati, amafupikitsa mafupa. Zapakati ndizapakaso chikasu, mitundu ya mitundu ina ikhoza kukhala chilichonse: buluu, pinki, lalanje, lilac, etc. Mbewu zazitali zimakhala ndi parachute kuti zigawike mosavuta. Pali mitundu 200 ya asters. Pali asters apachaka komanso osatha. Dzina lasayansi ndi callistefus.

Kufotokozera kwamitundu

Asters adabwera ku Europe kuchokera ku China. Dzinalo mu Chilatini limamasulira kuti "nyenyezi". Nthano ya ku China imati kamodzi mwa amonke awiri adaganiza zokhala ndi nyenyezi, ndikukwera mapiri a Altai. Pobwerera polephera, adakumanapo ndi dambo lodzaza ndi maluwa, ndipo m'modzi mwa amonkewo adadandaula kuti: "Timafuna nyenyezi kuthambo, ndipo akukhala padziko lapansi!" Adawatcha ndi dzina lawo - aster.

Mutu

Asters, kubzala ndi kusamalira kutchire komwe sikutanthauza kuyesetsa kwambiri, kudzakongoletsa dimba lililonse. Momwe mungakulire asters mdziko muno.

Kulima mbewu

Asters (kukula kuchokera kumbewu amafunika dothi lokonzekera bwino) amakonda nthaka yokhala acidic pang'ono. Zosakanizidwa zakonzedwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati dothi kapena dothi lakonzedwa pawokha: peat, turf, mchenga umasakanizidwa pokhapokha 2: 1: 0,5, theka la kapu ya phulusa la nkhuni limawonjezeredwa (kapena 2 tbsp.spoons ya dolomite ufa), ikazunguliridwa ndikuphwanyidwa mu boiler iwiri kwa ola limodzi. Ngati nkosatheka kuti musenthe nthaka, mutha kunyowetsa nthaka ndi yankho la potaziyamu potanganum permanganate kapena fungicide. Njira izi zimapangidwa kuti ziziteteza mbande ku matenda oyamba ndi fungus kuti mukule bwino mbande.

Choyamba, gwiritsani ntchito zing'onozing'ono. Mbande zolimbikitsidwazo amazika nazo kukhala mabokosi osiyana, mapoto kapena makapu. Astra imalekerera katemera ndipo imakula kwambiri.

Kusankha nthawi yoyenera yofesa

Mukadzala asters a mbande? Nthawi yabwino ndi koyambirira kwa Epulo. Mu wowonjezera kutentha, amatha kubzalidwa mu Marichi, koma osati kale, chifukwa mbewu zimasowa.

Kukonzekera ndi kufesa mbewu

Sabata imodzi asanabzalire asters, mbewu zake zimakulungidwa ndi minofu ndikuzikhatira mu njira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate. Pakatha maola 12, chinyezi chowonjezera chimaswedwa ndikuyikidwa mu thumba la pulasitiki ndikuyika malo otentha kuti kumere.

Mbewu za Aster ndi zazikulu, motero zimabzalidwe kochepa.

Kubzala, ma sapulawo amapangidwa m'nthaka, mbewu zimatsanuliridwa pamenepo, ndikuwazidwa ndi mchenga pamwamba ndikuthiridwa ndi yankho la potaziyamu potulutsa. Phimbani ndi filimu kapena galasi pamwamba ndikusiya kuti mutuluke pamalo otentha. Mphukira zomwe zikubwera zimayikidwa m'malo abwino.

Mbeu zosakonzedwa bwino zimamera masiku 5-10 mutabzala.

Momwe mungasamalire mbande

Ndikofunikira kuthirira aster kawirikawiri komanso kambiri, koma osathira, popeza duwa limatha kudwala mwendo wakuda (bowa).

Zikangotulutsa koyamba, chidebe chokhala ndi mbande chimayikidwa pamalo otentha komanso ozizira (pawindo).

Mbande za Aster zimatuluka bwino. Ngati dothi lazakudya zakonzedwa, feteleza safunika. M'dothi losauka, mbande zimathirira ndi biofertilizer kapena kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa patatha sabata limodzi ndikuwonjezera.

Kusankhidwa kwa malo ndi kukonzekera dothi

Nthaka yachonde yopanda acidic ndioyenera ma asters. Malowa amasankhidwa kowala, dzuwa, komwe kuthilira sikungasunthike pakakhala kuthirira.

Tikufika

Musanabzalire aster mumsewu, mbewu zimakwiya: muyenera kupita nazo kumsewu kapena kutsegula zitseko ngati mbande ikukula mu wowonjezera kutentha. Chifukwa chake amalolera "kusamutsidwa" ndikuzizira kotheka.

Ndikothekanso kuphukira mbande panthaka kuyambira pakati pa Meyi: Mphukira zomalizidwa ziyenera kukhala 10cm kutalika ndikukhala ndi masamba. Malo osalimba kwambiri a mphukira ndi pomwe phesi limalowera mumsana. Popewa kuvulala, maluwa amatenga madzi ambiri ndipo pambuyo theka la ora amachotsedwa m'nthaka ndi chotsekera mano kapena machesi.

Mphukira zimabzalidwa m'mizere yodzaza ndi madzi pamtunda wa 20-30 cm, pakati pa mitengo yomwe idatsala mpaka theka la mita.

Tikufika

Njira yobwereza

Ndikofunika kusankha asfer osatha, kubzala ndi kusamalira kutchire komwe sikovuta.

Kukula kwa maluwa a aster kuchokera ku mbewu kungachitike mwachangu panthaka. Izi zimachitika kumayambiriro kasupe. Mbewu zimakutidwa m'miyala yaying'ono, yokutidwa ndi dothi pang'ono pamwamba yokutidwa ndi filimu. Mphukira zikaonekera, filimuyo imayenera kuchotsedwa. Pakaphuka masamba atatu olimba, mphukira zimadulidwa kuti mtunda pakati pawo ndi 10-15 cm. Mbewu zowonjezera ziyenera kutulutsidwa mosamala ndikuziika pabedi lina.

Momwe mungapangire kufesa koyenera mu kasupe ndi nthawi yozizira

M'nyengo yozizira, asters amabzala m'dzinja, mu Okutobala-Novembala. Mukakumba, feteleza amawonjezera panthaka. Pamwambapo adakulungidwa ndi angatenge ndipo ma sapulawo amapangidwa ndikuwaphimba ndi lutrasil mpaka woyamba kuzizira.

Pazisanu zoyambirira, mbewu zouma zimafesedwa m'makonzedwe okonzedwa ndi dothi 2 cm.

Bedi lakutidwa ndi pulasitiki wokutira, m'mphepete limakanikizidwa ndi slats kapena njerwa. Mwanjira imeneyi, kufesa kumasiyidwa nthawi yozizira. Chapakatikati, pafupi ndi Epulo, polyethylene imasinthidwa ndi zofunda.

Ngati sizinali zotheka kukonza nthaka isanayambike chisanu, ndiye kuti pamtengo wotsika mungathe kubzala: kukumba dothi lozizira, onjezani phulusa kapena nyumba humus ndikubzala mbewu.

Kufesa

Kusamalira pambuyo maluwa ndi kukonzekera yozizira

Pokonzekera nyengo yozizira, ma aster safunika kuphatikiza (pokhapokha ngati mwadzala mwatsopano). Kuchepetsa mbewu kapena ayi ndikusankha payekha. M'nthawi zonsezi, nyengo imakhala bwino. Ngati zitsamba zouma zadulidwa, ndiye kuti maziko ayenera kuphimbidwa ndi masamba owuma. Ngati mbewuyo ili yofooka, imakutidwa ndi nthambi za spruce.

Kodi asters zimaswana bwanji

Pali zosankha zingapo zokulitsira maluwa.

Kugawanitsa

Aspennial asters amafalitsidwa pogawa chitsamba mchaka. Sikoyenera kukumba ma asters, ndikokwanira kupatula ndi fosholo. Njira yogawikiranayi imachitika pakatha zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zilizonse, ndiye kuti mbewuyo imasinthiratu ndikuchotsa ukukulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kukalamba komanso kukula kwa matenda oyamba ndi fungus.

Mutha kugawa chitsamba chaching'ono ndi masamba angapo. Chaka chamawa, gawo lililonse lidzakhala chomera chokha.

Gawoli

Kudula

Kudula kumachitika kuyambira Meyi mpaka Ogasiti. Tsinde likhoza kukhala korona wa tsinde ndi tsinde lonse. Malowa ndi omasuka. Asanadzalemo ma asters, kama wake umagona ubweya wamphesa, peat ndi mchenga mogwirizana ndi 2: 1: 1. Zodulidwa zobzala zophimbidwa ndi filimu.

Zomwe zimachitika posamalira mbewu pamtunda

Kusamalira ma asters sikovuta. Kodi muyenera kukumbukira chiyani?

Kutentha

Kutentha kwa mpweya sikuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kwambiri, chifukwa izi zimathandizira kuti bowa atukuke.

Kuwala

Malo a asters akhale otentha dzuwa, chifukwa mbewuyo siliwopa kuwala. Itha kubzalidwe pang'ono, koma maluwa osachepera.

Kuthirira

Mabedi amadzalidwa ngati dothi likuluma, kupewa kuthilira madzi osadzimitsa nthaka.

Pouma, mizu imakutidwa ndi udzu wouma kapena utuchi. Ngati kunja kukugwa mvula, siyani kuthilira.

Kuwaza

Kwenikweni kupopera mbewu mbande kapena mphukira zazing'ono panthaka. Mu sabata yoyamba, njirayi imachitika kamodzi patsiku, yachiwiri - kamodzi pa masiku awiri, wachitatu - katatu pa sabata.

Chinyezi

Chinyezi chadothi chimafunika pafupifupi. Kupatuka kwazomwe zimathandizira kukulitsa bowa ndi kuwola kwa mbewu.

Dothi

Nthaka iyenera kumasulidwa kuti ikwaniritse mpweya. Pamafunika kumasulidwa nthawi zonse ndikukolola namsongole, izi zimathandiza kuteteza ku matenda.

Mavalidwe apamwamba

Feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito katatu:

• Masabata awiri mutabzala;
• pakapangidwe masamba;
• musanafike maluwa.

Ma feteleza achilengedwe ndi phulusa la nkhuni ndi koyenera.

Kuwala

Kodi limamasuka liti komanso motani

Kutengera mitundu, asters pachimake kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe kapena pafupi ndi nthawi yophukira. Amagawidwa m'mitundu molingana ndi moyo wawo, kutalika kwa tchire ndi maluwa.

Odziwika kwambiri ndi asters:

• Wachichaina
• Alpine
• Chitaliyana
• Chitata;
• Siberia
• mitundu yazifupi;
• mitundu ya chrysanthemum;
• mitundu ya peony.

Maluwa akuluakulu amatulutsa zipatso za mitundu yotsatirayi:

• Chitsamba cha ku Italy;
• Galasi
• Gala
• Oktyabrina;
• White White

Maluwa ochepa kwambiri amitundu:

• mapiri amchere;
• Chingerezi chatsopano (American);
• golide osatha.

Zomera zimaphuka kwa nthawi yayitali, monga masamba ochulukitsa amapanga tchire. Ndipo mphukira umodzi umadzizimba kwa masabata awiri, kenako pang'ono pang'ono umazimiririka. Maluwa amatenga mu June mpaka Julayi mpaka chisanu choyamba.

Maluwa

Ikani pambuyo pogula komanso pakubala

Chomera chimaleketsa kuti chikwaniridwe bwino, chinthu chachikulu sikuti kuvulaza mizu, kukonzanso dothi bwino musanadzalemo ma asters (otentha kapena kuthira ndi potaziyamu permanganate ku tizirombo ndi kuwonjezera humus).

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo pakukula

Ndi mavuto otani omwe wolima dimba angakumane nawo akamakula aster?

Mavuto a masamba

Masamba amatha kutuluka chikaso, kuwongolera, kumawoneka timadzimadzi tambiri, kutupira komwe kumadzaza ndi spores kumatha. Mapeto ake, amapindika ndikuuma. Zonsezi ndi chizindikiro cha kufalikira kwa mbewu.

Tizilombo

Zina mwa tizirombo ndi:

• Ndime zamkati zamaluwa zimatulutsa thovu momwe mphutsi zimakhalira, zimatha masamba ndi zimayambira za duwa. Chifukwa cha izi, kukula kumacheperachepera, ndipo ndi kuwonongeka kwakukulu mbewuyo imafa. Pofuna kuthana ndi tizilombo, decoction wa fodya amagwiritsidwa ntchito: 400 g imayendetsedwa mu ndowa yamadzi kwa maola 2. Mu msuzi womalizidwa, madzi amawonjezeredwa ndi malita 10. Sopo yochapira pang'ono imawonjezedwanso kotero kuti mankhwalawo amamatirira masamba;
• cholumikizira chimadyetsa madzi a maluwa, masamba ndi masamba, kusiya madontho oyera. Pofuna kuthana ndi tiziromboti, mmera umathiridwa mafuta ndi yankho la malathion kapena pyrethrum;
• kangaudeyu amadyanso chakudya chomera, koma amakhala kumbuyo kwamasamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zachikasu komanso kuzimiririka. Kuti muthane ndi izi, ma asters amathiridwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa fodya kapena anyezi. Ikhozanso kukhala decoction wa yarrow;
• gamma scoop amadya pamlengalenga pazomera. Ndi mbozi yomwe gulugufe wa bulauni amakwerapo ndi mapiko kumapiko a zilembo zachi Greek "gamma". Amathamangitsidwa ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi chlorophos kapena karbofos;
• nsabwe za impso zimanyeketsa chomera (makamaka maupangiri) pa gawo lomera. Pofuna kuthana, vomerezani chlorophosomes kapena karbofosomes.

Ma nsabwe

Matenda

Matenda a mphumu:

• Fusarium The causative wothandizila ndi fungal matenda. Ma virus amatuluka munthaka ndikulowera mmera kudzera muzu. Masamba amayamba kufota, kutembenukira chikasu, kupindika, mawanga amdima. Chimawonekera kawirikawiri m'mikhalidwe yabwino (kutentha kwambiri). Chomera chomwe chikugwidwa chikuyenera kuchotsedwa, ndikukula ndikuthira limodzi ndi yankho la mkuwa wa oxychloride. Komanso, dothi limakonkhedwa ndi nthawi yachangu;
• mwendo wakuda. The causative wothandizila ndi fungal matenda. Mbande zimakhudzidwa: choyamba zimakhala zakuda, kenako tsinde zimayamba kuvunda. Chomera chodwala chimachotsedwa, ena onse amawachira ndi yankho la bulitchi. Nthaka yozungulira mbewuzo imakonkhedwa ndi mchenga;
• dzimbiri. Masamba amatupa kumbuyo. Mapoteni odzazidwa ndi mawonekedwe a spores. Zomera zomwe zakhudzidwa zimapoperedwa ndi chisakanizo cha sulufu ndi laimu mu mulingo wa 1: 1 kapena madzi a Bordeaux;
• jaundice. Wothandizirana ndi causative ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndi ma cicadas. Masamba amayamba kupepuka ndi kutaya pigment. Kukula kumachepera, masamba amatembenukira obiriwira. Zomera zomwe zimakhudzidwa zimachotsedwa. Pofuna kuthana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, timapakidwa ndi feverfew kapena ma playelik. Popewa matendawa, ndikofunikira kulimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba (kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi kupukutira kapena kulowetsedwa kwa yarrow).

Matendawa

Zizindikiro zosamalidwa bwino

Ngakhale ma asters amaonedwa ngati mitundu yopanda ulemu, amafunikirabe chisamaliro.

• Duwa limachita mantha ndi chilala, koma kukonzekera kwake kumavulanso: ndikusowa kwa madzi, chomera chimawuma, ndi chowonjezera - chimazungulira.
• Asters amafunika kudulira: izi zimawateteza ku tizirombo ndi matenda.
• Maonekedwe a zilonda komanso chifukwa chakusamalidwa bwino kwa dothi.

Mulimonsemo, asters ndi oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yawo. Chachikulu ndikusankha mitundu, mubzale bwino ndikupereka zinthu zofunika. Ndipo pamenepo maluwa adzakondwera ndi chilimwe chonse mpaka nthawi yophukira.