Chomera Vespernitsa Matrona (Hesperis matronalis) aka Hesperis, Night violet, Kukongola kwa Usiku kwakhala zaka 300 zapitazo. Mtengo wosasinthika uwu ndi chomera chabwino kwambiri cha uchi, chomwe chimayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi wamaluwa chifukwa cha fungo lokhazikika. Mu Middle Ages, chovala chachikasu chamadzulo chinkagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala, ndipo tsopano chimangobzalidwa kuti chikhale chokongola.
Kodi madzulo a matron amawoneka bwanji?
Hesperis ndi herbaceous osatha wa banja la Cruciferous. Mitundu yoposa 50 imamera mu vivo ku Europe, Asia, Siberia ndi Caucasus. Dzina la maluwa Hesperis pakati pa Agiriki limatanthawuza "madzulo." Izi ndichifukwa choti fungo losayerekezeka la chomera limayamba kukula dzuwa litalowa.
Maluwa amanikira
Zosiyanasiyana za Hesperis matronalis zimalimidwa makamaka m'minda. Zomera zimayambira koyambirira kwa chilimwe molunjika, zimaphukira mphukira za 0,5 - 1,21. Tsamba la mtengo wamadzulo limadalilika, serata, tsinde ndi lamphamvu, pang'ono pang'onopang'ono.
Mwanjira yokhala ngati cylindrical inflorescence, maphwando amadzulo amafanana ndi wina wosatha - phlox. Kusiyanako kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mitundu, pamtanda anayi. Duwa la Phlox limakhala ndi miyala isanu.
Hesperis yamaluwa yaying'ono (1.5-2 cm), kutengera mitundu, maluwa osalala kapena awiri. Mwachilengedwe, phale lamadzulo la phwando limayimiriridwa ndi mithunzi yoyera, yapinki, yofiirira ndi yamtambo. Pakutha kwa chilimwe, hesperis amapanga nyemba zosankhika (5-6 cm) pomwe mbewu zimacha.
Zokhudza: okonda maluwa amawerenga dzina lachi Latin la phwando lamadzulo la matron m'njira zosiyanasiyana: heseris kapena heseris. Ngakhale akatswiri odziwa zamalonda sazitengera dzina lolondola.
Kufotokozera zamitundu yochokera ku Hesperis matronalis
Vesester ndi chomera chomwe chimaphuka kumapeto kwa nyengo yophuka, patsogolo pa maluwa ena a m'munda. Hesperis nthawi zambiri imabzalidwa m'malo omwe mumatha kununkhira bwino. Ndikakhala koyenera kuyiyika m'njira, pawindo kapena pafupi ndi gazebo.
Gulu la mitundu yokongoletsera:
- Hesperis sibirica kapena chakudya chamadzulo cha ku Siberia: Chomera cha Siberia chomaliza 0,3-1.30 m kutalika, masamba ndi masamba ophukira ndi ubweya wonyezimira, maluwa obiriwira ofiirira, oyera, otuluka kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe;
- Hesperis Tristis - phwando lamadzulo kapena lachisoni kapena lamdima: chitsamba chowoneka bwino cha 0,25 - 0,60 m, chodziwika ndi mtundu wosazolowereka wa inflorescence - koyambirira kwa kusungunuka amakhala amtundu wa chocolate, pang'onopang'ono amasintha mtundu kuti ukhale wachikasu. Kutulutsa koyambirira, kuyambira kumapeto kwa chilimwe mpaka pakati pa chilimwe.
Chidziwitso: Fungo lake limakhala lalitali kwambiri dzuwa litalowa komanso mitambo. Pachilala, fungo labwino limafooka.
Mitundu ya matronalis a Hesperis amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maluwa onunkhira:
- Lilacina Flore Pleno - lilac-pink;
- Albiflora - lilac, mitundu yosiyanasiyana;
- Nana Candidissima - chomera mpaka 50cm kutalika ndi maluwa oyera onunkhira;
- Purpurea Plena - Hesperis wokhala ndi maluwa apawiri a utoto wofiirira.
- Malinovaya - inflorescence yayikulu ya utoto wamafuta, chitsamba ndi chachitali, masamba ochepa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kampani yazitsamba chokongoletsera;
- Rodmoskovnye vechera - ma inflorescence olimba kwambiri opakidwa utoto wa pinki ndi yoyera;
- Maluwa akulu akulu amitundu yonse amtundu wamtunduwu amaunjikana mumabisiketi otayirira.
Zosiyanasiyana zamaluwa a terry ndizoyenera kudula. Mthengo, amakhala masiku 10 mpaka 12 ndipo nthawi yonseyi amasangalala ndi fungo lokhazikika.
Kuzindikira kwa Matron Wamadzulo
Kulima mbewu
Chitsamba chazaka ziwiri zakupsa zipatso ndizokwanira kungoyika pansi ndikuchiphimba ndi nthambi za spruce kapena zophimba. Chapakatikati, pansi pogona, pali mbande zambiri zakonzekera kuzika.
Kuyambira pakati pa kasupe, mutha kubzala maluwa chamadzulo ndi njira yodzala:
- Mbeu zofesedwa zimabzalidwa mchidebe chosaya chodzaza ndi chotsekera chachitatu.
- Wosanjikiza wachonde amaikidwa pamwamba. Ngati nthaka yofesedwa yachotsedwa m'mundamo, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muziwaza pasadakhale ndi potaziyamu permanganate kapena foundationazole kupewa matenda omwe ali ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus kapena ma virus.
- Mbewu zimagawidwa panthaka, osayikidwa m'manda, amangowaza pang'ono, kenako nkuthiridwa ndimadzi ofunda ndikuphimbidwa ndi filimu.
Kutentha kwa 18 - 20 ° C, mbande zoyambilira zimatha kuwaswa m'milungu itatu.
Kusamalira mmera kumakhala kukhathamiritsa mbande ndikuthamanga nthawi zonse. Nthambi zofatsa zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zisamwe madzi, koma zothira mu botolo lothira. Masula dothi lozungulira mizu ndi machesi kapena mano.
Ndi mawonekedwe a masamba atatu kapena anayi owona, mbewu zazing'ono zimadumphira m'mbale zofunikira, ngati kuli kofunikira, ndikupitiliza kuyang'anira chinyezi.
Ma violets aang'ono amawokedwa m'malo okhazikika kumapeto kwa chilimwe - yoyambilira yophukira, mtunda wa 30 - 40 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake.
Zofunika! M'chaka choyamba mutabzala, mbande zimapanga zoyambira za maluwa, maluwa amatuluka kumapeto kwa chilimwe chaka chamawa.
Ngakhale mbewuyo ndi yopanda nthawi yachilengedwe, imalimidwa kwa zaka zosaposera ziwiri kuti ipeze mbewu. Pambuyo pazaka 3, mtundu wa mbeu yakuberekera zamitundu ina ikuipiraipira.
Zofunika! Chakudya chamadzulo chamadzulo chikufunika kuyambitsa mizu mutathirira, osamasula, mbewu zazing'ono zitha kufa.
Kubalana mwa kugawa chitsamba
Zophatikiza zosiyanasiyana sizingabzalidwe kuchokera ku mbewu. Zomera zomwe zimagulidwa m'masitolo apadera, malo ogulitsa kapena pazowonetsera zimafalitsidwa ndikugawa chitsamba. Ma Vesper ndi opanda chidwi komanso osinthika mosavuta ngakhale ndi mizu yopanga bwino.
Mosiyana ndi maluwa ambiri, hesperis amatha kupirira kupatsirana popanda malo pokhapokha ngati amachotsa inflorescence. Zowona, kuti izi, ziyenera kuthilira madzi ambiri masiku oyambira mutabzala.
Mawonekedwe a chisamaliro chakunyumba
Zomera ndizothandiza, osafuna kusamalira. Ndikwabwino kubzala phwando lamadzulo m'malo owala bwino, m'malo ovuta kwambiri, kumeta pang'ono ndikotheka. Nthaka imafunika mchenga wamchere pang'ono, wopangika, woyenera kwambiri.
Maluwa ndi a hygrophilous; mu nyengo youma ndikofunikira kuti muperekenso madzi okwanira. Kuthamanga kwamadzi ndi kupezeka kwakukulu pamadzi a pansi sikulekerera heseris. Mukathilira, muzu muyenera kumasula.
Chomera chimakhala ndi kutentha kwambiri kozizira, chimatha kulekerera kusintha kwa kutentha, sikutanthauza pogona. Makamaka nthawi ya chipale chofewa, ndi chipale chofewa chomwe chimasungunuka, gawo lakumwambalo limatha kukhala vytryat.
Feteleza
Asanayambe maluwa, phwando lamadzulo limatha kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wovuta. Samafunikira kudyetsa pafupipafupi. Ngati nkhani yachilengedwe itayambitsidwa, ndikofunikira kuti isamadandaule kuti isachite chipwirikiti chobiriwira popanda maluwa.
Nthambi za tchire bwino, kotero kubzala phwando lamadzulo kumayamba kukulira. Kuti tisunge nthawi yayitali ndi maluwa okongoletsera, mitengo yowuma idadulidwa.
Zofunika! Duwa silikhala ndi poizoni, koma odwala matupi awo amatha kuyambitsa mavuto osokoneza bongo: kuyabwa, mkwiyo wa pakhungu komanso mucous nembanemba.
Maluwa amadzulo mu maluwa
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo pakukula
Hesperis amakhudzidwa pang'ono ndi zinthu zakunja.
Amakhulupirira kuti chomera chimatha kudwala matenda ophatikizika ndi mbewu. M'malo mwake, phwandolo lingathe kuwonongeka kumunsi kwa slug kapena utunda wopachika. Ndipo awo ndi ena sakonda phulusa, utoto sulekerera chinyezi.
Zofunika! Ngati ndiwo zamasamba zakula pamalowo, ndiye kuti tizirombo mwina amakonda radish ndi kabichi kumaphwando amadzulo.
Monga mbewu zonse za m'munda, phwando limatha kukhudzidwa ndi matenda oyamba ndi tizilombo. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti matenda ndi tizilombo toononga zimawoneka kuti sizitsatira tekinoloje yaulimi komanso njira zodzitetezera pamalowo.
Amakhulupirira kuti phwandolo ndi duwa lomwe ndilofunika kwambiri ngati mnzake wamaluwa ndi maluwa. Mtambo wake woyera wonunkhira, wa lilac kapena wapinki udzaphimba kukongola kwawo kochulukirapo ndikwaniritsa dimba lanyumbalo ndi fungo labwino la usiku. Kuyambira okonda maluwa, mutha kuyesa kubzala izi pamalowo kudabwitsani abale ndi abwenzi.
