Maganizo a Holly ndi chitsamba chobiriwira nthawi zonse chomwe chimatha kukhalanso ndi moyo ngakhale mutazizira kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga mankhwala, kuphika, kukongoletsa maonekedwe komanso kupanga zodzola.
Kodi magonia padubolisty imawoneka bwanji
Maagonia osabisalira ndi a banja la Barberry - izi ndi dicotyledonous maluwa omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi dongosolo la Luciferous. Mulinso mitundu yoposa 40 yomwe imapezeka ku America ndi Asia. Mitundu yotchuka monga Apollo ndi Atropurpurea idalembedwa ndi alimi aku Dutch m'zaka za zana la 20.
Mawonekedwe
Kufotokozera kwake: Chomera cha mahoni chimawoneka ngati tchire lopanda minga wokhala ndi masamba osalala. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono amakhala ndi mtundu wachikaso ndipo amapezeka m'mitundu yayikulu ya inflorescence. Masamba amawumbidwa m'mphepete ndi m'mphepete mwa denticles. Zipatso ndi zamtambo. Ndikosowa kupeza chitsamba cha mahonia chokhala ndi zipatso zofiira kapena zoyera. Shrub amakula mpaka 1.5 metres. Masamba atagwa amakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira.
Mitundu ya magnesium ndi iti
Magonia amawoloka ndi mbewu kuchokera kumtundu wa barberry. Mwa mitundu yotchuka yokongoletsera, izi ndizodziwika:
- Walnut (f. Juglandifolia). Zikuwoneka ngati magonia holly. Kusiyana kwa masamba. Chomera chimakhala ndi masamba 7 ang'onoang'ono pa nthambi iliyonse. Masamba ndi wandiweyani ndi phesi lofiira.
- Wachisomo (f. Gracilis). Osiyana ndi mtundu wamba wamasamba atali.
- Golide (f. Aurea). Zomera za mahonia zotere zimakhala ndi utoto wagolide.
- Variegated (f. Variegata). Masamba ali ndi mtundu wapamwamba, wopanga mawanga obiriwira ndi golide.
Zambiri! Kusamalira mitundu yokongoletsera pamwambapa sikusiyana ndi kusamalira mahoni wamba.
Mitundu ya magonia holly yomwe imapezeka m'chilengedwe
Mitundu ina ya Mahonia ili ndi chikhalidwe chawo cha kulima ndi kusamalira. Pansipa pali ena mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri yolima.
Mahonia zokwawa (Mahonia repens)
Shrub ndi kutalika kwa 20 mpaka 50 cm. Masamba ndiwobiliwira wamkulu. Limamasula kuyambira kumapeto kwa chilimwe kumayambiriro yophukira. Zipatso zimacha kumapeto kwa nyengo yachilimwe. Duwa la mahonia lili ndi mtundu wa mandimu. Mtengowo umapulumuka ngakhale pakhale kusintha kwadzidzidzi mu kutentha.
Zokwawa
Japan mahonia (Mahonia japonica)
Kufalikira Mdziko la Japan komanso madera ena otentha. Imafanana ndi kakombo ka maluwa ooneka bwino. Chitsamba chimakula mpaka masentimita 150. Ma inflorescence amawongoleredwa mbali zosiyanasiyana. Maluwa amakhala ndi maluwa achikasu owala.
Chijapani
Mahonia Zima dzuwa
Zomera zimafikira 200 cm. Limamasula nthawi yozizira. M'mawonekedwe amakumbutsa anthu aku Japan.
Dzuwa lozizira
Magonia Fremontii
Chitsamba chimakula mpaka 300 cm. Chomera chaching'ono chimakhala ndi masamba obiriwira. Zipatso zake ndi zofiira.
Fremonti
Mahonia bract Soft Caress (Mahonia eurybracteata zofewa Caress)
Zomera zimachokera ku China. Masamba ndi ochepa. Maluwa amachitika nthawi yotentha. Tchire limalimidwa munkhokwe zapadera komanso m'malo obiriwira.
Mapulogalamu
Mahonia Neubertii
Kutalika kwa chomera sikupitirira masentimita 110. Masamba ndi ovoid mawonekedwe.
Newbert
Zambiri! Mitundu yomwe idatchulidwayi ndi yodziberekera ya barberry ndi mitundu ina ya mahonia.
Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa
Mitundu yotsatirayi ndi yolimba yozizira komanso yosasamala, yomwe imakopa chidwi cha wamaluwa.
- Magonia Apollo (Apollo). Tchire limakula kuchoka pa 50 mpaka 100 cm. Masamba 25 cm amakhala ndi m'mphepete mwamaso ndipo ali ndi ma masamba 7. M'nyengo yotentha, amakhala obiriwira, ndipo posachedwa amapeza mtundu wa bulauni. Maluwa amapaka utoto wa mandimu. Zipatso za buluu zakuda zimakhala ndi zokutira kwa peyala.
- Magonia atropurpurea (Autropurpurea). Kutalika kwa tchire kumafika masentimita 65. Masamba amabiriwira obiriwira. Kutalika kwake, sizidutsa masentimita 30. Maluwa ndi achikasu owala.
- Magonia Smaragd. Chowoneka mosiyana - masamba owoneka ngati amaroni opaka bwino ndi mitsempha.
Momwe Magonia amaberekera kwathunthu
Magonia imagundidwa. Chitsamba chimodzi chilibe zokolola. Ngati wolima dimba alima chitsamba ngati mbewu yokongoletsera komanso mabulosi, ndiye kuti ayenera kubzala mbewu ziwiri pafupi. Pali njira zingapo zofalitsira mahonia.
Kudula
Pakufalikira kwamatsenga ndi malo obisika, ndikofunikira kumayambiriro kwamasika kudula nthambi ndi masamba 6. Amabzala pamthunzi. Nyowetsani nthaka tsiku lililonse. Zisanachitike nyengo yachisanu yoyamba, zadulidwa ndizovunda ndipo zimakutidwa ndi udzu. Nyengo yotsatira azikhala pamalo okhazikika.
Kudula
Kugawanitsa
Kumayambiriro kwam'mawa, pomwe msuziwo sunayambe kuyenda mumtengo ndi nthambi, chitsamba chija chimagawika padera. Kudulira komwe kunakhazikika m'malo okhazikika munthawi zonse.
Kuyika
Pakuphulika, nthambi imodzi ya mbewu imatsitsidwa pansi ndikukhazikika ndi bulaketi yachitsulo. Masamba amachotsedweratu, ndipo phesi lomwe limatsitsidwa limathiridwa pansi. Palibe chisamaliro chowonjezera chomwe chikufunika. Chapakatikati, mmera womwe adakwanitsa kukula umasinthidwira kumalo atsopano.
Kulima mbewu
Iyi ndi njira yowononga nthawi. M'dzinja, mbewu zimafesedwa m'mabowo akuya masentimita 2. Zingabzalidwe mu kasupe pambuyo pamtunda kuchokera kutentha mpaka 0 mpaka +5. Mbande zatsala mumthunzi. M'dzinja amachepetsa ndikukhala m'mabokosi osiyana. Pambuyo pa zaka 1.5, mbande zimabzalidwa panthaka. Magonium ayamba kubereka mwa kuyamwa zaka 4.
Zofunika! Omwe alimi ena, pofalitsa chitsamba podula, amaphimba nthambi ndi mabotolo apulasitiki. Izi sizofunikira. Mizu yake imawonekera popanda kulowererapo.
Zolemba zam'munda
Kusamalira ndi kulima chitsime chophatikizira kumaphatikiza kuthirira tsiku ndi tsiku, kudyetsa, kuchiza chitsamba ku tizirombo, ndi kudulira. Chomera chimafuna chinyezi chochulukirapo, wamaluwa amathirira madzi bwalo loyandikira ndikuthirira nthambi zam'mwamba. Muyenera kuchita izi madzulo. Zitsamba zachikulire sizitha kuthiriridwa ngati nyengo sinali youma. M'nyengo yotentha, mbewu ziyenera kuthiriridwa kawiri m'masiku 14.
Chisamaliro
Zitsamba zimadyetsedwa kawiri m'miyezi 12: woyamba mu Meyi, ndipo wachiwiri kumapeto kwa February. Ma mineral complexes amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga momwe amakhalira. 150 g feteleza amafunika pa lalikulu mita. Kukonzekera zitsamba poyera kuti nyengo yozizira, kuwaza nthaka ndi kompositi kapena humus. Zosanjikiza zawo zizikhala zosachepera 6 cm.
Palibe njira yosamalirira mahonia popanda kumuika. Imachitika nthawi yonse yomwe ikukula. Chitsamba sichiyenera kuuyika kokha m'dzinja. Sadzakhala ndi nthawi yozika mizu ndipo nyengo yozizira idzafa. Komanso, chisamaliro chimaphatikizapo kudulira nthambi zodwala, zowuma komanso zachisanu nthawi yachisanu. Amachita kumapeto kwa February. Pofuna kuti tchire lisatheretu ndi kukhalabe otsika, kudulira kumachitika mu Okutobala mtengowo utatha kuphuka.
Tchire tating'ono timakutidwa ndi nthambi za spruce nyengo yachisanu isanayambe. Zitsamba zachikulire ziyenera kuyang'anidwanso pokhapokha ngati zingalonjezere chisanu. Chomera chimapulumuka mwakachetechete pansi pa chipale chofewa. Magonia amakonda dothi lotayirira. Njira yabwino kwambiri ndi nthaka, yopangidwa ndi humus, mchenga ndi sod.
Zofunika! Mvula ikamagwa, dothi lozungulira bwalo lizimasulidwa.
Kodi limamasuka liti komanso motani
Maluwa amatenga kuyambira Epulo mpaka Meyi. Magonia amatanthauza dongosolo la dicotyledonous maluwa. Ili ndi kalasi yomwe duwa limagwira ngati chimba, ndipo nyongayo imakhala ndi makhothi awiri omwe ali kumbali. Maluwa amakhala ndi manda 9 ndi ma petals 6 a mthunzi wa mandimu, omwe amasonkhanitsidwa mumabala ooneka ngati panicle. Masamba amakonzedwa m'mizere iwiri.
Maluwa
Ma Anther amatseguka m'njira yopukutira, kuchokera pansi mpaka pamwamba. Pakati pa manda ndi stamens mwa mitundu ina, mabwalo awiri azithunzithunzi amapezeka. Thumba lam'madzi lalikulu ndi limodzi ndipo lili ndi carpel imodzi. Mavuu amakhala ochulukirapo, mumitundu ina - yekhayekha, womwe umapezeka m'mimba mwa thumba lachiberekero.
Zipatso - zipatso za mtundu wabuluu. Amafika kutalika kwa 1 cm ndi 0.7 cm mulifupi. Pamwamba pa zipatsozo pali chifuwa chosaya. Mu chipatso chimodzi 2-8 mbewu.
Zipatso
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo pakukula
Magonia amalimbana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Komabe, mosamala mosamala pamtengowo, mumapeza dzimbiri, phokoso la ufa, komanso mawanga. Pansipa pali mndandanda wa matenda, komanso malingaliro a chithandizo chawo.
- Kuwaza malo. Amawoneka ngati mawonekedwe amtundu wakhungu wamitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe ili pamasamba a chomera. Zitha kupangika ngati mbewu yobzalidwa pamalopo yokhala ndi mpweya woipa komanso chifukwa chosowa michere. Kuwaza matendawa kumachitika ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala okhala ndi mkuwa kapena polycarbacin.
- Powdery Mildew Ichi ndi matenda fungal omwe amakhudza masamba ndi zipatso za shrub. Amawoneka ngati zokutira zoyera. Amachiritsa tchire m'chilimwe, kamodzi pa sabata ziwiri zilizonse, amawaza ndi Topsin-M kapena karatan. Monga njira yoteteza, zitsamba zimaphatikizidwa ndi zosakaniza, zomwe zimaphatikizapo potaziyamu yambiri ndi phosphorous.
- Dzimbiri. Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha bowa. Chimawoneka ngati mawanga a lalanje pamasamba. Posakhalitsa, ma pustule awa amayamba kutha. Mukawakhudza ndi manja anu mumakhala mchenga wokola - spores wa bowa. Dzimbiri limachepetsa kukana chisanu, limadetsa zipatso. Kukula kwake kumathandizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa feteleza wa nayitrogeni. Cinab ndi zinthu zokhala ndi sulufule zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochotsa dzimbiri.
- Phyllosticosis. Matendawa ndi matenda ofala. Madera okhudzidwa amakhala bulauni kapena bulauni. Masamba amafa pakapita nthawi, ndipo maluwa amatuluka. Matendawa amafalikira ndi mphepo komanso mvula. Mafangayi pang'onopang'ono amayamba kulowa tsinde, komanso mizu ya chomera. Kuti muchotse, muyenera choyamba kuchotsa masamba omwe akhudzidwa ndi omwe agwa, kenako ndikuchiritsa chitsamba ndi fangayi.
Matendawa
Zizindikiro zazikuluzakuti wosamalira mundawo amasamalira bwino chitsamba ndikupanga mawanga, komanso zotupa zina, kugwa kwambiri kwa zipatso, masamba ndi masamba. Ngati mbewuyo idayamba kuzimiririka, ndiye kuti iyenera kusinthidwa kumalo atsopano, kudula malo onse owonongeka, madzi, kenako ndikuwonjezera feteleza m'nthaka. Ngati ndi kotheka, chitsamba chimapakidwa madzi ndi othandizira "achire".
Mwa tizilombo, magonium, ngati barberry, imakopa chidwi cha anthu otsatirawa:
- Ma nsabwe. Ndi kachirombo kakang'ono ndi mtundu wachikasu kapena mtundu wofiira, wokhala pansi pamasamba a chomera. Nsabwe za m'masamba pang'onopang'ono zimadya chitsamba. "Aliot" kapena "Kinmix" sizithandiza. Komanso, mankhwalawa amapangika pawokha posakaniza supuni ya fodya, sopo ndi 200 ml ya madzi.
- Chiwombankhanga. Chimawoneka ngati mbozi yokhala ndi mutu wakuda ndi miyendo khumi ndi isanu ndi umodzi. Tizilombo timene timadya timatulutsa masamba ndi masamba. Mankhwala "DNOC" athandiza kuti achotse.
- Moth Tizilombo timeneti timadya zipatso za mahonia ndi mitengo ina m'mundamo. Ndi mphutsi ya gulugufe wamadzulo wokhala ndi utoto wonyezimira, womwe umasiyira ana ake masamba kapena zipatso. Kutchetcha tizilombo kumayamba kudya msangawo mwachangu. Chotsani izi ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Kuti zithandizo zonse zizigwira ntchito moyenera momwe zingathere, musanayambe kupopera mbewu, masamba onse omwe akhudzidwa amadulidwa ndikuwotchedwa. Zimamwetsa chitsamba masamba asanatuluke.
Zofunika! Njirayi imabwerezedwa popanda vuto pambuyo pa masiku 20.
Gwiritsani ntchito kapangidwe kake
Magonia ndi ena mwa mbewu zokongoletsera. Zipatso zake ndi maluwa ali ndi mtundu wowala bwino womwe umakwanira bwino pakupangidwe kwadziko. Zitsamba nthawi zambiri zimabzalidwa kuti zimange lamba wokongoletsera nkhalango. Chiwerengero cha mitengo yamitengo m'munsi mwake ndi 3-5. Ngakhale kuti lamba wamtchire wotere ndiwofunikira kokha pakuwoneka wokongola, imagwiranso ntchito zina zofunikira. Mizere yamatchire mahogany imateteza ku mphepo ndipo musalole phokoso.
Tchire limodzi pakati pa udzu limawoneka losangalatsa, koma mbewu zotere zimafunikira chisamaliro chowonjezera. Popita nthawi, mizu yawo imayamba kukhazikika, yomwe imatsogolera kuimfa. Popewa izi, chitsime chimapangidwa kuzungulira thunthu. Amapangidwa ngati mawonekedwe a mpanda waung'ono kapena benchi. Chitsamba chimakumbidwa mozungulira kuti chitsetse.
Kapangidwe
Magonia imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga hedges. Kuwongolera kukula kwa mizu yake, pakubzala hedge, slate kapena mbale zachitsulo amakumbidwa mbali. Kuti apange contour yomwe mukufuna, maluwa atamalizidwa, nthambi zowonjezera zimadulidwa. Kumeta kumachitidwanso mchaka kuti muchotse nthambi zobiriwira. Pakapanda kuzizira kwambiri, pulasitiki imaponyedwa paminga. Kuphatikiza apo, opanga mawonekedwe a mapangidwe amapanga zitsamba zophatikizika zokongola ndi mitengo yokhazikika, maluwa a maluwa ndi maluwa.
Zomwe zimapangidwira magonium zimaphatikizapo ma tannins ambiri, ascorbic acid ndi alkaloids. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kwa mankhwala kumakupatsani mwayi wolimbana ndi matenda amitsempha yamagazi, matumbo, komanso kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, chitsamba sichitha kufota kwa zaka zambiri. Mukadulira, mbewuyo imabwezeretsedwa mwachangu. Magonia sazindikira kwenikweni pochoka ndipo amaleza kutentha.
