Honeysuckle imapezeka kwambiri m'minda yathu. Pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe ake, zipatso zake sizotsika mtengo monga ndiwo zochuluka mchere zomwe zimatsogolera mabulosi - sitiroberi, rasipiberi, currants. Ndipo chifukwa cha kuphatikiza kwake kwakukulu pazovuta zachilengedwe, mapiri a buluu tsopano adapezeka chifukwa cha ulimi wakumpoto ndi kum'mawa. Ngakhale nyengo yotentha imakhala yotentha bwanji, nyengo yachisanu komanso chilala cha chilimwe, nthawi zonse zimakhala ndi zokolola. Ku Russia, mitundu yoposa 70 ya honeysuckle imabisika, imodzi mwabwino kwambiri komanso yayikulu kwambiri ndi yayikulu kwambiri ya Leningrad.
Nkhani
Honeysuckle ndiofala kumpoto kwa America ndi Europe ndi mitundu yambiri. Wodziwika bwino kwambiri ndi buluu wobiriwira, zipatso zomwe anthu a ku Siberia ndi Far East adaziyika kale kuti azigwiritsa ntchito ngati zakudya komanso zopangira mankhwala. Ofufuza a Kamchatka ndi Primorye adafotokoza momveka bwino mapangidwe ake m'zaka za XVII-XVIII. M'zaka za zana la 19, T.D. Maurits adayamba kulima mabulosi abulosi m'mundamo, pambuyo pake I.V. Michurin adayala maziko opanga mitundu yatsopano ya honeysuckle ku Russia.
Masiku ano, sukulu yathu yobereketsa mabulosi kuchokera kubanja la honeysuckle imawerengedwa kuti ndi yabwino kwambiri padziko lapansi. Mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu idawonetsedwa pa Pavlovsk Experimental Station yotchedwa N.I. Vavilova, St. Petersburg. Tithokoze M.N. Plekhanova ndi mnzake adatha kupeza zokongola zamtundu wa honeysuckle, zomwe zidaphatikizidwa ndi assortment yamafuta azipatso osati ku Russia kokha, komanso m'maiko ambiri padziko lapansi. Akuluakulu amaphatikizira mtundu wa Leningrad chimphona chomwe chimapezedwa ndi njerenji ya Kamchatka honeysuckle.
Kufotokozera kwa kalasi
Izi ndi mitundu yakucha yakucha. Ubwino wake waukulu ndi zipatso zake zokoma kwambiri, motero chimphona cha Leningrad chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wopatsa zipatso wokoma kupangira hybrids zatsopano. Palibe zowawa konse mu zipatso, zomwe zimadziwika ndi mitundu ya Kamchatka ya honeysuckle. Zosiyanasiyana zimayesedwa kuti zitheke komanso zokulitsa zipatso zazikulu: zipatsozo zimatha kufikira 4 g - chifukwa chake dzina la mitundu.
Imakhala ndi kukana kwambiri chisanu - mphukira ndi mizu sizizizira kapena -40 ° C, sizikuchepa kutentha ndipo nthawi yakula - maluwa ndi mazira osataya mphamvu pa -8 ° C. Chifukwa cha kuzizira uku, honeysuckle ikhoza kumalidwa kumpoto, komwe chikhalidwe cha mabulosi chimakhala chochepa. Zosiyanasiyana zimasiyana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo.
Feature
Honeysuckle Chimphona cha Leningrad chimamera ngati msatsi wamtali (1.5-2 m) chokhala ndi korona wozungulira wapakati. Mphukira ndi zowongoka, zobiriwira zowala, zopepuka. Popita nthawi, khungubwe limapeza tint brownish, ming'alu ndi kunja kwa mizere yayitali. Masamba ndi akulu, ngati mawonekedwe owondera. Tsamba lamasamba ndilobiriwira lakuda bii, lowongoka, mpaka 6 cm mulitali, 3 cm mulifupi.Maluwa a honeysuckle limamasula ndi maluwa okongola achikasu achikasu.
Zipatso za buluu wamdima wakuda zimakhala ndi ma cylindrical mawonekedwe okhala ndi maziko ozunguliridwa. Khungu limakhala loonda, lowonda, lopanda kufupika, lotupa, komanso wokutira wamafuta. Zamkati ndiwofatsa, okoma ndi wowawasa, onunkhira, wopanda kuwawa.
Zopindulitsa zosiyanasiyana - mpaka 3 makilogalamu ku chitsamba, zaka zabwino mpaka 5 kg. Osiyana ndi kukhwima koyambirira - kale mchaka cha 3 zipatso zimawoneka, zimakhala ndi zokolola zabwino kwa zaka 25-30. Chizindikiro cha genotype ndi kuphatikizika kwa zipatso panthambi, zomwe zimathandizira kukolola. Mitundu yambiri ya honeysuckle imatha kuuchika; pachimake cha Leningrad, zipatso zapsafi zimakhalabe pach chitsamba.
Zosiyanazi ndizodzilimbitsa, zimamasula, koma osapereka mazira. Kuti mupeze mbewuyo, ma pollinators owonjezera amafunikira - ma honeysuckles ena a mitundu ina: Blue spindle, Lord, Blue bird.
Malamulo akumalo
Mukabzala zitsamba za honeysuckle, mawonekedwe a chikhalidwechi ayenera kukumbukiridwa.
Kodzala
Madera opepuka kwambiri, ambiri masana padzuwa, amasungidwa kuti ubzale. M'madera omata, zipatso zimachepa. Kukaniza kutentha kwakanthawi kumakupatsani mwayi wokulitsa mbewu m'malo otseguka, osayiyika mpanda ndi mipanda.
Honeysuckle ndi odzikuza popanga nthaka, koma amakula bwino pamiyala yamchenga yolumikizidwa ndi acidity. M'madera okhala ndi acidity yambiri, masamba amataya mtundu wobiriwira wowonekera bwino, mbewuyo imapereka kukolola konyansa. Zitsamba siziyenera kubzalidwa m'malo opanda chinyezi okhala ndi malo oyandikana ndi madzi pansi - ziyenera kugona pansi ndi nthaka ndi 1.5-2 m.
Tchire la Honeysuckle timabzalira patali pafupifupi 1.5m kuchokera pachilichonse kuti mbewu zomwe zakula nthawi yayitali zisakhudze nthambi zoyandikana, chifukwa ndizovuta kwambiri ndipo zimatha kuthyoka kwambiri.
Monga oyandikana nawo, mutha kudzala tchire la blackcurrant, barberry, dogwood pafupi - zikhalidwe zimayenderana. Koma honeysuckle iyenera kubzalidwa: liana lomwe likukula lophimba msanga tchire lonse lakhalira pafupi. Kuphatikiza apo, pollinating, mu zokongola honeysuckle, zipatso zimakhala zowawa.
Mabulosi amatha kupangidwa kuchokera ku tchire zingapo, ndikuziyika mu gulu. Ndipo mutha kubzala mzere ngati linga kapena kuwonetsa malire a malowo.
Nthawi yayitali
Honeysuckle ayenera kubzala nthawi matalala, zomwe zimachitika mwa iye kumapeto kwa Julayi. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yabwino pamtunda ndiyoyambira mu Ogasiti mpaka Novembala. Kubzala kumayambiriro kwa nyengo ndikosayenera, chifukwa masamba ku honeysuckle amayamba koyambirira: kumapeto kwa Marichi masamba amatseguka. Ngakhale zomeramo zodzala, zobzalidwa ndi dothi lalikulu, zikuvutika kuti zizolowere m'malo atsopano.
Kusankha mbande
Tsopano nazale amapereka mitundu yambiri ya mbande za honeysuckle mumbale. Zomera zotere ziyenera kukhala ndi satifiketi yomwe ili ndi chidziwitso cha mitundu, zaka, ma pollinators ofunikira. Ndikwabwino kugula zitsamba za 2 wazaka mpaka 40 masentimita, ndi nthambi zosinthika 2-3 zomwe impso zimawonekera. Mizu yoyenera iyenera kukhazikitsidwa, popanda zizindikiro zowola.
Simuyenera kutenga tchire lalitali (kupitirira 1.5 m) - mbewu zokulitsidwa ndikuzisokoneza zowawa, pambuyo pake zimayamba kubala zipatso.
Kubweretsa Nuances
Konzani tsambalo pasadakhale. Masabata atatu asanabzalidwe, kukumba ma 40x40 cm. Manda aikidwa pansi, gawo la nthaka yachonde yosakanizidwa ndi 20 L ya humus, 30 g ya superphosphate ndi 30 g yamchere wa potaziyamu (kapena 500 g phulusa). Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa Ava wopangidwa ndi zinthu zonse zofunika (15 g / m2) Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka feteleza, feteleza amasungunuka pang'onopang'ono. Zotsatira zake, mbewuzo zimadzaza kwathunthu ndi michere kwa nthawi yayitali - mpaka zaka zitatu.
Ndikotheka kusintha kapangidwe ka nthaka mothandizidwa ndi vermicompost: 1.5 makilogalamu owuma a vermicompost kapena 3 l yankho lake limasakanizika ndi dothi, ndipo nthaka idakhetsedwa bwino. Feteleza wachilengedwe wotereyu ndiwothandiza kwambiri kuposa kusakanikirana kwa mchere.
Maola awiri asanabzalidwe, mizu ya honeysuckle imamizidwa m'madzi kuti iwaniritse ndi chinyezi. Mutha kuwonjezera othandizira kukula a Kornevin kapena heteroauxin.
Ndondomeko zotsata:
- Pakatikati pa dzenje, nthaka yachonde imathiridwa ndi mfundo.
- Viyikani chitsamba, ndikonzanso bwino mizu mbali zosiyanasiyana. Zomera zopezeka m'munda zimabzalidwa ndi nyemba zadothi.
- Patulani nyemba, ndikupanga dothi bwino.
- Khosi la muzu limakwirira pansi ndi 5 cm.
- Amapanga dzenje kuzungulira chitsamba, kuthira malita 10 a madzi.
- Ikani zigawo za msipu, udzu wokulirapo 10 cm pamtunda woyambira.
Tchire la Honeysuckle mutabzala sitidulidwa, monga momwe zimapangidwira ndi mabulosi ena mbewu - kufupikitsa kuchedwa kwawo ndikukula.
Ukadaulo waulimi
Tchire la Honeysuckle lobzalidwa panthaka yabwino kwa zaka 2 sizifunikira kudyetsedwa. Komanso samachepetsa. Zomera zazing'ono madzi okha, udzu ndi mulch.
Kuthirira ndi kumasula
Nyengo, honeysuckle iyenera kuthiriridwa osachepera 5, ndipo nthawi zambiri nthawi yopumira. Kutsirira ndikofunikira makamaka panthawi yopanga thumba losunga mazira, kumapeto kwa Meyi - kumapangitsa kuti zipatso zikhale zochulukirapo ndi 15%. Kuperewera kwa chinyezi kumasokoneza kukoma kwa chipatso. Pafupifupi, malita 15 amadzi amamwa pachitsamba chilichonse, munthawi yomwe kudzaza zipatso, pakalibe mvula, onjezerani kuchuluka kwa malita 30.
Madzi omwe amatetezedwa ku dzuwa amawonjezeredwa m'miyala yozungulira yozungulira chomeracho. Mutha kuthirira tchire lonse ndi payipi yothirira. Mukakonkha, osati nthaka, nthambi, masamba ndi kuthilira, komanso mpweya chinyezi umachulukana. Komabe, pak maluwa, mtundu uwu wa ulimi wothirira suvomerezeka, popeza madzi amatha kutsuka mungu ndikufewetsa mungu.
Pambuyo kuthirira ndi mvula, chinyezi chikalowa mu dothi, muzuwo umamasulidwa mosamala kuti usawononge mizu yoyamwa yomwe ili pamtunda. Kenako ikani chithaphwi cha mulch, chomwe chimathandizira kuchepa kwa chinyezi ndikulepheretsa kukula kwa namsongole.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Kungoyambira nyengo yachitatu, honeysuckle adayamba kudyetsa. Chapakatikati, feteleza wa nayitrogeni amayikidwa pansi pa tchire (2 tbsp. Urea / 10 l). Popeza chikhalidwe chimakonda zakudya zamagulu, pambuyo pa kusungunuka kwa chipale chofewa, m'malo mwa mavalidwe apamwamba a mchere, ndibwino kumuthira manyowa ndi makilogalamu 10 a humus. Mu gawo la bud kukulira ndi mapangidwe a mazira, tchire limathirira madzi ndi yankho la phulusa (1 l / 10 l). M'dzinja, makilogalamu 5 a kompositi, 100 g la phulusa ndi 40 g / m amalowetsedwa kuzungulira thunthu2 superphosphate, mchere wa potaziyamu umawonjezeredwa zaka ziwiri zilizonse (15 g / m2).
Ngati feteleza wopangidwa ndi zovuta anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala, kamodzi pa zaka 3 kumapeto kwa nyengo, 1 tbsp. l kapangidwe kake ndikutseka dothi. Pakadali pano, feteleza feteleza wina sawafunikira. Pambuyo pokhapokha zipatso ndikuyenera kuyimitsa pachaka pansi pa chitsamba (chidebe cha humus).
Kudulira
Kudulira tchire kumayamba kuchitika kuyambira nyengo yachitatu, ndikupanga korona wokongola. Honeysuckle imakula mwachangu kuti isakuze chitsamba, ingosiyani nthambi 5 zolimba zokha, onetsetsani kuti mwadula mizu yophukira, nthambi zosafunikira zazing'ono, nthambi za gawo loyambitsidwa. Kudulira kochedwa kumachitika mu nthawi yophukira, masamba atagwa, pamitengo yovuta yausiku.
Popeza timaluwa tadzaza ndi tchuthi cham'tsogolo timabzala m'mphepete mwa masamba apamwamba nthawi yachilimwe, ndizosatheka kudulira kumtunda kwa mphukira kuchokera ku honeysuckle. Pakumapeto kwa nyengo iliyonse, nthambi zouma, zosweka, gawo lowonongeka la korona kupita ku mitengo yamathanzi limachotsedwanso.
Pofika zaka 7, zokolola za mabulosi zimacheperachepera, motere kuphatikizanso kudulira kumafunika. Kwa nyengo zingapo motsatana, nthambi ziwiri zadula kumizu, ndikuzisintha ndi mphukira zitatu, motero chitsamba chimapangidwanso pang'ono ndi pang'ono.
Mutha kuthira kudulira kwakukulu, kudula zitsamba zonse pamlingo wa 50 cm kuchokera pansi. Mphukira zochulukirachulukira ziziwoneka patali, ndipo chitsamba chidzachira.
Kukonzekera yozizira
Honeysuckle imadziwika ndi chisanu chomwe sichinachitikepo mpaka kalekale: mphukira siziopa kutentha kwambiri kwa subzero (-50 ° C), mizu siziwundana ndi -40 ° C, maluwa ndi mazira sanawonongeke -8 ° C. Pobisalira tchirepo; m'mawa mwa phokoso lozizira, iwo amangothirira madzi (30 l / chomera) ndikuyala kompositi.
Ndi kusintha kwakuthwa kokha kwa kutentha kwa nyengo nthawi yachisanu kuyambira -41 ° С mpaka thaws (2 ° С), kuwonongeka pang'ono kwa maluwa ndi nsonga za mphukira ndikotheka. Komabe, mbewu, zokhala ndi luso lotha kusintha zinthu, zimasinthasintha mwachangu mikhalidwe yamderalo.
Kuswana
Honeysuckle ikhoza kufalitsidwa mosavuta ndi mbewu, komabe, ndi njirayi, katundu wa makolo amatayika, chifukwa chake, amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ndi obereketsa.
Ndi zomeretsa, michere imasungidwa. Pofalitsa ndi zodula zodzutsa kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, zophukira pachaka zimadulidwa mzidutswa 20 cm.Dulani zodulidwa zimasungidwa mumchenga kapena utuchi mpaka masika. Pomwe thaws pansi, libzalidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha pamtunda wa 45zapothirira pafupipafupi komanso kutsegula pang'ono kwa mpweya wabwino. Pakatha mwezi umodzi, mizu imayamba. Kuyika pamalowo kumachitika pogona.
Zodulidwa zobiriwira zotalika masentimita 12 zimadulidwa kuchokera kuzakhula pachaka kumapeto kwa maluwa ndikubzala m'mbale zokhala ndi nthaka yachonde, yothiriridwa ndi yokutidwa ndi filimu. Kuti mupeze mizu yabwino, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito Aquadon, yomwe siangodyetsa mbewu zokha ndi zinthu zofunika kuziwongolera, komanso kumapangitsa nthaka kukhala yonyowa kwa nthawi yayitali. Nyumba yobiriwirayo iyenera kutsegulidwa kuti mpweya wabwino uume, kuti nthaka isayanike. Kenako ikadzagwa, mbewu zazikulu zimabzalidwa m'mundamo. Zodulidwa zoterezi zimakhala ndi moyo wopulumuka kwambiri.
Njira yosavuta yofalitsira honeysuckle - pogwiritsa ntchito zigawo. M'mwezi wa June, pamwamba pa mphukirazi mumakonkhedwa ndi dothi losanjikiza masentimita 5, litaikidwa ndi madzi. Alekanitseni ndi mayi pacho ndi chomera azikhala chaka chamawa chakumapeto.
Honeysuckle imaberekana mosavuta mwakugawa zitsamba. Chitsamba choposa zaka 5 chimagawika magawo awiri ndi mizu ndi nthambi zitatu. Popeza nkhuni mu honeysuckle ndizolimba kwambiri, kugawaniza chitsamba kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito nkhuni kapena nkhwangwa. Chitsamba chilichonse chimabzalidwa mosiyana.
Kanema: kuswana kwa honeysuckle
Kupewa matenda
Honeysuckle pafupifupi samadwala, pokhapokha kukamagwa mvula yambiri kapena mukakhala chilala chovuta kwambiri bowa umatha kuyambiranso. Sipezeka kawirikawiri pamasamba ndi tiziromboka. Njira zodzitchinjiriza zimathandizira kukula tchire athanzi.
Gome: Matenda a Honeysuckle
Matenda | Zizindikiro za matenda | Kupewa | Chithandizo |
Kuwaza malo | Malo owoneka ngati maolivi ofiira amawoneka mbali zonse ziwiri za masamba. Udzu umasanduka wachikaso ndikuuma. Kufalikira kwa fungal spores kumathandizidwa ndi kubzala kukula ndi kuzimiririka. |
| Musanafike maluwa, kuchitira ndi Hom (40 g / 10 L), 0,25% Ditan M-45, kubwereza pambuyo pa masabata awiri. |
Powdery mildew | Matenda a fungal amadwala honeysuckle pachilala. Mawonekedwe oyera ndi oyamba kuwonekera pamasamba, kenako pamaphu. Kukula kwa matendawa kumathandizira kukhazikika m'malo otetezeka. |
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Sowa soya | Mafomu achikuto chakuda pamasamba. Spores bowa amapanga povutira kumera kwa aphid. |
| Mu gawo la chulu wobiriwira, gwiritsirani ntchito 1% Bordeaux osakaniza 1% Fundazole, Tsineba (8 g / 10 l). Bwerezani sabata limodzi. |
Chifuwa chachikulu | Chitaninso zotupa pa mphukira zomwe zakhudzidwa. Masamba opukutika, amawombera. | Tulutsani tchire pafupipafupi. |
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Zithunzi Zojambula: matenda omwe amawopseza honeysuckle
- Kuthira malo kumatha kudziwika ndi malo owoneka ngati maolivi ofiira kumbali zonse za tsamba
- Powdery mildew - matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi omwe amafalikira mwachangu pachilala chachikulu
- Masamba omwe amakhudzidwa ndi bowa wamoto amatha pang'onopang'ono
- Ma tubercia ofiira amawoneka pamtundu wa chitsamba chokhudzidwa ndi chifuwa chachikulu
Kwa mawu. Zipatso za honeysuckle zokoma zimakondedwa osati ndi anthu, komanso ndi mbalame. Mpheta ndi mbalame za m'munda zitha kuwononga zipatso zambiri zakupsa. Pofuna kutaya mbewu, zipatso zimayenera kusankhidwa nthawi yomweyo zikacha. Njira yodalirika yachitetezo ndikuphimba tchire ndi ukonde.
Gome: Tizilombo
Tizilombo | Mawonekedwe | Njira zopewera | Momwe mungathandizire |
Ma nsabwe | Nsabwe za m'masamba kuyamwa madzi kuchokera masamba ndi mphukira. Zomera zimafooka, kukana matenda oyambitsidwa ndi majeremusi kumachepa. |
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Leaflet | Khungubwe la tsamba la masamba limadya masamba, zipatso, masamba, mphukira, ndipo ndi iye amene amatha kupotoza masamba. |
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Honeysuckle Fingerfly | Mboziyo imadya zamkati za mabulosi. Zipatso zosapsa zayilidwa ndikugwa. | Tulutsa chisoti chachifumu. |
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Chotchinga | Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timamatirira pakhungwa. Chitsamba chimauma ndi kufa. |
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Zithunzi Zithunzi: Tizilombo ta Honeysuckle
- Aphid madera omwe amadya chakudya chomera, amachepetsa mphamvu
- Mbawala za masamba obiriwira zimadya masamba, masamba, zipatso, mphukira zazing'ono ndikukhala masamba opindika
- Nthomba ya honeysuckle imalowa mkatikati mwa chipatsocho ndikudya masamba ndi mabulosi thupi
- Ziweto zimakumbira nthambi za honeysuckle ndikuyamwa madziwo
Ndemanga
Malinga ndi zomwe ndawonapo, zilibe kuwawa konse, mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, zimakhala ndi asidi wochepa kwambiri, chifukwa chake chosapsa kukoma kumakhala kokoma, mabulosi sakhala onunkhira kwambiri, koma pang'onopang'ono kukoma kwake ndikwachilengedwe.
ADEM//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=7459
Mitundu yanga imakulirakulira, koma zipatso zake ndi zazikulu kwambiri, zina zokulirapo kuposa zipatso za Balk. Giant. Kukoma kwake ndikabwino kwambiri, kukoma. Zipatso zambiri zowirikiza kawiri, zikuwoneka, nyengo yotentha yathu yamaluwa imakhala ndi zotere. Pali ma bumblebe okwanira. Tsiku lina ndimangoganiza - ndipanga zithunzi zabwino, koma pamene ndimafuna kusonkhanitsa lero - theka la mbalame lidadyedwa ndikuwononga lingaliroli. Ndizomvetsa chisoni kuti sanabisala.
Elvir//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=7459
Ndili ndi Nymph, Lord, Lebedushka ndi chimphona cha Leningrad, chodzala mchaka cha 2014. Dzulo ndidatola theka kapu ya zipatso kuchokera palimodzi: kucha, popanda kuwawa, kwakukulu. Pafupifupi kuchuluka komweko kunatsala kuti zipse. Tchire limakula bwino, ndinawabzala osavina, koma ndimayesetsa kuwabzala ndi zinyalala zomera zowuma, chifukwa Sanamwe madzi, ndipo chilimwe chatha chinali chotentha. Mwakutero, ndakhuta. Zinali zokoma kwambiri kupera ndi shuga ndikuwonjezera yogati yopanga tokha.
irina s//www.sadiba.com.ua/forum/showthread.php?p=908658
Ndili ndi chitsamba chomwe chikukula kwa zaka khumi. Kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi mamita awiri (koma osati 0.6 m). Mabulosi ndiwokoma, koma osati akulu kwambiri, ndipo osiyanasiyana alibe zipatso zambiri. Komabe, tonse timazikonda.
Andrey2013//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=7459
Posachedwa, chidwi cha wamaluwa mu honeysuckle chakula kwambiri. Choyamba, amakopeka ndi zovuta zosatsutsika zamtunduwu kuposa zipatso zina - kucha kucha kwapakatikati ndi zipatso zapadera za dzinja. Chodziwika kwambiri ndi chimphona cha Leningrad - chimodzi mwazipatso zazikulu ndi zopatsa zipatso zambiri za honeysuckle.