Kodi ma snowdrops amawoneka bwanji - mitundu yake ndi yotani

Mitambo yovuta ya chipale chofewa imawonekera m'nkhalango zamaluwa ndi m'minda yokhala ndi kusungunuka kwa chipale chofewa. Ichi ndi chizindikiro chenicheni cha kuyandikira kwa kutentha, chizindikiro choyamba chodzutsa chilengedwe. Pali mitundu yambiri ya chipale chofewa chomwe chimakhala chosalala. Wamaluwa atha kusankha njira yabwino pakusakira pamalowo ndi kukongoletsa maluwa, dimba lakutsogolo.

Kodi ma snowdrops amawoneka bwanji

Mitengo ya chipale chofewa ya m'nkhalango imakopeka ndi kusatetemera kwawo, kununkhira kwake, kudekha kwake, zomwe zimaphatikizidwa modabwitsa komanso kuthekera kopulumuka mu chisanu. Nthambi zoyamba za mababu zimapezeka mu Marichi-Epulo, pamene kwanyengo, ma bell-maluwa amatulutsa, ngati kuti agwada pansi pansi pa peduncle yopindika.

Chipale chofewa mu nkhalango yamasika

Chipale chofewa choyera kwambiri, chomwe chimapezeka ku nkhalango ndi m'mapiri ku Central Europe, pakati Russia, Caucasus, ku Bosphorus. Chipale chofewa chimalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira ngati chomera chomwe chili pangozi; kukolola m'nkhalangoyi nkoletsedwa chifukwa choopseza kuchepetsa kuchuluka.

Peduncles - masamba awiri obiriwira amtundu wamtundu wamtali mpaka 10 cm. Mphukira imatetezedwa ndi mbali ziwiri. Pa muvi uliwonse - duwa limodzi lokhala ndi miyala isanu ndi umodzi. Mitundu itatu yamkati imasiyanitsidwa ndi nsonga zobiriwira, mawonekedwe a conical, mozungulira - petals zazikulu zazikulu zamtundu. Kuphatikiza uku kumapatsa mbewuyo chisomo chenicheni.

Maluwa a chipale chofewa ndi chomera chomera, koma maluwawa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala chifukwa cha zomwe zili ndi alkaloids ndi ziphe, zomwe zingayambitse poyizoni. Mlingo wocheperako ndi pomwe mbewu imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera zosiyanasiyana.

Mtengo wa chipale chofewa

Duwa la chipale chofewa: Kufotokozera kwamitundu

Mtundu wa chipale chofewa - zimatengera mitundu komanso mitundu yokukula.

Nayi ena a iwo:

• Alpine chipale chofewa (Galanthus alpinus, Galanthus schaoricus). Imamera pakati pa zitsamba komanso m'malo opezeka kumapiri apakati komanso kum'mwera kwa Europe, Ciscaucasia. Ili ndiye mtundu wotchuka kwambiri wamaluwa amakono. Amaluwa kummawa koyambirira, amadziwika ndi masamba obiriwira komanso masamba obiriwira;
• Caucasian snowdrop (Galanthus caucasicus). Amakula m'mapiri a Central Transcaucasia, kunja kwa Tbilisi ndi dera la Stavropol. Masamba oyera oyera amtundu wamtambo wokhala ndi buluu wotalika mpaka 30 cm. Maluwa amatenga milungu iwiri koyambirira kwa Epulo;
• Bortkevich snowdrop (Galanthus bortkewitschianus). Amamasuka m'chigawo choyamba cha masika m'nkhalango za beech, pa humus, kumtunda kwa Kamenka, ku North Caucasus. Ma petals ndi lanceolate, wedge-mawonekedwe kapena ovoid, amtundu wakuda ndi wobiriwira wakuda;
• Cilician wa chipale chofewa (Galanthus cilicicus = Galanthus rizehensis). Limamasula kumapeto kwa dzinja kumapeto, pakati pa tchire ndi kumapiri a Kilikiya, Trabzon, Batumi, Asia Minor. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira, miyala yoyera yokhala ndi malo obiriwira;
• chipale chofewa chipale chofewa Elveza (Galanthus elwesii). Imagawidwa makamaka kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Europe, kuzilumba za Aegean, ku Asia Little, Moldova, kumwera kwa Ukraine. Ili ndi dzina la Wsonkhanitsa Elvez. Mitunduyo imasiyana kutalika - imafikira 25 cm, kukula kwa ma petals - ndiakulu, otambalala komanso onunkhira kwambiri. Maluwa amatha mpaka milungu 4; kwathunthu, mpaka mitundu 15 yazomera imalimidwa m'minda ya ku Europe;

Chipale chofewa chimamera m'mundamo.

• losongoka chipale chofewa (Galanthus plicatus). Imapezeka m'mphepete komanso pakati pa zitsamba za Romania ndi Moldova, Crimea, pachimake kumayambiriro kwamasika. Maluwa ndi akulu, amawerama, komanso fungo lamphamvu. Kupangidwa kuyambira 1592, pali mitundu yoposa 10;
• makanda a chipale (Galanthus platyphyllus, Galanthus latifolius). Kugawidwa m'chigawo cha subalpine ndi madera otsetsereka, m'mapiri ndi m'malo otsetsereka a Caucasus Range. Phula limakhala lotalika masentimita 22. Chokongoletsera kwambiri pakupanga maluwa;
• Icarius snowdrop (Galanthus ikariae). Imakula pachilumba cha Greek - Skyros, Andros, Ikaria, m'nkhalango komanso m'mphepete mwa dothi lamiyala ndi miyala. Imafika kutalika kwamasentimita 21. Maluwa oyera okhala ndi malo obiriwira amatsikira theka la tsamba;
• loyera ndi chipale chofewa (Galanthus nivalis). Imapezeka ku Central ndi Southern Europe, Ciscaucasia m'dera lamapiri kumapiri ndi tchire. Maluwa ochokera kumapeto kwa Marichi amatha mpaka masiku 30. Kupangidwa kuyambira 1500. Chiwerengero cha mitundu ndi mawonekedwe amafika 50. Mapiritsi okhala ndi masamba 12 ndi oyera komanso akulu, ali ndi malo achikaso.

Mitundu yotchuka

Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri yamapiri a chipale chofewa ndi maluwa amatchuka kwambiri ndi wamaluwa:

• Arnott - wosiyanitsidwa ndi masamba apafupi kwambiri a perianth kunja;
• Lutescens ndi wotumbululuka kwambiri, wodekha komanso wosamalira zikhalidwe;
• Charlock - pa peduncle pali mapiko aatali, maluwa omwewo ndi ochepa;
• Mitundu ina yotchuka ya mtundu wa terry: Lady Elpinston, Ophelia, Mtundu wa Pusi Green.

Zinthu zosamalira chipale chofewa m'munda

Kwa ma snowdrop, gawo lofunikira limachitika ndi:

• kuthirira. Dothi liyenera kukhala lonyowa kuti dothi louma pamizu lisume, koma nthawi yomweyo galanthus sakonda madzi osasunthika, momwemo amawoneka ngati tulips. Ndikwabwino kuti osadzalale m'malo otsika, pomwe madzi amadzaza, omwe nthaka sikhala nayo nthawi yokwanira;
• kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Imachitika pokhapokha nyengo yowuma;
• chinyezi. Ndikofunikira kukhala khola, koma osachulukitsa, madzi sayenera kuyenda;
• dothi. Nthaka iyenera kuthilidwa bwino mutatha kupanga manyowa, kumasulidwa. Ngati kapangidwe kake ndi dongo kwambiri, ndiye kuti ndiyenera kuwonjezera mchenga ndi chinthu chachilengedwe;
• kuvala pamwamba. Pakukonzekera kwachangu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuphatikiza manyowa ndi potashi ndi phosphate. Potaziyamu amathandizira pakupanga mababu abwino ndi maluwa. Zosakaniza za nayitrogeni siziyenera kutengedwa, popeza nayitrogeni amachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa masamba omwe amawola kuchokera ku chinyezi.

Zomwe zimasamalidwa nthawi yachisanu, nthawi yopuma

Zima ndi nthawi yopumula ya mababu: mu hyacinths, tulips, omwe amathandizidwa ndi distillation mu February-Marichi. Mapiri amdima achilengedwe, mitundu ya Elves, imadzibwereka bwino ku distillation - imasiyanitsidwa ndi maluwa akuluakulu. Mababu amakumbidwa mu June, obzalidwa m'mbale okhala ndi lotayirira lapansi mchipinda ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 15 mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala. Pitilizani kugwa pamalo abwino. Mutha kukumba miphika m'mundamo, koma pindikirani ndi isanayambike chisanu.

Kodi limamasuka liti komanso motani

Mitambo yoyera chipale chofewa imaphukira nyengo yotentha, koma nyengo isanakhazikike.

Zokhudza chipale chofewa tinganene kuti:

• mitundu ya maluwa ali mu mawonekedwe a wedge, lancet, ozunguliridwa, ozungulira, elliptical;
• mitundu - terry, yosalala, yokhotakhota komanso yamasamba;
• maluwa - kuyambira kumapeto kwa March mpaka kumapeto kwa Epulo.

Kusintha kwa chisamaliro pa nthawi ya maluwa kumangokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa feteleza - nthawi yogwira kukula imafuna kuvala kwapamwamba.

Kufalitsa kwa babu

Chipale chofewa chimakhala chomera champhamvu kwambiri. Kubzala babu kumachitidwa kumayambiriro kwa kasupe kapena kumapeto kwa Julayi ndi Ogasiti, mababu atatu akamakula. Pogula mababu, muyenera kulabadira momwe mizu ndi kukula kwa mbewu ya muzu - ziyenera kukhala zazikulu, ndipo mizu sayenera kukhala youma kwambiri. Moyenerera, babu amayenera kukhala ndi ana omwe amathandizira kubzala maluwa ngakhale m'miphika. Zogula zofunikira ziyenera kubzalidwa nthawi yomweyo kapena kusungidwa mumchenga wonyowa.

Kubzala mbewu

Chipale chofewa chimadulidwa chifukwa chofesa mbewu ndikufalitsa ndi mababu.

Muli ndi nthangala za mbande:

• chithandizo cha mbewu ikuyenera kuchitika mutangotola, apo ayi ataya kumera;
• kukonzekera kwa nthaka kumachitika ndi kumasula, kukhetsa ndi kuwongolera ndi magawo a pansi;
• kufika kumtunda kumachitika pakuya kwa masentimita 1-2;
• Kukula ndi moyo wa mbewuyo ndi pafupifupi masiku 20 mpaka 30 mphukira yoyamba itamera.

Mitengo yeniyeni ya chipale chofewa mu nkhalango imamera kuchokera ku mababu, koma mbewu zimatha kukhalanso ndi dothi lonyowa komanso kunyamula ndi tizilombo.

Ma snowdrop amakula ku tubers

Gawoli la zisa

Mutha kugawananso chomera chochulukitsa kukhala zisa ndikuchibzala m'nthaka yabwino. Kuchita koteroko ndi kothandiza ngati bulb imakula ndi ana aakazi akamakula. Mumsika mutha kupeza ma bulabu ang'ono ali ndi kuthekera kokula bwino.

Popita nthawi yachilimwe, gulu la mababu 7-9 amapangidwa, omwe amatha kugawidwa ndikusiya nthawi yozizira kwa nyengo yotsatira.

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo pakukula kwa chipale chofewa

Mwambiri, chipale chofewa chimadzipezera zokhazokha ndikusintha mtundu wobzala. Ngati babu lakuya kwambiri, limakula mababu ena ndikupitiliza kukula.

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo ndi chipale chofewa:

• matenda. Monga chomera chilichonse, chipale chofewa chimatha kutenga kachilombo kapena fungus. Zizindikiro: utoto, mthunzi wachikaso cha masamba, utoto wonyezimira, madontho akuda, mawanga. Ambiri ndimadwala chifukwa chonyowa komanso chisanu nthawi yozizira. Mankhwala, muyenera kuthana ndi mphukira ndi fungicides;
• Tizirombo tating'onoting'ono sitigwira maluwa ayi, chifukwa m'masiku awo okhalamo mulibe tizilombo. Munthawi yachilimwe, mphutsi ndi mphutsi zimatha kusokoneza mababu; kupewa, ndikofunika kuchotsa dothi;
• chlorosis imatha kuyamba pomwe mulibe zinthu zokwanira m'nthaka, kutulutsa bwino magazi komanso kusowa kwamavalidwe apamwamba, motero ndi bwino kupewa.

Mitengo ya chipale chofewa m'munda ndizomera “zanzeru”: izo zimayang'anira kubzala, chifukwa ngati kubzala kuli kwakuya kwambiri, babu watsopano amapangidwa kale pakukula, pambuyo pake kukula kwazomera kupitiliza. Kupereka kukongola ndi kusirira ndikwabwino kwa chomera chochepa ichi, chomwe chimathamanga kutuluka mu chisanu ndi kuyamba kwa thaws yoyamba.