Ma pansie, kapena, monga amatchedwanso, viola ndi maluwa okongola kwambiri omwe ndi ovuta kuwachotsa. Chifukwa cha nthano zomwe zimayendayenda, zimadzutsa chikondi ndi chikondi. Chifukwa chake, mbewuyi ndi yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa olimi, ndipo imatha kupezeka pafupifupi m'munda uliwonse.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Pansies amatchedwa asayansi, a pachaka, amtundu umodzi komanso osatha. Zimatengera nyengo yomwe duwa limakula. Samalekerera chisanu champhamvu. Makamaka owopsa amatha kukhala chisanu pang'ono chisanu ndi nthenga zam'madzi, kusinthana ndi chisanu chamadzulo. Chifukwa chake, kwa moyo wautali, ma pansies mu nyengo yozizira amakutidwa mosamala.
Zomera zidawonekera koyamba ku China ndi Japan.
Pansies
Tcherani khutu! Kunyumba, viola amabzalidwa kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, ndipo limamasula kutengera ndi mitundu ya masika kapena chilimwe.
Chomera chimadziwika ndi thunthu loonda lomwe limakhala ndi masamba ozungulira ndi maluwa okhwima limodzi. Mphukira yomwe idawonekera ili ndi miyala isanu, iwiri yomwe ndi yayikulu poyerekeza ndi inayo. Maluwa otumphuka amatha kukhala amitundu yosiyanasiyana: kuyambira oyera mpaka akuda okhala ndi malo pakati.
Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe ake okongoletsera, viola imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazachipatala komanso zodzikongoletsera. Kuti muchite izi, munthawi yamaluwa ochulukirapo, kumtunda kwa dengawo kumadulidwa, kumayikidwa ndikuyika mu chidebe momwe mumatha kusungidwa kwazaka zingapo. Chomera chili ndi zinthu zambiri zofunikira zake: insulin, ascorbic ndi salicylic acid, mafuta ofunikira, polysaccharides.
Zambiri! Chifukwa cha iwo, duwa limagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a pakhungu, chifuwa, chimfine, matenda am'mimba. Mu cosmetology, maluwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati masks ndi nkhope zotchingira ndikuthandizira kulimbana ndi totupa, ziphuphu ndi kukwapula, zimapangitsa khungu kukhala losalala komanso lonyowa.
Koma, ngakhale atakhala ndi zofunikira zonse, ma pansies amatha kutchedwa chomera chakupha. Ma inflorescence awo ali ndi utoto wachilengedwe E161, womwe umavulaza kwambiri thupi, umatha kuyambitsa ziwopsezo ndi kuwonongeka kwa m'mimba. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda otupa chiwindi amadzimatirana ali ndi mankhwalawa. Kuphatikiza apo, zina zimatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo monga kusanza, zotupa, ndi mseru.
Mankhwala
Kukula ma violets
Pali njira ziwiri zokulitsira maluwa - kuchokera kwa mbewu ndi mbande. Mwambiri, izi ndi zofanana, popeza mbande zimapezeka ndi kuphukira mbewu. Koma makamaka posankha njira ya munda wanu womwe, muyenera kuwongoleredwa chifukwa chakuti mbande zokhala panthaka zitha kupezedwa kumapeto kwa chilimwe, ndipo chomera chatsopano chidzaphukira chakumapeto ndipo sipadzakhala nthawi yosangalala ndi mawonekedwe ake.
Tcherani khutu! Ubwino wa njira yodzala mbewu ndikuti mutha kubzala maluwa kunyumba nthawi iliyonse pachaka mumphika kapena chomera, ndipo nyengo ikakhala yotentha, chomera chimangodzalidwa m'mundamo.
Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya mapani
Pali mitundu yambiri ya ma viol omwe amasiyana ndi mtundu, kukula kwake komanso mawonekedwe a ma petals. Koma zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malimi ndi mitundu iwiri yokha.
Viola wachikasu
- Mapale achikasu. Zithunzi pamaluwawo zimakhala ndi mtundu wachikaso. Mtengowu umatha kutalika masentimita 15, ndi wa gulu la zimphona za ku Switzerland ndipo ndi wazaka ziwiri. Yellow viola ndi chomera chosasangalatsa, chofesedwa ndi mbewu.
- Makatani amtambo. Ali ndi miyala yamtundu wamtambo wabuluu. Maluwa amakula ochepa kukula pafupifupi 5 cm. Blue viola amatanthauza mbewu zosatha ndipo zingabzalidwe ponse panthaka komanso m'miphika. Popeza ndi chomera chokonda kutentha, malo obzala ayenera kusankhidwa dzuwa.
Mitundu iyi ndi yotchuka kwambiri, komabe pali mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana yomwe imabzalidwa m'minda: mitundu yoyera, yayikulu ya pinki. Chomwe chimadziwikanso ndi viola chakuthengo kapena chamunda, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zodzikongoletsera komanso mankhwala.
Blue viola
Pansies: Kubzala ndi kusamalira poyera
Mukasankha mitundu yomwe mumakonda yomwe mumakonda, muyenera kubzala. Kuti vutoli likule bwino komanso kuphuka bwino, ndikofunikira kukonzekera bwino ndikuyala.
Kubzala mbewu za mbande
Ngati pali chikhumbo chofuna kutulutsa maluwa mu chaka choyamba, ndibwino kulima mbande kuchokera pambewu. Izi zikuyenera kuchitika mu February. Pakumera kwamtsogolo, poto wa maluwa kapena chidebe chimasankhidwa.
Kusankhidwa kwa dothi la mbande
Njira zosavuta kubzala ndikugwiritsa ntchito gawo logulidwa - mapiritsi a peat ndi coconut, zosakaniza zapadera. Ngati palibe malo ogulitsira pafupi, ndiye kuti mutha kukonzekera osakaniza mbande. Ndikokwanira mu yophukira kupanga gawo lapansi kuchokera munthaka yamchere, mchenga ndi peat ndikuisunga chipinda chowuma. Masiku 20 asanabzalire mbewu, nthaka imawuma bwino m'chipindamo.
Zofunika! Mukamasonkhanitsa osakaniza, muyenera kudziwa kuti ma violets sakonda dothi lokhala ndi alkali yambiri.
Kuti muyambe kufesa mbewu, ndikofunikira kuti mupange gawo lapansi: Asanayambe kusakaniza, zinyalala zonse, masamba owuma a udzu ndi masamba ochokera pazinthuzo zimachotsedwa.
Kukonzekera ndi kufesa mbewu
Nthaka ya mbande ikakonzedwa, mutha kuyamba kukonzekera mbewu yoti mubzale.
Popeza lero mitundu yopitilira 200 yamapani imadziwika, chisanachitike chomaliza muyenera kusankha mtundu womwe mukufuna kupeza. Samalani kutalika kwa chitsamba chamtsogolo, kukula kwa maluwa. Mtundu, nyengo yamaluwa ndi kukana chisanu ndizofunikira.
Tcherani khutu! Mutha kusankha mitundu yodzikongoletsera kubzala mu nyumbayo kapena kubzala panja.
Mbewu zosankhidwa zimanyowa mpaka zikumera zoyambirira ndipo zibzalidwe m'nthaka zidutswa zochepa. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti mbewu za violet zimasungidwa osaposa zaka ziwiri, chifukwa chake simuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zinatengedwa chaka chimodzi kapena kuposerapo.
Mbewu za mbewu zimamera mwachangu ndipo patatha sabata limodzi mphukira zoyambirira zimatuluka. Mtsogolomo, zimatha kusiyidwa m'chidebe chimodzi kapena kubzala mumiphika ingapo. Kuyambira pachiyambiyambi chodzala mpaka nthawi yoti mbewu zibzalidwe, zimatenga miyezi inayi.
Kubzala mbewu
Kusamalira Mbewu
Kuyambira pomwe zikumera zoyambirira zisanaonekere musanalowe pansi, duwa liyenera kusamalidwa bwino:
- yang'anani kayendedwe ka ulimi wothirira ndikuphatikiza kamodzi pamwezi ndikumavala pamwamba ndi feteleza wophatikiza;
- kusamalira kutentha osachepera 25 ° ะก;
- kusunga chinyezi chokwanira komanso kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ngati kuli koyenera;
- kupereka kuyatsa kofunikira.
Masabata angapo asanasokere kuthengo, ngati kuli kotentha kale pamsewu, mbande zimayamba kukonzekera. Kuti muchite izi, pamafunika kutulutsidwa tsiku ndi tsiku. Poyamba, mutha kusiya kwa theka la ora, ndiye kwa maola 4. Ngati zonse zachitika molondola, ndiye kuti maluwa adzawonekere koyambirira ndipo amawoneka bwino.
Zofunika! Okonzeka mbande kumtunda m'ma Meyi.
Kubzala mbewu panthaka
Kubzala mbewu panthaka ndikovuta kwambiri komanso nthawi yambiri. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu nazale momwe maluwa amakulira ndikugulitsa.
Kuti muyambe kubweretsa, kutentha kwa 20-22 ° C kumafunikira. Wokwezeka kwambiri amawonda ndikuwoneka ngati matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Mukayamba kufesa mu Meyi, ndiye kuti viola imatha kuyamba kutulutsa chilimwe, koma nthawi yozizira izikhala yovuta. Zikafesedwa mu June kapena Julayi, maluwa adzangowoneka chaka chamawa.
Tcherani khutu! Kuti mbewu zazing'ono zizika mizu, zimafunikira kupereka zowunikira zokwanira ndi kuthirira pafupipafupi, ndikudula nthaka mozungulira tchire kuchokera pamsongole.
Kusankha malo oti mubzale ndi kusamalira mbeu
Chilichonse mwa njira zomwe zasankhidwa kuti musankhe, mutabzala poyera, ndikofunikira kusankha malo oyenera. Awa akhale malo abwino oti aziwoneka kutali ndi mbewu zazitali. Dothi pamalo obzala liyenera kukhala lachonde, lotayirira ndikuchotsa namsongole. Ngati zinthu zonse zakwaniritsidwa, mutha kupitabe pamtunda, motsogozedwa ndi izi:
- Malowa adalembedwa chizindikiro, ndipo pakuyala mabowo amapangidwa ndi kuya kwakuya pafupifupi 20 cm, mtunda pakati pa mbande amasankhidwa pawokha.
- Bowo limatayidwa ndi madzi, kenako kumera mmera.
- Dzenje limakonkhedwa mosamala ndi peat kapena kompositi.
- Mbewu zikabzala, amafunikira chisamaliro chokhazikika ndi kuvala pamwamba.
Malo okula
Ndikofunikira kuthirira mbande zobzalidwa kangapo pa sabata m'mawa kapena madzulo, kutengera nyengo. Mumasuleni nthaka mutathilira ikhoza kukhala yotentha kwambiri. Ndi chinyezi chosakwanira mizu, maluwa amafota msanga ndikugwa. Mutha kudyetsa chomeracho kamodzi pa sabata. Feteleza ayenera kukhala ndi phosphorous, potaziyamu kapena nayitrogeni.
Zambiri! Maluwa ofukizika ndi mphukira zazitali kwambiri ayenera kudula ndi kuthiriridwa madzi nthawi yomweyo.
Kuteteza Matenda ndi Kuthana ndi Tizilombo
Pali mitundu ingapo ya matenda ndi tizirombo toyambitsa matenda omwe ali oopsa kwa viola.
- Powdery Mildew Zimakhudza mbali zonse za mbewu, zomwe pambuyo pake zimafa. Mutha kuthana ndi thandizo la emulsion yamadzi.
- Gray zowola. Amawononga maluwa kwathunthu. Sizimasinthidwa ndi yankho la mkuwa wa mkuwa.
- Mwendo wakuda ndi mtundu wa zowola zomwe zimakhudza muzu wa mbewuyo. Chimawonekera chifukwa chothirira kwambiri komanso dothi lokwinya. Palibe mankhwala.
Zilombo zazikulu za ma pansies zimatha kukhala nsabwe za m'masamba ndi akangaude. Ngati mulibe chidwi ndi mawonekedwe awo pa nthawi yake, ndiye kuti mbewuyo imayamba kufota ndipo ikhoza kufa. Kufufuza kumathandizira kuwachotsa mwanjira zapadera.
Tizilombo
Mukatsatira malingaliro onse obzala ndi kusamalira viola, chaka chamawa maluwa a violets amasangalatsa diso m'chipinda kapena pa munda.
