Ferns ndi mitengo yakale kwambiri ngati mtengo komanso chivundikiro papulaneti, yomwe sinathe kungowoneka bwino komanso kapangidwe kake, komanso mitundu ya mitundu. Amakhala m'makona onse a Dziko Lapansi, kupatula Antarctica, chipululu. Amapirira chilala, chinyezi, kutentha kwambiri komanso otsika, ndipo amalimbana ndi kusintha kwachilengedwe.
Ngakhale kuti masiku ano ferns sakupambananso m'nthaka, alibe kukula kwakukulu, amasangalala ndi kuyambira kwawo komanso kukongola kwachilendo. Woimira wawo wosangalatsa ndi fern Orlyak.
Mitundu ya Fern
Ferns pang'onopang'ono adalowa m'miyoyo ya anthu, osati monga zakutchire kapena zosowa zachilengedwe. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyumba kapena chikhalidwe chokongoletsera. Kuphatikiza apo, adziwonetsa okha mumunda wama pharmacological, mankhwala azikhalidwe.
Kodi Orlyak amawoneka bwanji?
Pali poizoni (wokhala ndi poizoni m'thupi la munthu) ndi mitundu ya ferns.
Ferns Zoyenera:
- Matteuccia struthiopteris - Common Ostrich. Mawonekedwe a Vaya amafanana ndi nthenga za nthiwatiwa, masamba amakhala pamwamba pamizu. Kugawidwa m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia, ku Transbaikalia, Altai m'nkhalango zachilengedwe, m'madziwe.
- Osmunda asiatica - Osmund asia. Chomera chaching'ono chomwe chimakhala ndi zithunzi zachidule. Kugawidwa mu Primorsky Territory.
- Pteridim aquilnum - Orlyak, fern wamba. Chikhalidwe cha masamba omwe chimamera chokha sichimapanga tchire. Amakhala pafupifupi dera lonse la Russia mu nkhalango zambiri zomwe zili ndi mitengo yambiri.
Ma Poizoni:
- Druopteris - Chithokomiro;
- Athurium - Wandering Skier.
Ma rhizomes amtundu wa fern awa amakhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta fluroglycine, poizoni wamphamvu.
Zofunika! Ndikotheka kudziwa kuti ndi fern uti yemwe angathe kudyedwa ndi mawonekedwe akunja: ndi udzu, yaying'ono kukula, wobiriwira wowala, wobiriwira. Zomera zapoizoni ndi zazikulu, masamba obiriwira akuda okhala ndi madontho ofiira.
Fern orlyak
Chimodzi mwazodziwika kwambiri ndi zofalikira Fern ngati papulaneti ndi Orlyak fern - chomera chowala bwino, chimatha kukongoletsa ngodya iliyonse m'mundamo, m'nkhalango kapena pafupi ndi malo osungira.
Chikhalidwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wowerengeka mankhwala - decoction wa mphukira amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti athetse kupsinjika, kuchotsa radionuclides, kuthetsa malungo, ndikulimbitsa mafupa. A decoction wa mizu ali ndi anthelmintic kwenikweni, amathandizira kupweteka molumikizana, komanso amathandizira kutsekula m'mimba.
Kufotokozera
Zofunika kwambiri pachikhalidwe:
- Kodi fern Orlyak amawoneka bwanji? Orlyak wabwinobwino ndi mbewu yokhayo ya banja la Dennstedtiev. Chochititsa chidwi pofotokozera ferns ndi waiyi, chokumbukira mawonekedwe a mapiko a chiwombankhanga chokhala ndi nsonga zopindika mkati. Nthawi zambiri Orlyak amafika masentimita 70, koma nyengo yabwino (Primorsky Territory) imakula kupitirira mita. Mizu yake imapangidwa bwino, ili mozama, chifukwa chomera chimamera mwachangu, chimasinthasintha zochitika zina zanyengo - mizu sizizizirira, siziopa chilala, kugwa kwamvula ngakhale moto.
Rachis
- Kodi Orlyak fern amakula kuti? Chikhalidwe chimapezeka m'makona onse padziko lapansi, kupatula Antarctica ndi chipululu, zomwe zimagawidwa ku Russia: m'chigawo chapakati, ku Siberia, Urals, Far East, ndi Primorsky Krai. Habitat - coniferous (pine) ndi deciduous (birch) nkhalango, komanso m'mbali, kukwera, maiwe. Imakula bwino m'mabusa, m'malo otetezedwa, m'minda yosiyidwa. Amakonzekeretsa mchenga, dothi lowala, miyala ya miyala. M'mayiko ena, fern amafalitsa mwachangu kwambiri kotero kuti amalimbana nayo ngati udzu.
- Kodi kukula Orlyak kunyumba? Fern ndi chomera choyambirira chomwe chimatha kukongoletsa ngodya mnyumbamo kapena phiri la mapiri m'munda. Ndiwosasamala, wosinthidwa ndi nyengo zosiyanasiyana, osasamalira chisamaliro. Orlyak amatha kuchulukitsa ndikugawa chitsamba, spores, rhizome, process. Kubala kwa spore ndi njira yayitali komanso yopweteketsa, yomwe kunyumba ndizovuta kwambiri kuyitsatira. Njira yabwino yokulitsira chikhalidwe ndikugwiritsa ntchito kugawa chitsamba kapena kubzala mphukira ndi muzu. Nthawi yomweyo, muyenera kupenda mosamala momwe fern imawonekera: tsinde, masamba, ndi mizu. Ayenera kukhala opirira, osapanga banga ndi zowonongeka.
Kuti mubzale Orlyak mumphika, muyenera kukonzekera gawo lamchenga, kuyikiratu miyala kapena miyala pansi. Chapakatikati, chomeracho chimasinthidwa ndikukhala malo omata, otetezedwa ku usodzi. Mchenga, phulusa laling'ono liyenera kuwonjezeredwa kunthaka, ndipo miyala ing'onoing'ono iyenera kuyikidwa pansi.
Tcherani khutu! Fern amakonda chinyezi, choncho amafunika kuthirira nthawi zonse ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.
Pomwe tizirombo (tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, touluka, mavu), ma tizirombo tomwe timagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuchepetsa korona sikuyenera - zilembo zakale zimasinthidwa ndi zatsopano mu kasupe.
Momwe mungakolole ndi kusunga fern
Orlyak ndi fern edible. Ku Russia, amadyedwa pang'ono, mbale za izi zimawonedwa ngati zosowa. Mdziko lapansi, makamaka ku Japan, zakudya zachilendo ngati izi za anthu azungu zimapangidwa kwambiri, chilangizo cha Orlyak achikunja ndichakudya chotchuka komanso chodziwika bwino.
Mfuti za fern wachinyamata - rachis amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chakudya. Amawoneka koyambirira kwa Meyi ndipo amafanana ndi chigamba pakuwonekera kwawo - pamwamba pa petioles wokutidwa. Mphukira imasonkhanitsidwa masamba asanaonekere - chomera chokhwima chimakhala chakupha.
Kutolere
Pophika, rachis sagwiritsidwa ntchito osaposa 30 cm, amawudula kutalika kwa 5 cm kuchokera pansi. Nthambi zimasanjidwa ndi utoto ndi kukula kwake, zolumikizidwa pamphepete pamwamba, kumanga, kudula chimodzimodzi pansi. Zimayambira zimatha kusungidwa zatsopano osapitirira maola 10 zitatola, ndikofunikira kuyamba kukolola rachis nthawi yozizira pambuyo pa maola 2-3 - izi zimasunga kuchuluka kokwanira pazinthu zofunikira.
Yang'anani! Palibe chifukwa choti mugwiritse ntchito mphukira zosaphika - mutha kuyambitsa kuvulaza thupi.
Nkhumba zimapaka mchere kuti apange mafakitale. Kunyumba, ma fern amakololedwa ndi kuyanika, kuzizira kapena kukoka.
Fern kuyanika
Kuyanika mizu kumakulolani kuti musunge kukoma koyambirira kwa mbewu. Mphukira zokulirapo ndi zazikulu mpaka 20 cm zimasankhidwa, zokhala ndi mchere m'madzi amchere kwa mphindi zingapo, kenako zimasamutsidwa kupita ku colander, kutsukidwa ndi madzi ozizira - izi zimathandizira kuti pakhale kutanuka ndikuwonekera kwa fern.
Billet
Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti tisakayeze rachis, apo ayi sangakhale opanda chifukwa ndikukhalanso. Mphukira zikayamba kuzirala, chinyezi chotsalira chitha kumira.
Pali njira ziwiri zopukutira zotsalazo:
- Poyera. Izi zimatenga nthawi yayitali komanso zimapweteka kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kukonzekera chipinda chouma bwino, kuyika fern papepala kapena gulidi yapadera yowuma masamba. Kwa masiku 5-7, mphukira nthawi ndi nthawi zimatembenuka, ndikuyika pang'ono.
- Mu chowumitsa magetsi. Njira yogulira zogulira. Mphukira zakonzedwa zimayikidwa mu chowumitsa zamagetsi chokhala ndi yopyapyala komanso yopukutidwa ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 50 kwa maola pafupifupi 6. Muyenera kusamala - nthawi yokomera zimatengera kukula kwa zithunzizi. Ndikwabwino kuti zisaziwume pang'ono kuposa kuti ziume ndi kutaya zotsatira za ntchito.
Kuyanika
Zithunzi zouma zimayikidwa m'matumba a nsalu omwe amayimitsidwa ndikusiyidwa mu mpweya wabwino kuti masiku ena owuma atenthedwe kutentha ndi chinyezi.
Malangizo. Mutha kudziwa mtundu wa zomwe mukugulitsika ndi mawonekedwe a rachis - mauma owuma bwino akhale ndi fungo labwino, pulasitiki, mukhale ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira kapena wonyezimira. Zikumera zitathyoledwa, zimatha kukhala zochuluka.
Chofunikira kwambiri pakukolola ndi momwe mungasungire fern yowuma. Mphukira zimayikidwa mu mapepala kapena matumba a nsalu ndikukhala m'chipinda chamdima chouma. Ndi chinyezi chachikulu, ndibwino kusamutsa zikondwererozo muchidebe chagalasi, chomwe chimatsekedwa mwamphamvu. Mwanjira imeneyi, bizinesiyo imakhalabe yabwino kwa zaka ziwiri.
Fern Frost
Njira yosavuta yothandiza kukonzekera mphukira yomwe imawoneka ndi kulawa mosiyana sikusiyana ndi chinthu chatsopano ndikuwumitsa ma fern:
- Zikumera zimasankhidwa, kutsukidwa, kudula zidutswa zoyenera.
- wothinitsidwa m'madzi amchere, wokhala pansi mu colander, wotsukidwa ndi madzi oundana.
- pambuyo pa madzi kuchokera kumabingu agalasi, amawuma pa thaulo kapena pepala, ozizira.
- rachis wokonzedwa wopangidwa kale amasinthidwa kukhala zippers kapena zotengera za pulasitiki, zomwe zimayikidwa mufiriji.
Kuzizira
Njira inanso yosangalatsa yokonzekera Orlyak ndiyo kunenepa. Kuti muchite izi, masamba owiritsa owiritsa amayikidwa mitsuko ndikuthira ndi marinade ndi msuzi wa soya, apulo cider viniga, adyo, shuga ndi mchere.
Pickling
Zotsatira zake ndimakudya osangalatsa omwe amafanana ndi bowa wokhathamira.
Kuphika chakudya chotheka
Orlyak ndi chomera chamafuta komanso chokoma chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zakudya zakum'mawa. Kuchokera pamenepo mutha kuphika masaladi, sopo, zokhwasula-khwasula, mphodza ndi mbale yokazinga. Mphukira zazing'ono za fern zimaphatikizidwa bwino ndi mpunga, Zakudyazi, masamba, nyama ndi nsomba zam'nyanja. Bracken ali ndi zotsatira zabwino pakupanga chimbudzi, ali ndi mavitamini ambiri, kuphatikiza apo, zopatsa mphamvu zake ndizochepa kwambiri - 34 kcal.
Zosangalatsa! Fern wokazinga ndiwotchuka kwambiri - njira iyi yokonzekera imathandizira kuti pakhale zowawa komanso zowawa za mphukira.
Yophika Fern Maphikidwe
Pafupipafupi maphikidwe onse, mutha kuphika mwatsopano, wowuma, wowuma ndi mchere wa fern. Ndi ma nuances ena okha omwe akuyenera kukumbukiridwa: tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizilowerera zithunzi zouma kwa maola angapo m'madzi ofunda, omwe amakhala ndi mchere - ndizofunikira kuti muzitsuka bwino.
Ndi anyezi
2 sing'anga anyezi kusema theka mphete, mwachangu mu masamba mafuta mpaka golide bulauni, kuwonjezera pa poto 500 g akanadulidwa tating'ono ting'ono yophika fern, mwachangu kwa mphindi zingapo. Ichi ndi chakudya chosavuta koma chokoma. Ngati mukufuna, mutha kuwonjezera kaloti, nyengo ndi kirimu wowawasa ndi mayonesi. Ngati okoleretsa ndi msuzi wa soya, mumapeza fern yaku Korea.
Zakudya za Fern
Ndi mbatata
300 g ya nthenga zophika ziyenera kukazinga ndi chipolopolo cha Krisimasi, kuyikika mbale. Ikani magalamu 500 a mbatata, kudula muzitali zazitali mu poto, mwachangu mpaka kuphika. Mchere, tsabola, kutsanulira fern wokonzedwayo. Ngati mukufuna, mutha kuwonjezera anyezi, adyo. Mbatata zimapeza kununkhira kwa bowa.
Ndi nyama
Nyama imadulidwa kukhala magawo oonda, osankhidwa ndi mchere, tsabola, msuzi wa soya. Anyezi amadulidwa m'mphetezo theka, yokazinga mu mafuta a masamba, ndikuchotsa pambale. Nyama imayikidwa mu chiwaya, yokazinga ndi khungu loyera, yobweretsedwa kukonzekera pang'ono.
Ndi nyama
Mphukira zakonzedwa zimayikidwa pa nyama, anyezi amawonjezeredwa. Ngati mungafune, mutha kupaka mbale ndi wowawasa wowawasa kapena msuzi wa soya, kuwonjezera zitsulo.
Ngati fern ndi owawa
Pokonzekera rachis, mutha kukumana ndi vuto lambiri - fern ndiwowawa, akusintha mwamphamvu kukoma kwa mbale. Ndikosavuta bwanji kuchotsa mkwiyo ku fern? Zosavuta: zilowetsani mphukira kwa maola angapo m'madzi amchere, sinthani madzi kangapo.
Kenako muzimutsuka ndikuliphika ndikuphika kwa mphindi 6- 6 ndi mchere. Zikumera zoterezi ndi zokonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito kapena kupitiriza kukolola ndi kusungira.
Fern Orlyak si chomera chokongola chokha. Itha kubzalidwa kunyumba, kukongoletsa ndi phiri la Alpine kapena ngodya m'munda. Kuphatikiza apo, chikhalidwecho chimayamikiridwa chifukwa cha zinthu zake zopindulitsa ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala. Orlyak ndi fern edible; zakudya zokometsera zimakonzedwa kuchokera ku izo, yokazinga, kuzifutsa, ndikukolola nyengo yachisanu.
