Osati kale kwambiri, baka la nasturtium lidayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa mabedi a maluwa. Mpaka mzaka za m'ma 1600, mbewu iyi idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zonunkhira ndi fungo lachilendo. Kunyumba yaku Nasturtium, ku Central America, anthu am'derali adadya mizu ya mtengowo. Ku Europe, adayamba kuyang'ana kukoma kwa masamba, maluwa ndi zipatso, kenako adayamba kukongoletsa mabedi amaluwa m'minda yomwe ili ndi tchire lokongola lowoneka bwino.
Matenda a nasturtium ndi chithandizo chawo
Mbewu za nasturtium, yomwe ili ndi dzina lachiwiri capuchin (lat. Tropaéolum), oyendetsa sitima apakati pano omwe amabwerera kuchokera ku maulendo aku America, adawathandizira ngati scurvy ndi chimfine. Mpaka pano, magawo a chomera amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala azikhalidwe, cosmetology komanso kuphika.
Nasturtiums monga chokongoletsera khoma la nyumba
Koma chomeracho chimatha kupwetekanso - chitsamba chobiriwira chomwe chimamera mwadzidzidzi chimayamba kufota, masamba ake amasowa, masamba amasamba achikasu, maluwa oyima, malo owoneka bwino ndi zowola zimawonekera. Kulimbana ndi matenda a Tropaéolum sikophweka, koma ngati mungafune, matenda aliwonse atha kuperewera.
Chifukwa chiyani masamba a nasturtium amatembenukira chikasu, ndi choti achite
M'malo abwino a nyengo, thermophilic nasturtium imamera monga mbewu yosatha, koma mbewuzi sizilekerera nyengo yozizira. Chifukwa chake, nyengo yotentha, ma capuchin amakula ngati zipatso zam'munda, zomwe zimatha kukula ngati sapota wokhazikika, zokongoletsa m'mphepete mwa njira, komanso makoma oyenda.
Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake okongola - maluwa osalala, owirikiza kapena awiri ndi masamba obiriwira, masamba ophimbidwa ndi sera, mitundu yayitali ya nasturtium imakulidwa mumiphika yokongoletsera makonde, ma verandas. Utoto wa pamakhala umayendetsedwa ndi mithunzi yoyera, chikaso, chofiira, lalanje-pinki.
Nasturtium mu saladi
Kusintha kwa mitundu ya pamakhala ndi masamba sikuti sikuti nthawi zonse kumakhala matenda a nasturtium. Kupukutira masamba a gawo laling'ono nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa chakuti kuwunika kochepa kumawagwera, kapena zotsatira zake zimayenderana ndi kukalamba kwa mbewu.
Zofunika! Ngati masamba akumtunda asandulika chikasu, muyenera kuyang'ana chomwe chimayambitsa izi.
Mwina nyengo ndiyotentha kwambiri kapena mvula mumsewu - zinthu zonsezi zimakhudza mtundu wamasamba. Poyamba, dzuwa limawotcha masamba ndipo mbewu zimasowa chinyezi. Kutsirira ndi kuwonjezerera tchire kungathandize kukonza vutolo. Kachiwiri, kudula kwamadzi m'nthaka kumapangitsa kuti mizu ivunde, ndiye kuti kukhetsa kwina ndikofunikira.
Ampelous nasturtium
Kuphatikiza pazomwe zimayambitsa kapena chifukwa cha kupanda ungwiro panthawi ya chisamaliro, chikasu cha nasturtium chimatha kuchitika ngati chiwopsezo cha matenda omwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana. Kukhazikika kuti mumvetsetse chifukwa chake masamba a nasturtium amatembenukira chikasu, ndikofunikira kulabadira kutayidwa kwatsoka.
Ngati awa ndi opanda mawonekedwe achikasu obiriwira obiriwira, nasturtium imasiya kupindika, ndiye kuti ili ndi zithunzi zautali. Zonyamula matenda oyambitsidwa ndi tizilombo ndi tizilombo, kuwonjezera apo, mbewu zimatha kukhala gwero la matendawa.
Zofunika! Matenda a viral ndi osavulaza. Zomera zodwala ziyenera kuwonongeka.
Chifukwa nasturtium sichimatulutsa
Kutalika kosakwanira maola masana masana, mpweya wozizira, dothi lolemera, chisamaliro chomera chosaoneka bwino, ndi machitidwe osawoneka bwino aulimi ndi zifukwa zomwe nasturtium singathenso.
Pa tsiku lalifupi m'moyo wa nasturtiums, nthawi yopuma imayamba. Zomera zobzalidwa m'miphika ya maluwa zimaphatikizidwa bwino mu chipinda, koma zimangokhala pachimake. Kusintha kwa kutentha - Usiku wozizira, masiku otentha azikhudza kuthekera kwa mbewu kupanga masamba.
Dothi louma lomwe silimalola kuti madzi adutsemo limakulitsa mizu. Mabedi a maluwa odzala ndi udzu, kutumphuka kwa dothi, osadyetsedwa nthawi yomweyo ndi michere - kunyalanyaza malamulo aukadaulo aulimi sangalole kuti mbewu zikule bwino.
Mitundu yowala ya nasturtiums
Chifukwa chiyani nasturtium imakhala ndi masamba
Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti pakukhazikitsa nyengo yofunda nthawi zonse, tizirombo ta nasturtium amachulukitsa zochuluka. Tizilomboti timaphatikizapo nsabwe za m'masamba. Kuchokera kwa wamkazi m'modzi msimu umodzi, mphutsi masauzande angapo zitha kuoneka. Kusintha kwawo kukhala ma aphid akuluakulu kumachitika mwachangu kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, pamtengo umodzi pamakhala banja lalikulu lokhala ndi mibadwo ingapo ya anthu.
Nsabwe za m'masamba zimadya zipatso zamadzimadzi ndipo zimabisala zomata, zotsekemera. Chifukwa chaichi, masamba a nasturtium amakhala povutirapo, chifukwa duwa la nsabwe za m'masamba limathandizadi. Wamaluwa amabzala capuchin kuti nsabwe za m'masamba zisamere masamba. Kenako tchire la maluwa limathandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo kapena amangotenthedwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba.
Zofunika!Ma nsabwe za m'masamba amafalikira pakati pa zomera ndi nyerere. Kulimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba kuyenera kuyamba ndi kuthamangitsidwa kwa nyerere m'munda.
Nsabwe za m'mphepete mwa masamba
Chifukwa chiyani nasturtium imawuma komanso momwe mungasungire duwa
Duwa lomwe limayamba kuuma chilimwe kutalika kwa maluwa a mbewu zina zonse mosakayikira kuyambitsa nkhawa. Yankho la funso loti nasturtium limakula bwino likhoza kukhala mitundu yambiri:
- kusamalidwa bwino
- dothi lolemera
- matenda
- tizirombo.
Ngati ndizosatheka kuthetsa zinthu zonse zoyipa, ndikatha chithandizo capupin ikupitirirabe kuuma, iyenera kuwonongeka.
Zambiri! Koma ngati mbewuyo iyamba kuuma posachedwa, ndiye kuti nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika chifukwa chozizira, kuchepa kwa kutalika kwa maola masana. Duwa limayamba kusuntha.
Poterepa, zimayambira zamtundu wathanzi zimasankhidwa pamtchire ndikudula mzidutswa ndi 2-3 internodes. Siyani masamba awiri. Fupikitseni pofika 1/3. Magawo am'munsi mwa odulidwa amathandizidwa ndi wothandizila kuzika mizu ndikuyika m'madzi kuti mizu ikhale mizu.
Pambuyo kuwonekera kwa mizu, kudula kumabzalidwa mumchenga wosakanizika ndi peat, kuthirira nthawi zonse kumapitilizidwa. Pang'onopang'ono, nthaka yopatsa thanzi komanso feteleza ovuta amawonjezeredwa m'miphika, ndikupatsani mwayi wopanga mizu ya odulidwa.
Chapakatikati, kutentha kutazungulira 20 ° C kukhazikitsidwa pamsewu, mbande zokhazikitsidwa zimasinthidwa kukhala malo osakhazikika kapena miphika yamaluwa.
Mizu yodula
Kodi chlorosis wa nasturtium amawonetsedwa bwanji
Kuperewera kwachitsulo mu dothi kapena kulephera kwa mizu kuti chithomacho chipangike munthaka ndikuchiwongolera mu masamba chifukwa cha photosynthesis kumabweretsa chikaso cha tsamba.
Chizindikiro cha chlorosis ndi misempha yobiriwira pamtunda wachikasu. Nasturtiums amakhetsa thumba losunga mazira ndi maluwa, amapotoza m'mphepete ndikuchepetsa kukula kwa masamba.
Mankhwala, nasturtium imathandizidwa ndi kukonzekera komwe kumakhala ndi chelate chachitsulo, wothandizira antichlorosis.
Kodi ufa wofiyira ndi nasturtium (lat.Erysiphaceae)
Powdery mildew ndi matenda oyamba ndi bowa. Imadziwoneka ngati malo amiyala yoyera ndi zopindika zakuda zofiirira pamasamba ndi zimayambira.
Powdery mildew bowa wolowa ndi spores
Pakapita kanthawi, kuyanika kumakhala kofinya ndipo kumasintha mtundu kukhala mtundu waimvi. Mycelium imakula, kupezeka kwa zakudya kumachitika chifukwa cha tiziwalo tomera. Nasturtiums imazirala, siyani kukula, masamba awo ndi masamba amakhalauda. Maluwa amataya kukopa kwawo.
Mankhwalawa amachitika ndi kukonzekera Fundazol, Skor, Vectra.
Tcherani khutu! Spores wa bowa amanyamulidwa ndi mphepo kapena madzi pakutsirira.
Gray rot (lat. Botrytis cinerea)
Matendawa amabwera kuzomera zam'mlengalenga. Mphepo yamkuntho imafalitsa kuchuluka kwa bowa wa botritis, nkumapangitsa kusokonekera kwa masamba ndi masamba, kufewetsa minofu, kuwonongeka kwa mizu, kugwa kwa inflorescence.
Wothandizirana ndi causative amatha mosavuta kudzera m'manja mwa munthu atatha kulumikizana ndi chomera chodwala. Bowa ndiwopanda pake: umakhala pamasamba, paminda yonse ndi masamba onse azamasamba, umakhudza zipatso zazikulu ndi zipatso zazing'ono.
Njira zothanirana ndi zowola za imvi zimaphatikizapo kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Choyamba, zigawo zonse za mbewu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi bowa zimachotsedwa, ndiye kuti zitsamba za nasturtium zimathandizidwa ndi Gamair, Alirin, Fitosporin-M.
Popeza zambiri za bowa zimangokhala zinyalala pamtunda, musanabzale maluwa, ndikofunikira kupewa - kumasula, opanda maudzu ndikuthira dothi m'mabedi amaluwa, kuti mutulutse zipatso.
Mtambo wakuda wa nasturtium (lat.Guignardia bidwellii)
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda Guignardia bidwellii, kamene kamayambitsa zowola zakuda, ndizofala pafupifupi m'maiko onse omwe kumatentha ndi kotentha.
Imafalikira, monga bowa onse, ndi spores. Madontho oyera oyera omwe amawoneka pachomera amakula pang'onopang'ono, amasandulika bulauni, kenako amasandulika akuda. Mapangidwe a mawanga opsinjika pamizu ndi masamba. Chithandizo cha matendawa ndi chofanana ndikulimbana ndi imvi zowola.
Zizindikiro za kuchepa kwambiri
Zoseweretsa zamtundu wa phytophthora infestans amatchedwa odya mbewu.
Zambiri! Tsopano kwakhazikitsidwa kuti padziko lapansi pali mitundu yoposa 500 ya majeremusi.
Bowa umayamba kuyenda kwake kuchokera pansi kuchokera pansi. Choyamba, mawanga a bulauni omwe amakhala ndi duwa loyera amawoneka m'munsi mwa tsinde ndi masamba a gawo loyambirira. Mafangayi amagwira ntchito makamaka mvula yamvumbi komanso kuthilira kwamadzi nthaka.
Kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumayambira ndi njira zopewera, osadikirira kuyambika kwa matendawa. Kuti kuwonjezera maluwa, miyeso imatengedwa kuti ikwaniritse muzu wa dothi ndi michere yofunika - feteleza wa nasturtium wambiri wamaluwa.
Kuti muwononge bowa gwiritsani ntchito Fitosporin-M, Trichodermin.
Malo oonerera bulauni (lat. Phyllosticta petuniae Sp.)
Phylosticosis, mawanga a bulauni, nawonso ndi matenda a fungus. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tachedwa kwambiri ndi phylosticosis timapikisirana, motero, nthawi yomweyo, mafangayi sakhazikika pachomera chimodzi.
Zambiri! Zochizira za nasturtiums kuchokera ku mawanga a bulauni, kukonzekera kwachilengedwe kwa matenda a fungus, Bordeaux madzi, ndi sulfate yamkuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kufufuza kumachitika kangapo ndi masabata awiri.
Mawonekedwe amtundu wa maolivi a phyllosticosis amawonekera ndi malo okhuthala komanso kuthilira pamasamba masamba ndi zimayambira. Chifukwa chake, kulimbana ndi bowa sikungogwiritsa ntchito fungicides yamkuwa, komanso njira zodzitetezera zomwe zimatsimikizira kusinthana kwamagesi okwanira pakati pa mbewu.
Zizindikiro za kuwonongeka kwa tsamba ndi phylosticosis
Zomwe Zimayambitsa Matenda a Nasturtium
Ochita maluwa, akukumana ndi mfundo yoti nasturtium adawonetsa matenda ndi tizirombo ndikudziwa momwe angapangire mbewu, akuyenera kumvetsetsa zifukwa zomwe akuwonekera. Izi zikuthandizira kupewa kufalikira kwa maluwa mtsogolo, sizipereka chifukwa choganizira chifukwa chake masamba a nasturtium amatembenukira chikasu, masamba amagwa, mizu imavunda.
- Kuphwanya kotentha
Zomera za genus Tropaéolum ndi am'madera otentha otentha. Ndipo, ngakhale ntchito yosankhayo idayambitsa kutuluka kwa mitundu yatsopano ya nasturtium yomwe imagwirizana kwambiri ndi kuzizira, komabe maluwawa amafunikira kutentha. Kupanda kutero, amayamba kufooka ndikuyamba kupweteketsa, izi zingakhalenso chifukwa chomwe nasturtium sichimera.
- Kuthilira kuphwanya
Kuchuluka kwambiri kuthirira ndi madzi ozizira a chlorised kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa mizu. Zinthu zachilengedwe ndi mchere zomwe zimasungunuka m'madzi, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi masamba a masamba ndi mapulaniwo pantchito zawo zofunika, zimasiya kuyandikira kumtunda kwa mbewu. Popanda macro- ndi ma microelements ambiri, kupanga chlorophyll kumatha, ndipo chitetezo chomera ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda chimachepa.
- Kusowa kwazitsulo
Kulephera kutsatira nthawi yakunyowa pokonza dothi pofesa mbewu kapena kubzala mbande kumabweretsa mfundo yoti mabakiteriya okhala m'nthaka alibe nthawi yopangira mankhwala mu mawonekedwe osakanikirana bwino a mbewu. Zomera sizingatenge zinthu - chitsulo, mkuwa, manganese, ngakhale zitakhala zochuluka. Ndikusowa kwa chitsulo, masamba amasanduka achikasu, masamba amagwa, akuwombera
Zambiri! MuNjira yakuchotsera vutoli ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yamakono ya mankhwala osokoneza bongo pakudya chomera. Wothandizira chelating (wogwira) amasintha kuti awonetse zinthuzo kuti zikhale mtundu wa mbewu zomwe zingapezeke.
- Matenda omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi chinyezi chambiri
Matenda ambiri a fungal a nasturtium amayanjanitsidwa ndi kuthamanga kwa madzi ochulukirapo kulowa muzu, chinyezi chambiri, komanso kuthirira kwamasamba ambiri.
Nkhondo yolimbana ndi bowa ndi yotheka ngati njira yothanirana ndi dothi komanso mbewu yokhala ndi biofungicides, kupatsirana kwa zida zam'munda ndi zomangira, komanso kutetezedwa kwa mphepo kumachitika.
Ulimi umagwirira ndi chitetezo chomera
Mndandanda wazinthu zoteteza chomera zikuphatikizapo:
- mankhwala ophera tizilombo - mankhwala omwe amapha tizilombo, limodzi ndi mazira ndi mphutsi;
- fungicides - kwachilengedwe ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda.
Momwe mungachiritsire wowerengeka azitsamba
Zomera nthawi zambiri zimatetezana ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. Zomera zomwe zimatulutsa zinthu zonunkhira bwino ndi fungo lawo zimayambitsa chotchinga pakati pa tizilombo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi maluwa.
Matenda a fungus
Phytoncides imaphatikizapo nasturtium yomwe, komanso adyo, katsabola, chowawa, basil, mafuta a mandimu. Kuchokera pamitengo yawo ndi masamba obwera ndi zokongoletsera zakonzedwa ndipo amathandizira dothi pafupi ndi zovuta.
Pofuna kuthana ndi choipitsitsa, gwiritsani ntchito seramu. Malo ake okhala acidic samalola kuti mafangasi azichulukana pamwamba pamasamba. Madzi ndi kuphatikiza madontho ochepa a ayodini ali ndi mphamvu yothandizirana. Mafuta amachokera ku phulusa la nkhuni amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza komanso kupewa matenda oyamba ndi fungus.
Kupewa komanso kuteteza nasturtium ku tizirombo ndi matenda
Mawonekedwe achilendo - Canary Nasturtium
Matenda a Nasturtium amatha kupewedwa pamalopo pokonzekera dothi komanso kusankha malo oti mubzale. Tizilombo toyambitsa ma virus ndi ma fungus spores, mphutsi za aphid ndi whitefly, ndi kachilomboka totchedwa Colado mbatata tidzafa m'nthaka yokumbikakumbika. Kutseguka kwa nthaka youma sikungasokoneze kusinthana kwa mpweya muzu.
Kututa zinyalala zam'mera kudzateteza kutuluka kwa mbozi za agulugufe. Yokonzedwa kuthirira ndi madzi ofunda sangalole kukula kwa spores matenda a fungal, muzu hypothermia, chomera chikufota.
Zambiri! Kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera mankhwala pofuna kuthana ndi matenda ndipo tizilombo titha kuletsa kuchuluka kwa tizirombo komanso kukula kwa matenda. Ndipo zitha kukula nasturtium yamtundu uliwonse, ngakhale yapamwamba kwambiri.
Nasturtium ndi duwa losasinthika lomwe, pansi pamikhalidwe, limabereka bwino kwambiri ndi mbewu. Kufotokozera zamitundu yamakono ya maluwa tsopano, chifukwa cha intaneti, kwa onse olima. Zina mwazomera izi, ngati zimagwidwa feteleza nthawi, zotetezedwa ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, sizingokongoletsa mundawo, koma kukhala kunyada kwa eni ake.
