Chomera chokhala ndi mawonekedwe a ratibida ndi cha banja la Asteraceae kapena Astrovidae; alimi a maluwa amadziwa mitundu 7 ya zipatso zosatha. Mawonekedwe a maluwa a ratibida amatchedwa chipewa cha Mexico (sombrero), osati pachabe, chifukwa amachokera ku Mexico.
Kufotokozera Mwachidule, Mbiri Yoyambira
Dera lakuthengo la Ratibida ndi dziko la America, dera lakumpoto komanso pakati, lotchedwa kuti prairie, lomwe limatanthawuza mapiri osachidziwika. Mwachilengedwe, limakula m'magulu, malo opanda anthu, m'misewu. Anthu adayitcha kuti Echinacea ya minda. Walimidwa kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 19. Sichisowa mu zigawo zathu.
Kufotokozera zamitundu yotengedwa kuchokera ku Ratibida columnifera
Palibe mitundu yambiri ya mbewu iyi yomwe imadziwika, ndipo omwe akufotokozedwa pansipa amayenera kuyang'aniridwa mwapadera.
Ratibida Wokhoza - mlendo kuchokera ku mabungwe
Chipewa cha ku Mexico
Chipewa cha ku Mexico cha Ratibida ndichomera chodziwika bwino chomwe chimakhala ndi chipewa choyambirira cha Mexico. Maluwa akuluakulu mpaka masentimita 8 ali ndi makonzedwe a bango (5 stamens ndi 1 pistil). Utoto wa maluwawo ndi achikasu, ofiira, akuda.
Amakula m'minda, pa kapinga. Wodula ma bouquets (amasungira maluwa) amasungidwa kupitilira sabata. Maluwa ndiwotalikirapo komanso ochulukirapo, amatha ndikayamba kwa chisanu.
Zofunika! Pakulima, malo dzuwa ndi abwino.
Conflover
Conflover woboola pakati wa ratibida amakula bwino m'malo otentha ndi pang'ono pang'ono.
Zina
Mtundu wamtundu wa Yellow Cheyenne wokhala ndi miyala ya chikasu chowoneka bwino ndi wotchuka. Mapulogalamu okhala ndi dzina lokongola amadziwikanso. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi mafiyira ofiira akuda okhala ndi mikwaso yachikaso m'mbali.
Kulima mbewu za chipewa ku Mexico
Ratibida sombrero amafalitsidwa ndi mbewu kudzera mmera komanso m'njira yopanda mmera.
Izi zimachitika mosavuta:
- Mitengo yosaya pansi imayikidwa panthaka yokonzedwa.
- Mbewu zimayikidwamo.
- Gonani pamwamba ndi mchenga.
- Valani mizere ndi nthambi za spruce.
Mbande
Ogulitsa maluwa amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mbande za ratibida colony. Kuti mupeze mbande, mbewu zofesedwa pakati pa dzinja, kapena, mu February.
Makapu amtundu wa peat amakonzekera kufesa kuti usavulaze mbande pakutsamira ndikuyika. Makapu amadzazidwa ndi zophatikizika ndi dothi losakaniza lophatikizika:
- mchenga wowuma;
- dziko la turf;
- peat.
Chiwerengero cha zosakaniza ndi (1: 1: 1).
Zofunika! Mbewu zimakanikizidwa pang'ono m'nthaka, ndipo chidebecho chimakutidwa pamwamba ndi filimu kapena galasi. Mbewu zimasungidwa pamalo otentha. Pakatha pafupifupi milungu iwiri, malo ogona amachotsedwa, ndipo mphukira zimalandira kuwala kwakuwala kambiri, koma osati mwachindunji, koma kosakanikirana.
Njira yodzala
Ratibida imatha kubereka kudzipatula, kutanthauza kuti yopanda mbande. Musalole kukula kosalamulira kwa maluwa. Ndikofunikira kusiya maluwa okhwima ndi chiyambi cha maluwa.
Ratibida: Kufika ndi chisamaliro
Mikhalidwe ndi malamulo okula ndi osavuta. Zomera za Coloniform ratibida sizofunikira padziko lapansi, kulekerera kutentha ndi kuzizira, ndipo maluwa amatenga nthawi yayitali.
Kukula ratibida
Nthawi yofesa
Mbewu zofesedwa kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira kapena kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira mpaka nthaka itatha.
Kukonzekera ndi kufesa mbewu
Pofesa m'dzinja, mbewu sizifunikira kukonzekera mwapadera.
Zofunika! Kubzala mu nthawi ya masika kumachitika pokhapokha ngati kukakamiza kwapadera kukonzekera mbewu mothandizidwa ndi kuzizira ndi chinyezi (stratification) kwa masabata anayi.
Momwe mungasamalire mbande
Pakatha milungu iwiri, mbewu zimamera. Pambuyo pakuwonekera masamba awiri, amafunika kukwatitsidwa ndikuwokedwa ndikuzisanjikanitsa. Masabata awiri musanabzale mbande pamalo otseguka, ziyenera kuyamba kuwumitsa ndikusinthira tsiku lililonse kumalo oyera otetezedwa ndi mvula. Kutalika kwa njirazi kuyenera kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono.
Kusankhidwa kwa malo ndi kukonzekera dothi
Duwa la ratibid silikhala m'nthaka pomwe madzi amanjenjemera, chifukwa chake ntchito yomanga ngalande ndiyofunika. Ubwino wa dothi komanso kusowa kwa chinyezi sikukhudza kwambiri kukula kwa maluwa.
Tikufika
Mbewu za chipewa ku Mexico zomwe zidamera nthangala zomwe zakula mbande za ratibida zimazidulira munthaka mozungulira pakati pa Meyi. Nthawi yabwino yokweza mbande imadziwika kuti ndi mitambo masana kapena usiku. Mtunda pakati pa mbewu uzikhala wosachepera 20 cm - 25 cm.
Zofunika! Mabasi amatengedwa palimodzi ndi mtanda wanthaka, ndipo iwo omwe amakula m'matumbo a peat amabzalidwa nawo.
Ratibida - chomera chachilendo
Kusamalira pambuyo maluwa ndi kukonzekera yozizira
Pambuyo pa maluwa, kukonza mbande nthawi yachisanu, gawo la nthaka limadulidwa pafupifupi kufikira nthaka. Mbewu zitha kupatulidwa ndi ziuma zouma, zakuda
Zomwe zimachitika posamalira mbewu pamtunda
Ndiosavuta kuyang'anira dimba la ratibida. Njira zochepa ndizofunikira:
- kudulira inflorescence;
- kumasula nthaka;
- Chotsani namsongole.
Kuwala
Pakubzala, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito madera ofunda, okwanira dzuwa. Mthunzi pang'ono umaloledwa.
Kuthirira
Maluwa amafunika kuthirira pokhapokha kukachitika chilala.
Zofunika! Madzi okhazikika, otenthetsedwa ndi dzuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndi mvula yamvula yambiri, kuthirira mbewu sikofunikira. Nthawi zambiri nthaka yonyowa imasulidwa ndikumasulidwa.
Kuwaza
Kuti mupewe tizilombo toononga, ndizotheka utsi ndi njira zofowoka za fungicides.
Dothi
Kwa maluwa akukula, malo owoneka bwino kapena amthunzi pang'ono ndi oyenera. Nthaka makamaka clayey.
Mitundu ya ratibida imakhala yolimba pang'ono acidic, pang'ono zamchere, kapena saline pang'ono. Kukonzekera kwa tsamba kumachepetsedwa kukumba ndikupanga 1 chikho cha phulusa la nkhuni ndi chidebe 1 cha kompositi iliyonse mita imodzi ya dothi.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Chomera chili ndi mtengo wofunikira kwambiri womwe umatha kupeza michere yakuya. Chifukwa chake, kuvala pamwamba sikofunikira. Nthaka yokhala ndi michere yokwanira imathandizira kuti masamba azikula mwachangu, ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti maluwa azikhala ochepa. Chifukwa chake, kudyetsa sikuyenera kunyamulidwa.
Ratibida monga chokongoletsera pazabwino zopanda pake
Kodi limamasuka liti komanso motani
Chaka choyamba cha moyo wa tchire sichikhala ndi maluwa achiwawa, maluwa okhaokha amatulutsa maluwa otentha kwambiri chilimwe.
Zomera zotere ambiri amalima chaka chilichonse. Ngati ratibida yakula ngati mbewu yosatha, ndiye kuti pakufunika kukumba zaka ziwiri zilizonse kumayambiriro kwa kasupe ndikugawa mphukirazo m'zigawo zina. Popeza mizu yake ndi yayitali kwambiri komanso yosakhwima, njirayi ndiyovuta kwambiri.
Zofunika! Ndikofunikira kuwonetsa chidwi komanso kudekha mtima kuti musawononge mizu.
Mitundu ya maluwa
Colibida yooneka ngati koloni imagwiritsidwa ntchito kumapulo owoneka bwino. Imadziwika m'minda yayikulu chifukwa cha mawonekedwe apadera a duwa lalikulu lachikaso. Ili ndi mphukira ya mita.
Mtundu wina, wotchedwa Red Mid Night, umawoneka wakuda kwambiri.
Mitundu ya Yellow Cheyenne ndiyotchuka ndi wamaluwa pamaluwa ake achikasu.
Maonekedwe a maluwa
Ratibida ili ndi mawonekedwe osangalatsa a inflorescence:
- pakati pali silinda wofiirira;
- imapangidwa ndi maluwa ambiri ang'ono;
- Mitambo yolumikizidwa kwambiri imakhala mozungulira.
Nthawi ya maluwa
Mu Meyi, maluwa a maluwa akuthengo, nthawi yawo yokhala maluwa ndiyifupi. Kumapeto kwa Meyi - June, maluwa amatulutsa maluwa ndi maluwa. Mitundu iyi imaphukira kamodzi, kupatula zina.
Zosintha pakusamalira maluwa
Nthawi yamaluwa, maluwa amafunika chisamaliro choyenera. Pakadali pano, mphukira zimakonzedwa, kupereka mawonekedwe ena ndikuyambitsa masamba ogona.
Thirani mutagula
Pogula maluwa, muyenera kuwunika bwino momwe zimayambira, mphukira. Olima dimba amasintha mbewu pamiphika itatha maluwa. Nthawi zambiri, mbewu sizimalekerera nthawi yosinthika iyi. Masabata awiri oyamba ndi ovuta kwambiri, ngakhale kutaya masamba kumawonedwa.
Zofunika! Popeza ndinazolowera, duwa limakula msanga.
Ratibida koloni mwachilengedwe
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo pakukula
Mukakula, pamakhala zovuta ndi masamba - amasiya kutulutsa zokongoletsera. Izi ndichifukwa choti ana, omwe duwa lake limayenera kukhala, ayenera kusinthidwa munthawi yake, ndiye kuti, zaka 1-2 zilizonse.
Tizilombo
Ratibida amasiyanitsidwa ndi kukana kwake tizilombo ndi matenda, motero ndikosavuta kukula.
Matenda
Mvula yayitali imatha kubweretsa. Zikatero, mbewu zowonongeka ziyenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo dothi limathandizidwa ndi yankho lapadera la fungicides.
Zofunika! Ndi chinyezi chowonjezereka, ufa wa powdery ungawoneke. Imapezeka ndi kuyera kwoyera pazomera. Pankhaniyi, tchire ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndi yankho la soda kapena fungosis yomwe ili ndi sulufule. Zomera zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri zimawonongedwa.
Zizindikiro zosamalidwa bwino
Zizindikiro zoterezi zimatha kufotokozedwa pakusintha maonekedwe, mwachitsanzo, kuchepa kwamtundu, chikasu cha masamba. Izi zimachitika mosalingalira bwino zowonjezera zamankhwala m'nthaka.
Nsabwe za m'masamba zitha kuwoneka ngati kuthirira kosayenera.
Tsamba losankhidwa mosayenera limayambitsa zolephera zambiri. Makamaka muyenera kusamala nthawi zakusinthasintha kwakanthawi kanyengo.
Maluwa amafunikira chidwi chomwe amalimi a maluwa amawalandira. Kukula okongola m'munda wanuwo, pamtunda wanu ndikutheka kwanu kudzidalira, kubweretsa chisangalalo m'moyo.
