Kodi n'zotheka kudzala kaloti usanafike nyengo yozizira? Ndi mitundu iti yomwe imabzala ndi momwe mungayendetsere?

Kaloti ndizofunika kwambiri pa tebulo lathu, popanda kukonza mbale zambiri. Gulani masamba mosavuta m'sitolo kapena pamsika.

Koma monga muzu, wamkulu wamkulu m'dera lanu, mukhoza kukhala otsimikiza. Mizu yawo imasiyanitsidwa ndi kukometsedwa ndi kukoma, pamene iwo amakula ndi eni ake mwachikondi ndi chisamaliro.

Podzimny kufesa kaloti ndi teknoloji yoyenera yaulimi idzakupatsani zabwino zokolola. Kuchokera mu nkhaniyi mungaphunzire za nthawi yobzala kaloti isanafike nthawi yozizira komanso mmene mungabzalitsire mbewu komanso ngati mitundu yonse ili yabwino.

Zabwino ndi zamwano

Kukula kwadzu kwazu kumakhala ndi ubwino wambiri:

1. Zokolola zitha kupezeka mu June, zomwe zidzakhala zothandiza - masamba oyambirira adzakuthandizani kudzaza mavitamini.
2. Kufesa kungatheke pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa panthawiyi ntchito ya pansi yayandikira, ndipo alimi alibe vuto, lomwe liri lovuta kulimbana ndi masika. Amapulumutsa nthawi yamtengo wapatali, yomwe imasowa pachiyambi cha nyengoyi.
3. Mbewu za kaloti zomwe zimabzalidwa nyengo yozizira sizili zoopsa chifukwa chachisanu cha chisanu - zimagona pansi pa chisanu m'nyengo yozizira ndipo zimakhala zovuta. Mbewu ya mphukira sizitha kutenga matenda osiyanasiyana. Kuwonjezera apo, kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, pa nthawi yogwira nyengo ya kaloti, nyengo zambiri zowonongeka sizinayambe kugwira ntchito, choncho, zimakhala zochepa kwambiri kuti zisawononge zomera.
4. Mbewu zimakula ndi zowutsa mudyo chifukwa cha chinyezi chomwe chimatsalira m'nthaka kwa nthawi yayitali mu kasupe. Mbewu yazuzi imakhala ndi nthawi yowonjezera nyengo kuti mupeze zakudya zambiri.
5. Mphukira ya kaloti yofesedwa isanafike nyengo yozizira ndi yokoma kwambiri - kusungunula madzi kumatsuka mafuta oyenera kuchokera ku mbewu, zomwe zimalepheretsa kumera.
6. Pamalo osalowera mutatha kukolola kaloti, mungathe kuwonjezera mbewu zina.

Koma mbeu yamagulu ya lalanje ili ndi zovuta zingapo:

1. Zokolola sizingatheke kusungirako nthawi yaitali.
2. Kumapeto kwa kasupe ndi kanyumba kakang'ono kakuphulika kudzawoneka mochedwa.
3. Zina mwa nyemba sizikumera pambuyo pa chisanu.

Mbali za kubzala kaloti wa chisanu, kusiyana kuchokera nthawi ina

Kufesa lalanje mizu m'dzinja kumasiyana m'njira zambiri kuchokera kubzala kwake kawirikawiri:

• Pakuti kubzala pansi pa nyengo yozizira sizingagwirizane ndi mitundu yambiri ya kaloti, ndipo ozizira kwambiri osagonjetsedwa ndipo amatha kumera palimodzi. Apo ayi, mbande sizingakhale kwathunthu kapena zambiri zimatha kuzizira m'nyengo yozizira kapena kumayambiriro kwa masika. Kuonjezerapo, mbewu zovunda sizigwira ntchito.
• Musanafese mbewu simungathe kuviika, mwinamwake mphukira zidzamwalira pa chisanu choyamba, ndipo mbeu youma idzawongolera ndikuyamba kukula ndi kutentha kwa dzuwa.
• Ndikofunika kuti tipeze kufesa kochuluka, ndikuganizira nyengo yovuta yomwe ingawononge kukolola kwa mtsogolo.
• Kubzala kwa kaloti m'nyengo yozizira kuti uchite mwanjira zina. Zonse mofulumira komanso kufesa mofulumira zingayambitse zotsatira zosayembekezereka.
  Chenjerani! Nthawi zambiri kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kumafunika kusunga 0⁰ mpaka + 2⁰Ndili wolimba, koma ofooka ozizira. Kuzama kwa nthaka yozizira ndi 5-7 cm.
• Malo amodzi omwe amafunidwa kuti afesedwe kaloti mu kugwa ayenera kukhala otseguka ndi kuwunikira kuti dziko lapansi lizifunda bwino m'chaka. Kutsetsereka kwakukulu kwa bedi sikuloledwa, mwinamwake kuti apangidwe kusungunuka madzi akutuluka akhoza kutsuka mbewu. Malowa ayenera kutetezedwa ku mphepo kuti azisunga mulch ndi chisanu pamwamba pake.
• Kukonzekera dothi kuyenera kukonzedweratu panthawi yomwe nthaka idakali yofewa. Pa bedi la munda, phala lalikulu la 2-3 masentimita limodzi ndi masentimita 20 pakati pawo amapangidwa. Ndi bwino kuphimba dziko lapansi musanadzale ndi filimu kuti musamatsuke madzi kuchoka ku grooves ndi udzu kumera. Mwapadera, m'chipinda chofunda cha mbewu zotsalira, musiye nthaka yosakanikirana ndi theka ndi peat.
• Bzalani mu nthaka yozizira. Mbewu imakonzedwa ndi malo okonzedweratu okwana 1 masentimita ndikuphatikizanso palimodzi ndi peat kapena humus. Bedi likhoza kutenthedwa ndi nthambi ya spruce kapena chophimba, chomwe chiyenera kuchotsedwa nthawi yachisanu ndi kuyamba kutentha, kenakake ndikutentha ndi nthaka kuti ipangitse wowonjezera kutentha.

Kodi ndi liti kuti mupite kumadera osiyanasiyana?

Middle band

Pofesa kaloti m'nyengo yozizira, m'pofunika kuganizira za nyengo zomwe zili m'deralo. Dera lakumpoto kwa Russia ndilo madera omwe ali ndi nyengo yozizira ya ku continental komanso yotchedwa nyengo. Kuyamba kwa khola yozizira m'derali kumachitika kumapeto kwa October - oyambirira November. Panthawi imeneyi, n'zotheka kuti chiyambi cha thaw chikhale chosavuta, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti kubzala kaloti kuzikhala bwino.

Kufika mozama masentimita asanu. Zotsatira karoti mitundu ndi abwino pakati dera:

• Losinoostrovskaya-13;
• Nantes-4;
• Zosayerekezeka;
• Moscow nyengo yozizira;
• Callbridi wosakanizidwa.

Siberia

Mkhalidwe wa chikhalidwe mderali umasiyana ndi nyengo yochepa ndi nyengo yayitali. Choyamba chisanu chimapezeka kale kumayambiriro kwa autumn, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa ndi thaws. Pomaliza, nyengo yozizira imakhala kumapeto kwa mwezi wa October.

Kubzala kaloti ndibwino kuti tichite pa 10 Oktoba. Ndi mitundu iti yabwino yobzala? Kufesa mbewu ku Siberia ndi koyenera:

• Nastena ndi wokoma;
• Altai akufupikitsidwa;
• Tsiku;
• Shantane;
• Mfumukazi ya autumn;
• Nantes-4;
• Vitamini 6;
• Losinoostrovskaya-13.

Ural

Zinthu, nthawi yobzala kaloti m'nyengo imeneyi ndi ofanana ndi ntchito yomwe ili pakatikati. Pa mitundu yambiri ya kaloti yomwe ili yoyenera kufesa mu kugwa, zotsatirazi zikhoza kuwonetsedwa:

• Nantes-4;
• Mo;
• Vitamini 6;
• Zosayerekezeka;
• Moscow nyengo yozizira;
• Atai anafupikitsa.

Thandizo! Pofuna kupewa mbewu yozizira yazu, bedi liyenera kukhala lopangidwa bwino ndi masamba a spruce.

Zikhoza kuthetsa mavuto

Kawirikawiri pamene kukula kwa kaloti kumabuka:

• Kusakhalapo kapena chiwerengero chochepa cha mbande, ziphuphu zochepa pambuyo pofesa mbeu ndipo nthawi yatha. Chifukwa chake chikhoza kukhala pogwiritsa ntchito mbewu zakale. Musanadzalemo, onetsetsani kuti mbeuyi ikuwongolera, chifukwa kumera kwawo chaka chamawa kumakhala theka.
• Kutayika kwa mbande kumayambitsidwa ndi magetsi olakwika pamene akukula kaloti - kudyetsa mwachangu pa chisanu kapena popanda kuganizira kutentha kwa mpweya ndi nthaka, kusowa kwa mulch ndi kutseka m'munda. Kuonetsetsa zochitika zina pokonzekera nthaka, kubzala ndi kukula kaloti ndi chitsimikizo cha kukolola bwino.
• Maonekedwe oipa, owopsa a mizu masamba. Amayambitsa nayitrogeni m'nthaka. Manyowa amchere omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku nthaka ayenera kukhala oyenera.
• Kulepheretsa kukula kwa mbande. Zimagwirizana ndi kuchotsedwa kwadzidzidzi kwa kutsekemera ndi chingwe cha mulch kuchokera ku mabedi, chomwe chiyenera kuchotsedwa pamwamba ndi kuyamba kwa masiku otentha.

Ngati malamulo a agrotechnology amawonedwa, zotsatira zake sizingakhale nthawi yayitali kubzala kaloti, ndipo kuwala, maluwa a zitsamba zamaluwa kudzakondweretsa wamaluwa kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe ndi kulemera ndi kuchuluka kwa mavitamini.