Duwa la Oleander ndi chitsamba chokonda dzuwa chomwe chimamera zobiriwira chaka chonse. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pojambula malo, akukula malo obisika komanso m'nyumba. Maluwa amatchuka chifukwa cha fungo lawo labwino komanso maluwa okongola. Dzina lachiwiri la mbewuyo ndi "laurel wapinki."
Maluwa Oleander m'nyumba
Oleander nerium oleander ndi chitsamba chosatha chobiriwira chokhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola. Ndi woimira banja la Kurtov. Dzinalo Lachilatini ndi "nerion", lotanthauzidwa kuti "chonyowa." M'madera otentha, oleander, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, asandulika chomera chokongoletsera popanga mawonekedwe.
Oleander m'chilengedwe
Pali mitundu itatu yayikulu ya oleander. Kunyumba, wamba wa oleander nthawi zambiri amabzala. Duwa lokongola limakongoletsa bwino mkati mwake. Chomera chachitali chimatha kutalika mamita awiri, kutalika kwa mtengo. Kukula kwa chipinda oleander kuyenera kuyendetsedwa ndi kubzala.
Oleander amadziwika kuti ali ndi katundu wodabwitsa kuti ayeretse nyumbayo, kusiya zizolowezi zoipa ndikupititsa patsogolo ntchito. Zowona kuti chomera chimayeretsa mkati mwanyumbamo zonyansa zowonongeka ndizotsimikiziridwa zasayansi.
Mphamvu zaandewu wamphamvu kwambiri, oopsa kapena ayi, palibe amene akudziwa. Amadziwika kuti poizoni amapezeka m'mizu, maluwa, masamba. Ndikofunika kusamba m'manja mosamala mukasamalira chitsamba ndikuvala magolovu kuti muchepetse. Njira izi ndizokwanira kuteteza.
Chipinda oleander
Pokhapokha podya mbali za chomera cha oleander pamatha kuoneka zizindikiro za poizoni. Chifukwa chake, mtengowo suyenera zipinda momwe ana ndi ziweto zimakhala.
Masamba a chitsamba amagwira ntchito yopangira mankhwala opangira matenda a mtima. Kuchokera pamizere yofinya imatulutsa mafuta ndi mafuta onunkhira matenda a pakhungu.
Zofunika! Ndipo chifukwa cha fungo lamphamvu kwambiri, mtengo wotulutsa maluwa sungasungidwe kuchipinda. Izi zimatha kuyambitsa kugona tulo komanso mutu.
Chiyambi ndi mawonekedwe
Malo omwe chomera chimakhala chobiriwira nthawi zonse amachiwona ngati mzere wamphepo kuyambira ku Portugal kupita ku China. Monga shrub yokongoletsera, oleander amadziwika kwambiri ku mayiko a Mediterranean, ku Algeria ndi madera akumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia. Chomera chokonda dzuwa chomwe chili ndi dzina logwirizana komanso maluwa onunkhira ndimakondedwa ndi ambiri wamaluwa.
Perennial oleander ndiofalikira pagombe la Black Sea. Potseguka pamalo abwino otentha, imatha kumera ngati mtengo mpaka 4 m. Nthawi zina tchire limapangika nthula zonse, kuphatikizapo fungo labwino.
Maluwa
Oleander amakonda malo owunikira komanso owoneka bwino. Mthunzi, chitsamba chimayamba kupweteka komanso kukana kuphuka.
Mtengowo uli ndi maluwa okongola ndi miyala isanu, yojambulidwa ndi mitundu yoyera, lalanje, yapinki. Amakhala amodzi nthawi imodzi kapena amasonkhana mu inflorescence ndipo amapangidwa nthawi yonse yotentha. Amadziwika chifukwa cha fungo lawo labwino. Maluwa ndi osavuta komanso awiriawiri. Mapepala ndi ochepa, osalala, obiriwira kapena ofunikira pakati.
Mitundu ndi mitundu
Kufalikira kwa oleander mesmerize ndi kukongola kwake ndi kununkhira. Maulendo atchuthi mu Crimea kwa nthawi yayitali amakumbukira fungo lake. M'mankhwala ambiri onunkhira, zolemba za nerium oleander zimaganiziridwa.
Zambiri. Duwa lodziwika bwino tsopano lakhala chizindikiro cha mzinda wa Yalta.
Oberekera adabzala mitundu yatsopano yambiri yosakanizidwa ndi maluwa osiyanasiyana.
Choyera
Ali ndi maluwa akuluakulu, osavuta kapena awiri, omwe amatisonkhanitsa ndi corymbose inflorescence. White oleander ali ndi fungo labwino la caramel. Amakonda kukulira mu maofesi.
Duwa loyera
Amakhulupirira kuti chomera chimachotsa chisangalalo ndikuyenda bwino.
Pinki terry
Maluwa ake okongola amaoneka ngati maluwa ang'onoang'ono onunkhira bwino. Mtundu wa pinki terry oleander umakongola ndi kukongola kwake, kumatulutsa mpaka nthawi yophukira. Pochepetsa amapatsidwa mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana.
Pinki terry
Wachikasu
Maluwa akuluakulu owala achikasu pang'ono amakhala ngati mabelu. Ichi ndi mbewu yolimba chilala. Imalekerera chisanu chowala, choyenera kukula pamakonde. Nyengo yotentha, mumakontena, chikasu cha oleander chimakongoletsa malowa.
Duwa lachikasu
Nyenyezi ya Persia
Zopindulitsa mitundu. Masamba a mbewu ali ndi golide pakati ndi m'mphepete.
Scarlett
Ichi ndi chimodzi mw mitundu yosankhika kwambiri. Mphukira imaphatikiza mitundu yoyera ndi rasipiberi.
Mmwenye
Imatha kukula mpaka 4 m kutalika. Ali ndi inflorescence yosalala ya mawonekedwe amtundu wa mitundu. Maluwa ndi akulu: ofiira, ofiira, achikaso, oyera ndi fungo labwino. Limamasula mpaka nthawi yophukira.
Zonunkhira
Zosiyanasiyana zimakula mpaka 50 cm.Otchuka ndi fungo lake labwino kwambiri.
Zambiri. Oleander anali duwa loyamba kutuluka maluwa ku malo a Hiroshima. Kwa aku Japan, izi zinali zozizwitsa zenizeni.
Kubzala oleander mumphika
Kuti mukule oleander, muyenera kusamalira dothi labwino ndi miphika ya maluwa a kukula kwake.
Dothi la oleander
Nthaka ya mbewuyi imakololedwa pamtunda, tsamba, humus, peat, mchenga mu chiyerekezo cha 2: 1: 1: 1: 1. Mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito dothi laling'ono lokhala ndi asidi kapena nthaka yogula maluwa. Ndikofunikira kusamalira draina yabwino.
Kukula kwa mphika
Chomera chimakula mwachangu, kotero kuthekera kwa mbande kumayenera kukhala kwakukulu, pafupifupi malita 6-7. Pakupita zaka ziwiri zilizonse, leander imagwiridwa kukhala chidebe chachikulu. Malinga ndi momwe mizu imayambira, mutha kudziwa ngati mbewuyo ikufunika mphika watsopano.
Kubzala mumiphika
Voliyumu ya chidebe cha munthu wamkulu imafikira 40 malita.
Kuswana oleander
Chomera chimafalikira ndikudula, nthangala ndi masanjidwe. Njira ziwiri zoyambirira ndizofala kwambiri.
Kudula
Ndikosavuta kufalitsa oleander ndi zodula zomwe zatsala mutadulira. Amadulidwa mpaka kutalika kwa 15 cm. Magawo otetezedwa kuti asawonongeke amayesedwa ndi makala opera ndi kuwuma. Makala amathanso kuthiridwa mu nthaka yokonzekera kuzika mizu. Atalowa pansi, mizu yamizu imakonkhedwa ndimchenga kuti zowola zisawonekere. Mphika uyenera kusungidwa bwino, osayeneranso kufinya nthaka.
Mizu yodula
Ngati kudula kumafunika kuzika mizu m'madzi, ndiye kuti madziwo amapatsanso mankhwala ophera tizilombo. M'madzi, mizu yoyamba imawoneka mwachangu, patatha pafupifupi mwezi. Kenako zodulidwa zimabzalidwa mumiphika ndi dothi losakanizika. Fotokozerani zidutswazo m'chipinda chowala, chotentha.
Kulima mbewu
Kukula kwa nerium oleander kuchokera ku mbewu ndi njira yovuta kwambiri komanso yovuta kubereka. Sikuti mbewu zonse zimamera bwino, njirayi imafunikira kutentha ndi kuwunikira. Kuphatikiza apo, mbewu zimatha kutaya mawonekedwe awo.
Mbewu zosankhidwa kumene zisanabzalidwe zimanyowa kwa theka la ora mu njira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate kapena fungosis. Kenako, amasungidwa mu yankho la Heteroauxin kapena Zircon kwa ola limodzi. Konzani zosakaniza zadothi kuti wamkulu azomera ndikubzala mbewu zomwe mwazipeza.
Kwa mbande za oleander, chisamaliro chiyenera kukhala chabwino kwambiri:
- kuunikira kwowala;
- kuyatsira chipinda;
- kutentha kwambiri ndi mpweya wonyowa;
- kuthirira nthawi zonse.
Tcherani khutu! Mbewu zimaswa kwa milungu iwiri. Pambuyo pakuwonekera masamba 4-5, mphukira za nerium oleander zimabzalidwa m'mbale zosiyanasiyana.
Kusamalira Oleander
Kusamalira chomera si ntchito yayikulu. Mukasunga oleander ngati duwa lachipinda chambiri m'chipinda chowala ndikutsatira malamulo osavuta osamalira, mutha kupeza chomera chokongola champhamvu.
Kusamalira kunyumba kwa Oleander, malamulo oyambira:
- Thirani Zomera zatsopano zimaberekedwanso bwino chaka chilichonse, zaka zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zilizonse. Nthawi yomweyo, mizu yakale imafupikitsidwa ndipo kukula kwa matope a dothi kumachepetsedwa. Izi zimathandizira kuti pakhale maluwa ochezeka. Muphika watsopano uyenera kukhala wokulirapo pang'ono kuposa wakale, koma osati wokulirapo. Ma oleanders akuluakulu nthawi zambiri samasendeza, koma sinthani pamwamba. Dothi lamiyala, dongo lokulitsidwa ndi timiyala ting'onoting'ono timathira pansi pa mphika. Kenako mbewuyo imamwetsa madzi ambiri. Masika ndi nthawi yabwino kwambiri kuti ndikasendeza.
- Kudulira pafupipafupi. Ili ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa chisamaliro cha oleander. Kupatula apo, maluwa amawonekera pongophuka chaka chatha. Chifukwa chake, mutatha maluwa, kudulira ndikofunikira. Amapanga mawonekedwe ophatikizika komanso oyera. Nthambi zizidulidwa pakati kapena 2/3 kutalika konse. Chotsani mphukira zamasamba pansi pa maluwa, omwe amachedwetsa chitsamba. Kudulira kwa nthawi yophukira kumathandizira kuti pakhale maluwa ambiri ndikupanga mawonekedwe okongola okongoletsa.
- Kuunikira ndi njira yofunika kwambiri kuti mukulitse chitsamba chowirira komanso chokongola. Ndikusowa kwa dzuwa, oleander amayamba kupweteka, kutembenukira chikasu, kusiya masamba, kusiya maluwa. Zipinda zokhala ndi mazenera kumpoto sizabwino kwa oleander wanyumba. M'nyengo yozizira, kuunikira kokumbira sikulepheretsa mbewuyo.
- Kutentha M'chilimwe, muyenera kusunga kutentha kwa 20 ̊ mpaka 28 ̊С, momwe mungathere. M'nyengo yozizira, boma labwino kwambiri ndi 10-15 ̊̊.
- Matenda ndi tizirombo ta oleander wamba. Zodziwika kwambiri ndi scabard, kangaude, mealybug, aphid. Matendawa ndi khansa komanso fungo lam'maso.
Zofunika! Nthambi zodulira ndi mphukira sizingawotchedwe, monga zinthu zapoizoni zimatulutsidwa pakupaka.
Njira yothirira
Oleander imalekerera kusowa kwa chinyontho bwino, koma imayamba kuchepa kwambiri kuposa kuthilira nthawi zonse. Mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, duwa limathiriridwa madzi kawiri kawiri, makamaka ngati lili lalikulu. Mutha kuwunika pafupipafupi kuthirira ndi kuyanika pamwamba. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira ndizochepa ndipo kumachepetsa ndi kutentha kocheperako. Kuthirira ndi madzi ozizira osavomerezeka. Madzi azikhala otentha pang'ono kuposa mpweya wamkati, wokhazikika.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Pazovala zapamwamba, feteleza wophatikizira wazomera zam'mimba amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mukukula kwamasika ndi chilimwe, feteleza umagwiritsidwa ntchito masabata awiri aliwonse. Oleander amakonda chakudya chachilengedwe, chomwe chimawonjezeredwa pomwe mbewuyo imakutulutsirani panja chilimwe. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika ola limodzi mutathilira.
Pa maluwa
Nthawi yamaluwa, oleander amafunika kutentha osachepera 20 ° C. Malo mlengalenga watsopano, otetezedwa ku nyengo, adzakhala abwino kwambiri. Miphika yokhala ndi chomera ikhoza kukumbidwa pafupi ndi chitsime chokumbira komwe duwa limakhala losalala.
Nthawi ya maluwa
Ngati chitsamba chamaluwa chili mchipindacho, ndikofunikira kuti chiziwonjezera mpweya nthawi zambiri. Fungo lokhazikika lingakhudze moyo wa anthu okhala mchipindacho. Gawo lokhala ndi maluwa limatha mpaka miyezi isanu.
Panthawi yopuma
Nthawi yopuma ku oleander imatha kuyambira Novembala mpaka kumapeto kwa mwezi waFebruary. Ndikofunikira pakadali pano kuti mbewu iperekenso kutentha kutentha kwa 8 15 mpaka 15 ̊,, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kuthirira, ndikusiya kudyetsa. Munthawi imeneyi, oleander amadzapeza mphamvu ndipo amakhala okonzeka kupitiliza kukula komanso kutulutsa maluwa munthawi yotentha. Ngati chomera chimazizira m'chipinda chomwe chili ndi kutentha kwapakati, komwe kuli kutentha kwambiri ndi mpweya wouma, ndiye kuti amafunikira kuwazidwa ndi madzi ozizira.
Kukonzekera yozizira
M'madera otentha pomwe chitsamba chimamera pamalo otseguka, mbewuyo imakutidwa ndi filimu yachisanu. Oleander wosweka ndiwosavuta kuphimba. Kunyumba, onani kutentha kwa boma ndi chinyezi chofunikira.
Mukatsatira malangizowo komanso kukonzanso bwino, chitsamba chimatha kukula mpaka 2 m ndikukhala osangalala ndi maluwa oyenda mpaka kumapeto.
