Orchid ndi imodzi mwazomera zokongola zamkati. Zimasangalatsa wamaluwa wamtchire ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino ndipo zimagwirizana bwino kwambiri mkati mwanjira iliyonse, ndikupanga mawonekedwe achikondi, abwino kunyumba. Tsoka ilo, mbewu iyi nthawi zambiri imakhudzidwa ndi mitundu yonse ya matenda. Nthawi zambiri, matenda amayamba chifukwa cha zochita za tizirombo touluka ndi majeremusi.
Zoyambitsa Tizilombo
Zimachitika kuti maluwa amadzuwa popanda chifukwa chodziwika ayamba kufota ndikufota. Poterepa, ndizomveka kuwunika ngati "alendo osapemphedwa" avulala pansi. Zotsatirazi zoyambitsa majeremusi zimadziwika:
Orchids ali ndi majeremusi owopsa
- Kuthirira kwambiri komanso chinyezi chambiri m'chipindacho;
- Konzedweratu kwa mmera ku matenda oyamba ndi fungal ndi ma virus, kufooka kwa chitetezo;
- Kuperewera kwa mchere (chifukwa chovala chosavomerezeka);
- Zotsatira za duwa lina lamkati, lomwe Phalaenopsis akutsatira.
Choyambitsa chachikulu ndikuthamangitsidwa ndi tizilombo kuchokera kunja. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika pamene wofesa wopanda nzeru akaika dothi mumphika kuchokera pabedi la maluwa mumsewu kapena m'nyumba yanyengo yachilimwe.
Mitundu ya majeremusi
Phalaenopsis ndi mbewu yomwe ili ndi "adani ambiri olumbira" ambiri. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tambiri:
- Ma thrips;
- Spider nthata;
- Mealybug;
- Chotchinga.
Tizilombo nthawi zambiri zimawonekera chifukwa chinyezi kwambiri
Ngati mukutengera mbewuyo panja, makamaka tsiku lamvula komanso kwamvumbi, nsabwe za mitengo ndi mbozi zitha kulowa pansi.
Mealybug
Tizilombo toyera ta ma orchid si zachilendo. Mealybug amadziwika bwino ndi omwe amalimitsa maluwa monga maluwa wamba a Phalaenopsis. Mwa anthu, kachilombo kameneka kanalandira dzina lakuseketsa "mkanda waubweya" chifukwa cha kuyenda kwakukulu ndi mulu woyera, womwe umakwirira thupi la majeremusi panja. Tizilombo timakhala pansi.
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono sitidyetsa, kukula kwachinyamata kumayamwa msuziwo kuchokera kumayambira ndi masamba a Phalaenopsis. Ndikosavuta kuzindikira "mlendo osayitanidwayo": nyongolotsiyo ikayenda pamwamba pa duwa, imasiyira chilembo choyera. Ngati nsikidzi zoyera zikapezeka pansi mu orchid, muyenera kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu.
Ngati tizilombo toyera tating'ono timapezeka, masamba owuma ayenera kuchotsedwa ndikuthilira ayenera kukulitsidwa, chifukwa nyongolayo sakonda chinyontho.
Chotchinga
Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kupukuta masamba a Phalaenopsis ndi nsanza m'madzi otentha, ndi kutsitsi.
Mafunso
Pa majeremusi a orchid nthawi zambiri amakhala nkhupakupa. Pali mitundu yambiri ya majeremusi awa, omwe ambiri amakonda ndi kangaude. Imakwera pansi kwambiri, ndikudyera mizu ya mbewuyo, komanso kumayamwa mwachangu masamba ake. Maonekedwe a nkhupakichi amalembedwa ndi masamba otuwa komanso owuma. Chovuta chachikulu cha matendawa ndikuti ndizovuta kudziwa, chifukwa kutalika kwa munthu wachikulire sikuposa 0.5 mm.
Nthawi zambiri, amalimi a maluwa amawona kachilombo koyambitsa matenda pakawoneka cobweb pa orchid, aka ndi gawo lomaliza la matendawa. Kuti muwongolere, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwalawa imayenera kusinthidwa, chifukwa mayikidwewo amawagwiritsa ntchito mwachangu ndikuyamba chitetezo chokwanira.
Chingwe chimayamwa timadziti tonse kunja kwa chomera, kutulutsa orchid
Kuzindikira chomera pa chomera chachikulire ndi kovuta. Ngati masamba a bulauni adayamba kuwoneka pamasamba a orchid, muyenera kuwayang'ana mosamala. Malo osunthira ndi madera oteteza. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kuchitapo kanthu, popeza izi zimachulukana mwachangu kwambiri.
Kufufuza ndi tizirombo toyambitsa matenda zizichitika kangapo, pakadutsa masiku 5 mpaka 10. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mankhwala osokoneza mazira osagoneka, chifukwa chake njira yodalirika yolimbana ndi nkhupakupa ndikuwonjezera mbewuyo m'nthaka yatsopano ndikuwotcha nthaka yomwe ili ndi vuto kale. Ziwopsezo zina zomwe zimapangidwira kuthana ndi majeremusi zingakhale zowopsa kwambiri kwa ana ndi ziweto.
Chotchinga
Seche ndi imodzi mwazilombo zowopsa kwambiri za ma orchid, chifukwa chake mbewu, makamaka zazing'ono, zimatha kufa kwathunthu. Tizilomboti tili ndi dzina chifukwa limakutidwa ndi chipolopolo cholimba, ngati chishango kapena zida.
Akuluakulu ndi mphutsi zimadyanso timitengo ta orchid, zimalepheretsa chomeracho kupeza michere ndikuichotsa. Masamba achikasu ndi utoto wa ntchofu zomata amalankhula za chotupa.
Njira zabwino zowongolera pakhomo ndikutengera tizirombo pamanja ndikuziwononga.
Zofunika! Njirayi iyenera kuchitidwa mobwerezabwereza. Amadziwika kuti scabard sakonda kununkhira kwa sopo wa phula, chifukwa yankho lochokera pamenepo lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kunyumba kupopera mankhwala.
Tizilombo tina
Kuphatikiza pa nkhupakupa, mealybug ndi tizilombo tambiri, palinso tizirombo tina ta maluwa. Choyamba, izi ndi masamba aphid. Komanso ku Phalaenopsis nthawi zambiri limatulutsa:
- Ma thrips (mphutsi zazing'ono zomwe zimafanana ndi timitengo);
- Nematode;
Nematode
- Agulugufe oyera;
- Magogo ndi nkhono.
Njira yodalirika yothanirana nawo ndikusonkha ndi kuwotcha, komanso kuchotsa dothi lomwe lawonongeka. Mukamayala Phalaenopsis, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa pansi kuti tizilombo tonse tizikhala chiyani. Mphutsi ndi mazira zimatha kubisala m'munsi mwa dothi, pafupi ndi mizu, ndikuzikoka. Mizu yomwe ikukhudzidwa imadulidwa mosamala ndikuwonongeka. Kuunika kwa maluwa kuyenera kuchitika pafupipafupi kuti musaphonye kuyambika kwa matenda owopsa ndikuyamba kulandira chithandizo pa nthawi.
Kusamalira Kwanyumba ndi Kuwononga Tizilombo
Pa orchid, tizilombo timakopeka ndi masamba ndi masamba. Kusamalira moyenera ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yopewera kuwoneka ngati tizilombo toopsa. Kulimbana ndi tizirombo ndizovuta kuposa kuteteza kuti zisachitike. Njira zazikulu zothandizira kupewa
- Kupopera mankhwala pafupipafupi ndi madzi kuchokera botolo la utsi;
- Pukuta masamba ndi nsalu yonyowa ndikunyowe m'madzi kapena sopo;
- Kudulira kwakanthawi kwa mbeu ndikuchotsa masamba owuma ndi opunduka;
- Mayeso kuti adziwe matenda.
Tcherani khutu! Kuziika mumphika watsopano kumathandizanso ku maluwa.
Mutagula maluwa okongola ku duwa, duwa liyenera kuphera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Sikovuta kuchita izi: mphika umayikidwa mu beseni kapena poto ndi madzi kwa mphindi 10-15. Pamaso pa tizilombo toyipa mu gawo lapansi, timatsukidwa ndi madzi. Komabe, njirayi sigwira ntchito ndi tizilombo tomwe timakhala munthaka yakuya kwambiri.
Zotsatira zabwino zimapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito wothandizira wa Aktara. Mankhwalawa amasungunuka pansi, ndipo maluwawo amatenga mbali yake yogwira pansi. Wothandizirayo amayambitsa kugaya chakudya mu tizirombo ndi majeremusi, ndipo tizilombo tofa msanga. Mankhwalawa adalowetsedwa m'nthaka, mutha kuthanso duwa lomwe mbewu zimafa.
Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa chomera kumayambitsidwa ndi nkhono ndi ma slgs. Amakhala ndi moyo wosakonzekera usiku, kotero usiku mumatha kuwasiya nyambo yawo - kachidutswa kakang'ono ka apulosi, peyala, nkhaka. M'mawa, tizirombo timasonkhanitsidwa ndikuwonongeka. Nyambo ikuyenera kuchotsedwa nthawi yomweyo kuti nthaka yomwe ili mumphika isaphimbidwe ndi nkhungu.
Kuthana ndi majeremusi komanso kupewa matenda, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.
Chithandizo cha Zomera
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwambiri am'badwo watsopano amatchulidwa kuti ndi Actellik. Imawononga mwachangu majeremusi owopsa monga:
- Nsabwe;
- Ma thrips;
- Chotchinga
- Mealybug.
Mankhwalawa amapezeka mu ampoules, supu imodzi imodzi imathandizira mu lita imodzi ya madzi ofunda. Chomera chimathandizidwa ndi nsalu yonyowa pokonza yankho. Pambuyo pa mphindi 10-15, tiziromboti timayamba kufa.
Ngati tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tapezeka m'dothi la ma orchid, simuyenera kutengera "zojambula zolemetsa" zolemetsa monga zofalitsa zamankhwala. Choyamba muyenera kuyesa njira zachikhalidwe zakale zowongolera majeremusi ndi tizirombo. Zithandizanso kuthana ndi tizilombo tambiri pa ma orchid, ngati pali nsikidzi zochepa, chinthu chachikulu ndikuchita Phalaenopsis pafupipafupi.
Pakukonza, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mayankho a mankhwala ophera tizilombo
Njira yodziwika bwino komanso yotsika mtengo yothanirana ndi tizirombo popanda mankhwala ndi yankho la sopo wa phula. Zotsatira zabwino zimapezekanso mwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi phulusa lochepetsedwa ndi madzi.
Tizilombo zoyipa sitimakonda fungo la anyezi ndi adyo. Mutha kutenga anyezi, kuwaza pa grater yabwino ndikugwiritsira ntchito chifukwa cha kutsika masamba, zimayambira, maluwa a Phalaenopsis. Pambuyo pa mphindi 15 mpaka 20, gruel imatsukidwa mosamala ndi yankho la sopo lotentha. Chomera chimadzaza ndi fungo la anyezi ndipo kwa kanthawi chimakhala chosagwirizana ndi tizilombo. Komabe, njirayi imagwira ntchito pa majeremusi onse. Mwachitsanzo, ma whiteflies saganizira kwenikweni za fungo labwino.
Yang'anani! Chomera chilichonse chomwe chimagulidwa ndi amalonda kunyumba chiyenera kuchotsedwa pomwepo kuchokera mumphika womwe udagulidwa ndikuchotseka chatsopano ndi dothi latsopano. Nthaka yomwe ili mumphika wakale imatha kudwala matenda ndi mazira (mphutsi) za majeremusi.
Kuyang'anira tizilombo popanda kuchotsa dothi
Kuti tiziromboti tizitha kufa, sikufunika kuchotsa m'dothi. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono titagundana ndi orchid pansi, nthaka imatha kuthandizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira iliyonse yantchito. Nthawi zina chimangochotsera pamtunda chokha.
Chimodzi mwazabwino zothandizira antiparasitic chimadziwika kuti ndi adyo. Ndi fungo lake losasunthika, limawopa tizirombo, kuwakakamiza kuti athawire kwina. Chifukwa chake, ngati sizingatheke kusinthanitsa orchid ku dothi lina, muyenera kuyesa kukonzanso tincture wa adyo wa caustic.
Kukonzekera tincture, tengani theka la mutu wa adyo m'magalasi awiri amadzi ofunda. Alovewo amawadula bwino ndikutsanulira ndi madzi otentha. Pakatha maola anayi kapena asanu, madziwo amasefedwa, kenako amawagwiritsa ntchito masamba ndi burashi kapena bulashi lakale.
Zosangalatsa! Matendawa ambiri amawopa utsi wa fodya, koma simuyenera kusuta orchid kuti muthane ndi tizilombo. Phalaenopsis ndi chomera chomwe chimakonda utsi, kotero kuyesa koteroko kumatha kutha maluwa.
Pali nthawi zina pomwe simungathe kuchita popanda dothi lathunthu. Orchid ayenera kuikidwa mwachangu mumphika wina ngati mizu yake yakhudzidwa kwambiri. Asananyulidwe, mizu imatsukidwa bwino mu sopo kuti ichotse tizirombo tambiri, mphutsi ndi mazira. Njirayi imapereka zotsatira zabwino, koma kufalikira kwina kumapanikizika ndi duwa, kotero ndikwabwino kulabadira kupewa.
Zosangalatsa. Nthawi zina tsamba lodziwika bwino lomwe limasokoneza maluwa. Potere, musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala opangidwa ndi mafakitale, chifukwa amawononga duwa. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito njira yakale ya "agogo" ndikusonkha nsabwezo ndi dzanja ndi chovala chovindikira mu sopo yochapira.
Kuti duwa likhala, kukula komanso kukula kwa nthawi yayitali, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale mikhalidwe yoyenera kuti ikwaniritse: kuwunika kutentha ndi chinyezi cha mchipindacho m'chipindamo, kuwona kayendedwe ka madzi, kudyetsa orchid m'nthawi ndikumasulira nthaka mumphika, ndikufotokozanso chomera m'nthawi yake kuti chikhale chambiri. Kenako, pakapita nthawi, maluwa amakula mosatetezeka ku tizirombo ndi tiziromboti.
