Japan quince shrub - kufotokoza kwa mbewu ndi zipatso

Zitsamba za ku Japan za quince, kapena henomeles - chomera chachonde chomwe ndi cha banja la Pinki. Zimatenga bwino zigawo zofunda, nyengo yophukira imasangalatsa ndi maluwa ambiri owala, pakugwa - zipatso zabwino.

Chiyambi ndi mawonekedwe

Japan quince - chitsamba osati chokongoletsera, komanso zipatso. Panyengo iliyonse, zipatso zimamera panthambi zomwe zimawoneka ngati apulo kapena quince wamba, koma zazing'ono kukula. Dongosolo la zipatso sizidutsa 4 cm, ndichifukwa chake mbewuyo idapatsidwa dzina lina - "maapulo abodza".

Nthambi zamaluwa

Zipatso za Quince zimakhala ndi wandiweyani kapangidwe kake, kamveke wowawasa ndipo zimakhala ndi fungo labwino. Wamaluwa wopanda nzeru amalinganiza molakwika fanizo la shrub la Japan ndi quince wamba. Mbali yodziwika yokha yazomera ziwirizi - onse ndi a banja la Rosaceae, pomwe ali ndi mtundu ndi cholinga.

Dziko la quince shrub ndi China, Japan ndi Korea, chomera chowala bwino nthawi zambiri chimakhala chokongoletsera munda wamwala. Dongosolo lomwe limapangidwa limakupatsani mwayi wolimbitsa malo otsetsereka m'malo opumulira kapena kupanga mpanda.

Zipatso zabwino

Japan quince, kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane kuthengo:

• Zomera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndizovomerezeka kapena zobiriwira;
• Kutalika kumasiyana kuyambira mita 1 mpaka 3;
• Mphukira zamangidwa;
• Masamba amakhala amtundu wowoneka bwino kapena woboola pakati, kutengera mitundu.

Chomera chimakhala ndi mitundu yambiri ya haibridi, pamtundu wa zina zakezo zimamera kutalika mpaka 2 cm.

Pakati pa Meyi ndi June, quince pachimake kwambiri, mphukira zonse zimaphimbidwa ndi masamba ambiri. Maluwa amapaka utoto wofiirira, wa lalanje kapena wofiirira, mitundu yokhala ndi maluwa a pinki ndi yoyera sakhala wamba.

Pakatikati, duwa limafikira kukula kwa masentimita 3-4, mitundu ina ya quince imakutidwa ndi maluwa okhala ndi masentimita 5. Masamba amatha kumera okha kapena amasonkhanitsidwa mumaluwa a maluwa 2-6. Duwa lenilenilo limakhala wamba kapena pawiri, limakhala ndi mitundu yambiri ya pamakhala.

Mitundu ndi mitundu

Pali mitundu ingapo ya henomeles, pamtundu womwe ma hybrids ambiri amabadwira, omwe amasiyana maonekedwe, mawonekedwe a tsamba, kukula kwamaluwa.

Duwa laling'ono

Mitundu ya haibridi yamaidiwa imagawidwa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, momwe muli 500.

Quince Katayanskaya

Katayanskaya quince ndi chitsamba chachikulu chomwe chimakula mpaka 2-3 m kutalika. Pakatikati, masamba a chomera amapeza utoto wofiirira, pofika nthawi yotentha amasintha kukhala obiriwira ndipo amakhala wonyezimira. Chaka chilichonse mu Meyi, chitsambachi chimakutidwa ndi maluwa ambiri apinki kapena oyera.

Chingwe cha garnet

Shrub wokhala ndi masamba omwe amakula pang'ono, kutalika kwake sikokwanira kupitirira mita 1. Zikamera zimamera pakaphukira, mpanda ungapangike kuchokera kuzomera. Maluwa amakula, amakula pafupifupi masentimita 5, amasonkhana m'magulu a masamba 2-6. Mphukira ndi utoto wofiira kapena wofiira.

Chingwe cha Garnet cha Giredi

Kukongoletsa bwino

Ma henomeles okongoletsera ndi chitsamba chowongolera, mphukira zake zazing'ono zimapakidwa zobiriwira, ndipo pamapeto pake zimakhala zofiirira. Mtundu wa masamba amachokera ku pinki kupita ku lalanje-ofiira. Maluwa m'mimba mwake amakula mpaka 3.5 cm.

Ikani pambuyo pogula potseguka

Mukamasankha malo oti mubzale, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti zokongoletsera za quince ndi chomera chachikulu. Poika mbewu pamalo osakhazikika, ndikofunikira kusankha malo abwino ndikupanga chisamaliro china.

Zomwe mukusowa

Nthaka yobzala mitengo yokongoletsera yakonzedwa mu kugwa, kuti mubzale mbande nthawi yamasika. Kuti mukonze nthaka mu kugwa mudzafunika:

• Dziko lokometsetsa;
• Mchenga;
• Kompositi ya peat ndi manyowa. Kwa 1 m2 mudzafunika 7-8 kg;
• Feteleza wa potashi pamlingo wa 35-40 g pa 1 m2. Itha m'malo ndi mafosphoric feteleza.

Pobzala mu kasupe, osakaniza michere amagwiritsidwa ntchito, njira yake:

• Humus - 5 kg;
• Superphosphate - 250 g;
• Phulusa - 500 g;
• Potaziyamu nitrate - 25 g.

Podzala pamalo otseguka, muyenera kusankha mbande wazaka ziwiri ndi mizu yotseka. Mizu yowola, youma kapena yosweka imayenera kuchotsedwa.

Malo abwino

Zitsamba zomwe zimamera mumthunzi zimafooka ndikukula pang'onopang'ono. Quince imakhazikitsidwa bwino kuchokera kumwera, pomwe padzakhala kuwala kokwanira dzuwa. Chomera sichikonda kusanja mwamphamvu, chifukwa chake ndibwino kuti chidzalidwe pafupi ndi magulu ena a mitengo kapena pafupi ndi makhoma a nyumba.

Kukongoletsa quince kumazika mizu mu dothi losakhazikika kapena pang'ono acidic. Kubzala, mchenga wotseka komanso dothi louma, lomwe lili ndi humus yokwanira, ndiloyenera.

Chitsamba chimalola nyengo yadzuwa bwino, muzu wake wapakati umalowera mkati mobisika ndipo umadyetsedwa ndi chinyezi. Dothi liyenera kukhala lonyowa mosasunthika popanda madzi.

Pang'onopang'ono ikamatera

Kusankha malo abwino, mutha kuyamba:

1. Mu nthawi yophukira, nthaka imatsukidwa, kompositi ya peat ndi manyowa zimawonjezedwamo. Kuphatikiza apo, feteleza wa phosphoric amawonjezeredwa pansi;
2. Chapakatikati podzala, amakumba bowo loyeza 50x50 cm, kuya kwa 60-70 cm;
3. Kuyambira humus ndi phulusa pangani zosakaniza zopatsa thanzi kuti mubwezeretse. Superphosphate ndi potaziyamu nitrate zimawonjezeredwa kwa icho;
4. Mafuta osakanizika amathiridwa mu dzenje 1/3, masentimita 2-3 wamba wamba amawazidwa pamwamba. Mizu ya mbewu siyenera kulumikizana ndi feteleza;
5. Mbande zakonzedwa musanadzalemo zimathiriridwa ndimadzi ambiri, ndikuyika mu dzenje ndikuzuza mizu. Khosi la mizu sayenera kuzama kwambiri, ndikofunikira kuyiyika pamalo omwewo ndi nthaka. Chomera chimayendetsedwa, pamtunda wapadziko lapansi chimapangidwa ndi manja;
6. Mmera uliwonse umathiriridwa ndi 1 ndowa, mutha kuphimba pansi pansi ndi nthambi kapena zomata zamatanda.

Hedge

Zitsamba zobzalidwa pamtunda wa 1-1,5 m kuchokera wina ndi mnzake, kuti apange linga, mtunda umachepetsedwa mpaka 50 cm.

Kuswana

Quince waku Japan amathanso kufalikira pogwiritsa ntchito njere kapena njira zaudzu. Kukula kuchokera ku nthangala sikugwira ntchito nthawi yambiri, koma sikutanthauza kuti chomera cha mayi sichitha.

Kudula

Kudula chitsamba ndikofunikira kuti pakhale zofunika kuteteza katundu wa mtundu wina wa quince. Zidula zimakolola theka loyamba la June kutentha kusanayambe, amafunika kudulidwa mpaka 9-10 m'mawa.

Ndikofunikira kukonzanso dothi pobzala pasadakhale, chifukwa muyenera kusakaniza peat ndi mchenga mu chiyerekezo cha 1: 3. Mipira imabzalidwa pamalo otsetsereka osakanikirana ndi osakaniza. Pakatha miyezi 1-2, mbewuyo imazika mizere ngati kutentha kwa mpweya sikutsika kuposa 20-25 ° C. M'madera ozizira, mphukira zimabzalidwa m'mabedi momwe chinyezi chimasungidwa.

40-50% yokha yodula yomwe ikhoza kuzika mizu; zopatsa mphamvu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ziwonjezere zizindikiro ndi 15-20%. Mipira imathandizidwa ndi yankho la 0.01% indolylbutyric acid, kenako ndikabzala.

Kulima mbewu

Zodzikongoletsa za quince nthanga zimapezeka ku zipatso zamphesa. Mbewu zazikulu zofiirira zakuda zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pofalitsa; sizifunikira kukonzedwa kulikonse. M'dzinja amafesedwa panthaka, mpaka 80% ya mbewu zofesedwa kale masika.

Mbewu za mpendadzuwa pafupi ndi wolamulira

Ngati mbewuzo sizingabzalidwe nyengo yozizira, zimayikidwa mu dothi lonyowa kapena pamchenga ndikuisunga kutentha kwa 3-4 ° C nthawi yonse yozizira. Pofika kumapeto, mphukira zimawonekera, ndipo mbewuzo zimatha kusamutsidwa.

Chisamaliro

Quince ndi chomera chosalemera, koma chimafunikira kuyang'aniridwa, kuthengo, kokongoletsera pang'onopang'ono kutaya kutulutsa kwake kwakukulu. Ngakhale kuti zokongoletsera zamtchire zimachokera ku Kummawa, zimatenga mizu mosavuta ngakhale kumadera akumpoto kwa Moscow Region.

Njira yothirira

Chitsamba cha quince cha ku Japan sichimafunikira kuthirira yambiri, chitsamba sichitha chilala ndi kutentha kwambiri. Mbande zazing'ono zimathiriridwa sabata iliyonse mpaka atazika mizu. Chomera chachikulu chimathiridwa madzi kamodzi pakadutsa milungu iwiri iliyonse, munyengo yamvula chomera chimapatsa madzi kuthirira.

Mavalidwe apamwamba

Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika mchaka cha 2 mutabzala mbande. Zosakaniza zamchere ndi organic zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati feteleza. Kudyetsa 1 chitsamba, muyenera kusakaniza:

• Kompositi - Chidebe chimodzi;
• Potaziyamu nitrate - 300 g;
• Superphosphate - 300 g.

M'nyengo yotentha, chomera chachikulu chimatha kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wamadzimadzi, mwachitsanzo, yankho lamadzimadzi la nitrate kapena chisakanizo chamadzi ndi zinyalala.

Pa maluwa

M'chilimwe, dziko lapansi mozungulira chitsamba liyenera kumasulidwa ndi masentimita 5-7 kuti likhala ndi mpweya. Ngati dzinja lili louma, nthaka pansi pa quince imadzaza ndi utuchi kapena peat, kutalika kwake kuyenera kukhala masentimita 3-4.

Panthawi yopuma

Mitengo yachonde imafunika kudulidwa kangapo pachaka. Chapakatikati, maluwa asanakhazikike, kudulira mwaukhondo kumachitika, kuti zowola ndi mphukira zachisanu zimachotsedwa. Mukugwa, amadulira mawonekedwe a korona, amafupikitsa nthambi. Akuwombera zaka zoposa 5 ayenera kudulidwa.

Kukonzekera yozizira

Chitsamba chimaleza mosavuta kutentha mpaka -25 ° C popanda pogona. M'madera omwe amakhala ndi nyengo yozizira komanso yozizira kwambiri, mizu yodzala imakutidwa ndi nthambi zoyota. Akuwombera ayenera kuwerama ndikuwazidwa ndi spruce kapena masamba owuma. Zitsamba zazing'ono zazing'ono zamnyengo yozizira zimakutidwa ndi makatoni kapena mabokosi amatabwa.

Munthu aliyense wokhala m'nyumba yapadera amafuna kukongoletsa munda wake ndi zomera zokongola. Chimodzi mwazisamba zokonda zamaluwa ndi opanga mapangidwe ndi Japan quince, chisamaliro ndi kulima chitsamba sikutanthauza nthawi yayitali. Chaka chotsatira, mbande zimakula ndikufundidwa ndi maluwa oyamba.