Maluwa a calla - kukula komanso kusamalira pakhomo

Callas ndi maluwa okongola komanso okongola omwe amapezeka pafupifupi mkati mwanyumba iliyonse kapena nyumba.

Kukula ndi kusamalira ma callas kunyumba

Maluwa amatchedwanso mapiko. Mu chilengedwe, ndizofala ku South America ndi Africa. Maluwa aku Ethiopia a calla kapena Zantedeskia amabzala maluwa azinyama. Mtengowo udatchedwa ndi dzina polemekeza Giovanni Zelyeschi wa ku Italy wazomera.

Ma callas oyera ndi achikuda amakula. Maluwa okongola amapangidwa kuchokera ku maluwa ake.

Chipinda cha calla

Kwa maluwa a calla, kukula komanso kusamalira pakhomo sizovuta. Ndikofunikira kuti pakhale maluwa abwino kuti duwa lithe kutalika: dothi lonyowa nthawi zonse ndikuwunikira kwa maola 10-12. Komabe, sakonda kuyatsidwa ndi dzuwa. Kuwala kosasunthika ndibwino kwa chomera. Thirani duwa m'malimwe ndi chilimwe 1 nthawi patsiku.

Madzi amathiridwa mu poto mutatha kuthirira. Izi ndizofunikira popewa kuwola kwa mizu.

Ngati nyumbayo yatentha mokwanira, ndiye kuti duwa lawaza ndi madzi kuchokera ku botolo lothirira. Ngati chipinda chimakhala ndi kutentha kwambiri ndi mpweya wouma, ma callas m'miphika amafafilidwa kawiri pa tsiku. Zedesci ndi maluwa oyera ngati mpweya wambiri. Kwa iwo, chinyezi chokwanira kwambiri chizikhala 80%, pomwe utoto utakhala 50%.

Kuphatikizika Kwadothi ndi Kukula Kwamphika

Kuti tipeze zinthu zabwino pakukula kwa mbewu, ndikofunikira kusankha zomwe zimasakanizika ndi dothi. Nthaka yachonde, yokhala ndi asidi pang'ono bwino. Peat iyenera kupezeka munthaka. M'masitolo apadera, mutha kugula magawo omwe adapangidwa kale azomera zapadera.

Zantedeschia aethiopica

Pokonzekera panthaka palokha pezani magawo awiri a turf ndi gawo limodzi la peat, nthaka yamasamba ndi mchenga. Mutha kuwonjezera dongo pazigawo.

Popewa kusayenda kwamadzi mumphika wamaluwa, pamakonzedwa dambo, lomwe limatha kupangidwa ndi njerwa zosweka, miyala ya mitsinje, dongo lotukulira kapena polystyrene.

Mphamvu yakukula siyenera kukhala yakuzama komanso yotakata. Pa mphika, muyenera kutola poto yakuya pomwe madzi amathiridwa mukathirira.

Kutentha kwakanthawi

Zantedesci - maluwa a thermophilic. Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zosamalira pakhomo la maluwa a calla ndi boma lotentha losankhidwa. Amasankhidwa kutengera nthawi ya chaka. Nthawi yakula, kutentha kumakhazikitsidwa pamtunda kuchokera + 22 ° С mpaka + 24 ° С.

Feteleza ndi feteleza

Pazochita zosamalira maluwa a calla panthawi yakula, feteleza wazomera akuphatikizidwanso. Imachitika milungu iwiri iliyonse. Nthawi zambiri amasintha feteleza wachilengedwe ndi michere.

Nitrogeni ikaonjezeredwa, duwa limamanga unyinji wobiriwira. Komabe, sataya maluwa okhaokha. Pambuyo pokhapokha masamba atawonekera pa maluwa ndi pomwe urea ungayambitsidwe feteleza.

Chisamaliro cha calla panthawi yopuma

Chakumapeto kwa nyengo yophukira, callas imayamba nthawi yokhala chete, yomwe imatha muFebruary. Kusamalira maluwa panthawiyi ndikofunikira. Kutentha m'nyengo yozizira kumatsikira mpaka + 15-18 ° C. Munthawi imeneyi, ziredescias mwina zimaleka, koma kusunga masamba, kapena masamba nkufa.

Matenda A kunyumba Kwa calla

Zeedesia imatha kuthana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, nkhanu za pseudo-nthata ndi akangaude.

Kuwonongeka kwa tsamba ndi nkhanambo yabodza komanso nkhanambo.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tikapezeka pachomera, masamba ndi tsinde zimatsukidwa ndi sopo. Mungafunike kubwereza izi.

Ngati njirayi singathandize, ndiye kuti duwa limathandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

Ndi kuthilira kwamadzi m'nthaka, kuwonjezereka kowopsa kwa matenda a fungus ndikotheka. Matenda ofala kwambiri:

• zowola: imvi, bulauni, muzu ndi bakiteriya;
• anthracnose.

Ikakhudzidwa ndi zowola imvi, masamba ndi zimayambira zimaphimbidwa ndi utoto wokutira. Matendawa amatha kupatsirana ndi dothi ndi zomera zomwe zakhudzidwa. Mankhwala, mmera amathandizidwa ndi fungicides Rovral ndi zina.

Ngati masamba awuma, ndiye kuti zowola zofiirira zitha kuwoneka pamaluwa.

Bola lakuwunda limawonetsedwa ndi kuwola kwa masamba ndi ma peduncle pansi. Mizu, kulira ndi kuvunda, mawanga a bulauni amawonekera pamababu. Duwa lomwe likukhudzidwa liyenera kuwonongeka. Matendawa amatero.

Chomera chomwe chimakhudzidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa bacteria

Zowonongeka za anthracnose zimatha kutsimikizika ndi mawanga a bulauni omwe amawoneka pamasamba. Malo awa amawonjezeka kukula pakapita nthawi ndipo amakhala ofanana mawonekedwe ozungulira mabwalo ofiira okhala ndi malo owala, osweka ndi owuma. Pakakonzedwe, fungicides yachilengedwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Vuto lowonongeka ndi muzu wowola, kuyang'ana kwamaluwa kumawonedwa. Mutha kuzindikira matendawa ndi babu omwe akhudzidwa.

Ngati izi zimayambitsidwa ndi dothi lonyowa madzi, ndiye kuti kuthirira kumayimitsidwa, hydrogel imawonjezeredwa kunthaka.

Chifukwa chiyani maluwa a calla amatembenukira chikasu komanso owuma

Kukongoletsa masamba kumachitika motere:

1. Zomera, nthawi yotsika imayamba. Masamba akatembenukira chikasu kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, izi zikutanthauza kuti duwa likukonzekera nthawi yachisanu. Izi ndi zochitika zachilengedwe. Ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kutentha kapena kutenga mbewuyo kuchipinda chozizira.
2. Ngati masamba akutembenukira chikasu pachaka chambiri, izi ndizotheka ndikusowa chinyontho. Ndikofunika kuthirira maluwa. Ngati dothi lonyowa, ndiye kuti duwa limapakidwa ndi madzi ofunda, oyimirira.
3. Zitha kuchitika pamene nthaka ili ndi madzi ambiri. Pakutero, kuthirira kumayimitsidwa mpaka pamwamba pamtunda padzulu ndi 1 cm.

Masamba achikasu a Zeedesia

4. Chipindacho chimatha kutentha. Ngati izi zinachitika nthawi yotentha, ndiye kuti mbewu zimayikidwa kutali ndi mabatire.
5. Masamba amatembenukira chikasu kukacha.
6. Madzi ozizira, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira mbewu, amathanso kupanga chikasu masamba.
7. Kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi kumatha kubweretsanso masamba.

Maluwa

Zelyescia imangokhala ndi maluwa awiri okha: masika ndi yophukira. Ngati nthawi iyi kakombo anyumba samataya maluwa, izi zitha kuchitika pazifukwa zotsatirazi:

• poto wa maluwa nthawi zambiri amasamutsidwa kuchokera kumalo kupita kumalo;
• tubers takula kwambiri;
• kusintha kwapafupipafupi kokukula, mwachitsanzo, zosinthika zosatha;
• Calla amataya mphamvu zowala;
• kusowa kwa michere chifukwa cha dothi loipa kapena kuperewera kwa zakudya zokwanira.

Izi zikufotokozera chifukwa chake kakombo kowoneka bwino samamera.

Ngati callas rhizome sinagawidwe kwa nthawi yayitali (nthawi zambiri imagawidwa kamodzi pazaka zitatu), ichi mwina ndi chifukwa chosowa maluwa. Kuti chomera chikhale pachimake, muyenera kupeza babu, muzilekanitsa ana ndikusintha chiberekero ndi ana m'miphika yosiyanasiyana.

Kuti duwa lakale la calla lipangidwe bwino, kufunikira kwake pachaka kumafunika. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mphika womwewo. Ndikofunikira kusintha malowo kuti akhale abwino komanso athanzi. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti ndikusintha zelyeskia pafupipafupi, chifukwa izi sizingasokoneze maluwa.

Kufalitsa kwa calla

Duwa lingafalitsidwe m'njira zingapo:

• ndi mbewu;
• tubers;
• magawidwe a nthiti.

Njira yosavuta ndikuswana ndi ma tubers ndikugawa rhizome.

Momwe mungakulire maluwa kuchokera kwa mbewu

Duwa litaphuka, ma testes amapangidwa m'malo mwake, pomwe mbewu zimatha kupezeka. Zitha kugulidwanso m'sitolo.

Mbewu za calla

Zomera kuti zikule:

1. Mbewu zimanyowa kwa maola 6-8 m'madzi ofunda. Muthanso kuwachitira ndi chowonjezera chowonjezera.
2. Kuti timathandizire kuti mbande zikamera, mbewu zimayenera kumera. Kuti tichite izi, zimayikidwa mu mbale pachifuwa chonyowa, chophimbidwa. Chidebechi chimayikidwa pamalo otentha musanaphuke, pafupifupi sabata limodzi.
3. Konzani chidebe. Kuti muchite izi, miphika yaying'ono yamaluwa yomwe imadzaza ndi turf, nthaka yamasamba, peat ndi mchenga, yotengedwa magawo ofanana, ndioyenera. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito gawo lapansi lomalizidwa.
4. Asanabzala, nthaka imafunika kuti inyowa.
5. Mbeu zophuka zimayikidwa mu maenje 3 cm kuya. Mbewu zingapo zibzalidwa mumphika umodzi, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wosankha mbande zamphamvu kwambiri.
6. Pamwamba pa miphika yokutidwa ndi polyethylene, yomwe imapangitsa kutulutsa kwanyengo.
7. Mpaka mbande zitatuluka, malo obiriwira nthawi ndi nthawi amathandizidwa, dothi limakhala lonyowa.
8. Mbewu ikatha kulimbitsa (pafupifupi miyezi iwiri), kutola mbande kumachitika. Olima ena amabzala mbewu zoswidwa nthawi yomweyo m'malo okhazikika. Izi siziyenera kuchitika, chifukwa pamenepa zimakhala zovuta kukonzekera chisamaliro choyenera. Kuphatikiza apo, kusankha kumakupatsani mwayi wabwino kwambiri.
9. Achinyamata amphamvu komanso olimba ayenera kuikidwa magalasi. M'modzi galasi limodzi chomera.

Kulima babu

M'maluwa a calla, mababu ang'onoang'ono kapena ana amapangidwira mozungulira babu wamkulu, yemwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbewu. Ma tubers amasankhidwa kuti akhale okhazikika, osalala komanso osasunthika.

Zantedescia tubers

Onetsetsani kuti muli ndi impso imodzi pa mwana aliyense. Ngati mababu adavulala panthawi yodzipatula kwa ana, ndiye kuti malo awa amawaza ndi makala amoto ndikuwuma kwa maola angapo. Musanabzale, sungani nyemba pa 6 ° C.

Musanabzale, mutha kusunga mababu kwa maola awiri mu njira yofooka ya manganese. Kuti kumere, miphika yambiri, yayikulu ndi dothi la mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakonzedwa. Mababu amafunika kubzalidwa mozama wofanana ndi mainchesi ake atatu. Kutentha kwachipinda kumasungidwa pa 20 ° C. Pakatha sabata, kuthirira koyamba kumachitika.

Saplings of Zeedesk

Kusamalira kwinanso ndikusunga chinyontho chadothi chokwanira. Chomera chaching'ono chimamasula mchaka.

Chifukwa chake, pogwiritsa ntchito teknoloji yosavuta yolima, mutha kukulitsa malo abwino kwambiri m'munda komanso m'nyumba.