Kusanthula mitengo kuchokera ku tizirombo ndi matenda

Wogulitsa m'munda aliyense kamodzi kamodzi m'moyo wake adakumana ndi mavuto monga matenda azomera zam'mera komanso tizilombo toopsa. Ngati alipo, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichite zodzitetezera pobzala m'minda mwanjira zapadera chaka chilichonse.

Kusanthula mitengo kuchokera ku tizirombo ndi matenda kuli ndi mbali zake. Masika akangofika, eni nthaka ayenera kukonzekera mankhwalawo m'mundamo. Kukula kwa nthawi yomweyo kumadalira mtundu wa ntchito yoteteza masika.

Momwe mungapopera mitengo moyenera

Nthawi yoyenera kugwira ntchito ndi nthawi yam'mawa tsiku lopanda dzuwa, lopanda mphepo.

Kupopera munda

Njira zothetsera tizirombo tizigwiritsa ntchito nthawi yomweyo, osasiya mankhwala mpaka nthawi ina.

Musanayambe ntchito, ndikofunikira kuvala magolovesi a mphira, kuteteza nkhope yanu ndi bandeji kapena chokozera, ndikuvala chovala chakumaso ndikubisala tsitsi lanu pansi pamutu, popeza zida zomwe zimapanga maantibayotiki ndizopweteka kwambiri.

Kukhesa kumachitika kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi, kuyambira korona. Mtengo wonse utathiridwa, ndikofunikira kupopera gawo lapansi la thunthu.

Tekinoloje yantchito ili ndi magawo:

1. Choyamba muyenera kuchotsa nthambi zomwe zidatha kuwuma, komanso zisa zamasamba pamitengo ndi tchire. Mukawaza nthambi ndi madzi otenthetsedwa mpaka 70 °, mutha kuwononga mphutsi.

2. Kusankha kwamankhwala kutengera zovuta zomwe zadziwika.

3. Pansi pa thunthu uyenera kukumbidwa.

4. Konzekerani yankho.

5. Chitani pokonza.

Madeti Akukonzekera Mitengo

Kuchokera kwa tizirombo, mitengo ya zipatso iyenera kuthandizidwa masika akadzafika. Kutentha kokhazikika kwa mpweya kumayikidwa pamwamba pa 6 + C, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachitika.

Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa

M'mwezi wa Epulo, pamene masamba akupanga mwachangu, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana kumundawo kuti mupeze nthawi yake matenda oyamba ndi zizindikiro za maonekedwe a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ngati apezeka, muyenera kupopera mankhwalawa.

M'mwezi wa Meyi, minda ibwerezedwanso. Ngati tizirombo tapezeka, mundawo watetezedwa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda titamupha ndipo matendawa amatenderedwa pafupipafupi mpaka maluwa atamalizidwa.

Momwe mungalitsire mitengo yophukira musanaphuke

Kufufuza tchire ndi mitengo m'chaka kumachitika ndi kusamba.

Kodi kuchitira mitengo kumayambiriro kasupe? Ikani chitsulo sulfate, DNOC, urea, nitrafen, Bordeaux fluid.

Iron sulfate yoongolera tizilombo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakadutsa zaka 3-4. Amateteza motsutsana ndi mapangidwe a bowa, lichens ndi moss. Kulowera pamwamba pamtunda, kumalimbikitsa kukula kwa mbewu. Kwa mapeyala ndi mitengo ya maapulo imatenga 0,5 makilogalamu azitsulo sulfate pa 10 malita a madzi, chifukwa cha zipatso zamiyala - 0,3 kg pa 10 malita a madzi.

DNOC imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupopera mbewu kumera kupha mphutsi zonse zozizira. Kuti mupeze yankho, ndalama zambiri zimatengedwa pa 10 malita a madzi.

Kuti musunthe mundawo ndi carbamide, gulani yankho lake 7%.

Mankhwala a nitrafen, 300 g ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo pa 10 malita a madzi ayenera kumwedwa.

Kudulira mitengo

Pakukonza madzi a Bordeaux tengani yankho la 3-4%.

Kukonzekera kupopera mbewu mitengo ya zipatso

Zachilengedwe

Zachilengedwe ndi njira yosiyana ndi mankhwala. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Trichodermin amalimbana zowola, choipitsa mochedwa, zimathandiza motsutsana ndi nkhanambo. Samapereka mavuto oyipa. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mutangotulutsa masamba, ndikubwereza mankhwalawa nthawi yonse ya maluwa.

• Plriz amavutika ndi kuvunda, mame oyera, dzimbiri, septoria, kuteteza majeremusi a lepidopteran.

• Pentaphage ndi njira yothandizira khansa ya bakiteriya, imalepheretsa mapangidwe ndi mawanga pamasamba ndi makungwa.

• Dokotala wa phyto amathandizira pochotsa mochedwa vuto, zowola ndi nkhungu, khansa ya bakiteriya, fusarium wilt.

• Mikosan amateteza mundawo ku matenda a virus, fungal ndi bacteria. Imathandizanso chitetezo chokwanira cha mbewu zam'munda.

• Haupsin imagwira ntchito yolimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, ntchentche ndi masamba a masamba. Kuphatikiza apo, imakhala ndi nayitrogeni, chifukwa chake zidzatha kudyetsa mbewuzo nthawi yomweyo.

Haupsin

• Bitoxibacillin amateteza ku Lepidoptera ndi tiziromboti.

• Fitosporin-M - yankho la nkhanambo, zowola, dzimbiri.

• Actofit amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi nsungu, nsabwe za m'masamba.

• Mtsinje - njira yothetsera matenda. Ubwino wa mankhwalawa umalowa kwambiri (umafikira pamizu pakatha mphindi 30 mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito).

Njira zamankhwala

Chithandizo cha mankhwala ndi njira yothandiza yotetezera mundawo.

Fungicides zabwino kwambiri za mitengo yazipatso

Fungicides ndi othandiza ku matenda aliwonse. Zotsatira pambuyo pokonzedwa ndi iwo amakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali. Amalimbikitsidwa kuti asinthidwe kuti asapangitse chitetezo chaziphatikiza ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

Fungicides amagawidwa munthawi zonse komanso amakhudzana. Systemic fungicides choletsa kukula kwa ma virus. Lumikizanani ndi fungicides kuteteza ndi kuchiza matenda. Ma fungicides abwino kwambiri ndi awa:

• Bordeaux osakaniza ndi antifungal fungicide yomwe imateteza ku nkhanambo, zowola, dzimbiri, madontho. Wothandizana naye ndi madzi a Burgundy.

• Abiga-Peak ndi fungosis othandiza mu rosporai, cococycosis, moniliosis, curly.

• Iron sulfate ndi funguloni yochizira ndi kuchiza khansa ndi chlorosis. Zimathandizira kuchotsa moss ndi lichens.
  

  Mankhwala

• Vectra ndi fungtific wa antifungal kuti muchepetse mawonekedwe a nkhanambo, powdery mildew. Analogue yake ndi colloidal sulfure.

Ubwino wazitsulo zamitengo

Iron sulfate imapereka kukula kwamphamvu ndi metabolism yamphamvu, yomwe ndiyo fungulo lakukolola bwino. Imawononga tizilombo tosakhazikika popanda kuvulaza mtengowo, zimathandizira kuyamwa kwa zinthu zazing'ono - komanso zazikulu. Palibe cumulative mu iron sulfate. Pogwiritsa ntchito moyenera fungowa iyi, kukoma kwa chipatso sikusintha. Iron sulfate ndi yoyenera pamitundu yonse yamaluwa ndi mitengo yamunda.

Momwe mutha kupopera mitengo ya zipatso ndi chitsulo sulfate

Afunika kuwazidwa masamba asanatseguke, pakakhala mitambo pamsewu, koma kulibe mvula ndi mphepo.

Momwe mungasungire sulfate yachitsulo

Mlingo umasiyana malinga ndi cholinga chogwiritsira ntchito:

Iron sulfate kupopera

• Ngati sulfate yachitsulo idzagwiritsa ntchito kuyesa kuphika kapena mutakonza, ndiye konzani yankho la 10%;
• Kuti muteteze zipatso pamafangasi ndi tizilombo touluka, 0,5 makilogalamu a sulfate mu 10 malita a madzi ayenera kuchepetsedwa;

• Polimbana ndi lichen ndi moss, njira 30% imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

• Pakukonzekera masika kamodzi kwa sabata pogwiritsa ntchito yankho la 0,5% yazitsulo.

Copper sulfate solution

Mankhwalawa ndi mkuwa sulphate amachitika mu theka loyambirira la Marichi. Njira yothetsera sulfate yamkuwa imathandiza kuthana ndi ma curls, klyasterosporozom, moniliosis, coccomycosis, nkhanambo. Chifukwa chakuti mkuwa wa sulfate ndi woopsa kwambiri, umagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi pachaka.

Bordeaux madzi

Ngati mutenga sulfate yamkuwa ndi mandimu mumagawo ofanana, mumalandira madzi a Bordeaux. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito malonda, zotsatirazi ziyenera kuganiziridwa:

• Singagwiritsidwe ntchito molumikizana ndi phosphorous, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndi njira zonse zomwe zimawonongeka m'malo a zamchere;

• Zotsatira za kupopera mankhwalawa ndi Bordeaux pachaka, zotsatira za phytotoxicity zimawonekera.

• Mkuwa umayamba kudziunjikira m'nthaka, chifukwa chake, mphukira imakhala ngati herbidal;

• Kuchulukitsa kwa yankho kungayambitse kuwotcha masamba;

• Mkuwa umakhala wowopsa kwa anthu, nsomba ndi nyama. Chifukwa chake, magwiritsidwe ake amafunikira kutsatira malamulo onse chitetezo. Bordeaux madzimadzi sayenera kuloledwa kulowa matupi amadzi, khungu la munthu, kapena tsitsi la nyama.

Bordeaux madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophukira yophukira m'mundamo.

Bordeaux madzi

Urea kapena urea

Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ndende kwambiri ndi njira yabwino yochizira masika. Pambuyo pa kuyamwa kwa kuyamwa kwa yogwira, njira yofooka ya urea imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Izi zipulumutsa mundawo ku nsabwe za m'masamba, ma buluzi, masamba ndi masamba kafadala.

Mukugwa, njira yovunikira kwambiri ya urea imathandizidwa ndi dothi kuti ithetse mphutsi za tizilombo

Mankhwala N 30

Mankhwala N 30 amawononga tizirombo pa nthawi yozizira pakhungwa, ndikuwonongeranso mphutsi zawo. Imapanga kanema pamtengo pomwe majeremusi sangakhalepo. Ubwino wa malonda ndikugwirizana kwawo bwino ndi mankhwala ena ophera tizilombo.

Zoyipa za mankhwalawa zimayamba kuwonongeka pang'onopang'ono, kotero zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito patatha zaka zitatu, kuyika kwa yankho kuyenera kukhala kofooka kwambiri.

Zithandizo za anthu

Mankhwala ophera tizilombo atha kukhala othandizanso:

• Pofuna kuthana ndi kangaude, kulowetsa maula a anyezi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito;
  

  Chithandizo cha Tizilombo

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• Kulowetsedwa adyo kapena phulusa lochepetsedwa m'madzi otentha ndi sopo ochapira amathandizira polimbana ndi powdery mildew, tartar, mbozi ndi nsabwe;

• Njira zochizira masokedwe zimachitika ndi yankho la 150 g lamchere mu 10 l madzi. M'malo amchere, mutha kumwa superphosphate. Ngati pali zizindikiro za kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo, mankhwalawa sakhala othandiza.

• Yankho la potaziyamu mankhwala enaake amapha mbozi ndi nsabwe za m'masamba.

Masiku ano pali zida zambiri zosankhira mundawo. Zomwe zimafunikira posankha njira imodzi kapena ina ndi nyengo yabwino, nyengo yoyamba ya mitengo komanso zaka zawo. Zotsatira za mankhwalawa zimatengera kuwunika kwa kuchuluka kwake pokonzekera yankho, komanso momwe nthawi yopopera mankhwala idasankhidwira moyenera.