Pa minda yawo, anthu ambiri amangobzala osati mitengo yokha yomwe imabweretsa phindu, komanso china chomwe chimangosangalatsa maso. Mwa malo obiriwira oterowo pali fern, ngwazi ya nthano ndi nthano za anthu aku Russia. Momwe mungabzalidwe bwino, momwe mungasamalire bwino ndi momwe tizirombo timene timasamalirira, ochepa amadziwa.
Zomwe fern zimamera m'munda
Fern - banja la mbewu zobiriwira, zomwe zimakhala ndi mitundu yopitilira 10,000. Woimira maluwa pano amakhala padziko lonse lapansi. Imakonda mthunzi ndi chinyezi m'malo otentha ndi owuma. Kuphatikiza apo, ndiwofatsa. Zonsezi zimapangitsa kuti mbewu ya spore iyi ikhale njira yabwino kwambiri yazomera zamasamba. Kamodzi pomwe idadyedwa, amati imachiritsa. Tsopano fern ili ndi mawonekedwe okongoletsa.
Fern
Banja ili ndi mbiri yakale yodabwitsa. Anthu amakhulupirira kuti fern limamasula okha usiku wa Ivan Kupala, m'nkhokwe pamwamba pa chuma. Aliyense amene akufuna kum'peza adzasokonezedwa ndi mphamvu yosayera, mtundu wosamveka (pofotokozera) - wokongola, wowala ndi utoto wonse wa utawaleza) ayenera kupezeka mbandakucha. Ndiye nenani nthano za anthu. Zakhala zikutsimikiziridwa kuti munthu wakale amaphunzitsa zinthu zachilendo. Fern yokha siyimatulutsa. Kwa duwa lodziwika bwino, laling'ono, lodzigudubuza vayy kapena mbewu zina zotulutsa m'deralo adalitenga.
Zosangalatsa. Ferns ndi anthu akale kwambiri padziko lapansi. Anabuka zaka zambiri munthu woyamba asadadzakhalepo.
Woimira maluwa amenewa amatulutsa msipu wake nthawi yozizira. Kungakhale kulakwitsa kuwatcha masamba. Fern ilibe masamba - masamba okha masamba, omwe mwasayansi amatchedwa waiyami. Zitha kukhala zosiyana kutalika kutengera mitundu: kuyambira masentimita atatu okha mpaka kukweza mitengo. Mizu ya banja la mbewu iyi ndi yolimba, yamphamvu.
Fern m'munda muno sichinthu chachilendo kwa okhala chilimwe. Aliyense amagwiritsa ntchito: wokonza dimba wamaluwa wamaluwa pabwalo, komanso katswiri popanga mawonekedwe. Mitundu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi iyi:
- Nthiwatiwa wamba. Vayi yake imafanana ndi nthenga za nthiwatiwa, komwe dzinali limachokera. Mapalesi oterowo amatha kufikira mita imodzi ndi theka. Mzu wamizu umatsika, umakula.
- Orlyak wamba. Fern uyu amabzalidwa m'masukulu. Ndizochepa kwambiri - Wii amatha kufikira chizindikiro cha masentimita 70. Imafanana ndi nthenga za chiwombankhanga mawonekedwe, motero dzina la nyamayo. Kwa nyama, ndizopanda poizoni, koma kwa anthu sizowopsa. Mizu yake ilinso yolunjika, pomwe imakhwima kwambiri.
Achinyamata
- Coder yachikazi. Poyang'ana koyamba, munda wa fern ndi wofanana kuchokera ku mitundu kupita kumtundu, ndi akatswiri okhawo omwe amatha kusiyanitsa. Mwachitsanzo, wodzigudubuza wamkazi amakhala ndi gawo logulitsa masamba kuposa Ostrich kapena Orlyak. Vaya fern amakula, monga zimafunikira ndi mitundu inayake - ena saposa masentimita 30, ena amafika 70. Muzu wa mtunduwu ndi waufupi, koma wandiweyani.
- Nippon Wanderer. Monga chachikazi, iye ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a vayya. Ndizilombo zamtunduwu zomwe zimapanga mtundu wosadziwika - imvi zobiriwira, zokhala ndi mitsempha yofiira. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti, ngakhale fern imakonda mthunzi ndi chinyezi, woyendayenda wa Nippon amafunikirabe dzuwa laling'ono kuti apangitse mawonekedwe ake kukhala owoneka bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, polalikira ndi ma spores, mawonekedwe amitundu yosiyanasiyana samasinthidwa, pokhapokha kumera chomera chatsopano.
Orlyak wamba
Pali mitundu yambiri ya fern, koma ndi yomwe ili pamwambapa yomwe ili yoyenererana monga mbewu yachilimwe.
Momwe mungabzala fern
Mwambiri, nthumwi za maluwawa ndizosadzichitira ulemu. Ndiosavuta kubzala fern - monga maluwa osapweteketsa, simuyenera kuvuta nawo. Komabe, malingaliro angapo amayenera kutsatiridwa kuti mbewuyo imazika mizu ndikusangalala ndi zitsamba zobiriwira.
Potseguka
Fern akhoza kukula kwambiri, kutenga gawo latsopano. Kenako tikulimbikitsidwa kuwabzala kuti asalande mbewu zina. Kubzala ndi kusamalira misewu ya munda mu munda muli zinthu zingapo zofunika kuthandizidwa:
- Mthunzi. Dzuwa lomwe limagwira, fern amwalira. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuwasankhira malo opanda mithunzi. Pankhani ya skier yoyendayenda ya Nippon, muyenera kusankha ngodya pomwe mphezi zoyambirira zokha za dzuwa zidzagwera, apo ayi pamafunika chitetezo kuchokera ku dzuwa.
Nippon Wanderer
- Masulani dziko lapansi. Kuyika fern sikungathandize. Sizingabzalidwe m'dothi louma. "Amapumira" muzu ndi kugwira nthaka yovuta. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yomasulidwa, osaponderezedwa.
- Kuthirira pafupipafupi. Kupatula, mitundu yonse ya fern imakonda chinyontho. Chifukwa chake, amawabzala, kuthirira mokwanira kuthirira. Mtsogolomo, amapereka chinyezi nthawi zonse pamalo omwe chitsamba chimamera. Nthawi yomweyo, madzi sayenera kuloledwa kuyandama. Pamizu ndikofunikira kumanga ngalande zabwino.
- Nthawi yoyenera. Ndikwabwino kubzala ferns panthaka masika, pomwe achichepere ndi ang'ono. Izi zimawonjezera mwayi woti mbewuyo imazika mizu.
- Osalimbikira. Mphukira yokumbayo imafunikira kufalikira mwachangu. Simungathe kuyisunga mu mlengalenga kwa nthawi yayitali, apo ayi mizu yake idzauma.
Mumphika
Street fern mdziko muno amakhala zaka zingapo. Palibe chomwe chimakhala mpaka kalekale, ndipo posakhalitsa mbewuyo ikafa. Komabe, ngati nthawi yophukira ikatola mphukira yake ndikuiphika, ikakulitsa nthawi yozizira, ndiye kuti kumapeto kumatha kubzala mmera kale. Adzakhala wokonzeka kuzolowera chilengedwe chatsopano.
Thirani Fern
Kubzala fern kumeneku kumakhala ndi mfundo zake:
- Kuunikira pang'ono. Osakankhira mphikawo pakona yakutali. Kudzakhala kanyumba kwambiri mnyumba. Ndizowopsa monga kuyaka kwa dzuwa. Ndikwabwino kusankha chipinda chomwe fern itaime pafupi ndi zenera, koma nthawi yomweyo sichidzawonekedwa kuti chiwongolere dzuwa.
- Kuthirira. Ma fern onse amakonda madzi. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zina mutha kukonzekera bafa laling'i chomera. Onetsetsani kuti dothi lomwe mizu yake siuma, limakhalabe lonyowa.
- Kukula kwa mphika. Mafelemu m'munda nthawi zambiri amakula, osati ochepa. Ali ndi mizu yamphamvu, izi ndizofunikira kuziganizira mukamasankha mphika. Ndikwabwino kuti mutengepo zokulirapo, kuti mtengowo udakali ndi malo okukula.
- Kutentha Pali malingaliro akuti fern amafunika kuzizira, chifukwa chake, m'chipinda chokhala ndi chophukira, kutentha sikuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kuposa madigiri 15. Uku ndikulakwitsa. Woimira maluwa pano azikhala omasuka pa madigiri 22-23 Celsius.
- Chinyezi. Mpweya wouma umavulaza chomerachi, chifukwa nthawi yotenthetsera simuyenera kuisunga pafupi ndi mabatire ndi zotenthetsa. Sichingakhale chonyansa kuti chinyontho mlengalenga kapena kupaka fern ndi madzi, mumvula - tsegulani zenera kuti muwonjezere chinyezi mwachilengedwe.
Zosangalatsa. Pali mitundu ya ma Fern omwe nthawi zambiri amatha kubzala kunyumba. Izi zimaphatikizapo fern Nephrolepis wopanga tokha
.
Mutha kuthandanso mumphika ndikumtenga Orlyak wamba kuchipinda (pankhani iyi, malingaliro omwe ali pamwambawa achita).
Nthawi zina pamakhala fern wokongola kwambiri m'nkhalango. Izi zimachitika dothi ndi nyengo ngati zili zoyenera kumuyimira. Munthu amafunitsitsa kukhala ndi bambo wokongola kunyumba. Akatero mwina adzafuna kumtumiza iye m'gawo lake. Forest fern pankhaniyi ili ndi malamulo ake:
- Kukula koyenera kwamtchire. Ndikufuna nditenge chilichonse nthawi imodzi, ndiye kuti, kukumba ndi kutulutsa nthawi yomweyo chitsamba chachikulu. Izi ndizokwiyitsidwa ndi kufa kwa mbewu. Kukula kwake kumakulirakulira, ndi mizu yake yomwe imakulirapo. Pali kuthekera kwakukulu kokudula ndi fosholo. Ndikwabwino kukumba chitsamba chaching'ono kapena chapakatikati osayeretsa pansi kuchokera kumizu. Monga mtanda umachotsedwa padziko lapansi, momwemonso nyambo ya fern imatengedwa kupita kumalo atsopano.
- Chotsani masamba ambiri. Ogwira ntchito zamaluwa odziwa amalimbikitsa kuchotsa 90% ya masamba onse a masamba a fern. Kubzala fern, ndikusiya momwe zilili, sikulimbikitsidwa. Ngati amadyera atapukutidwa bwino, chomera chizitha kuthana ndi mphamvu, osasamalira mtundu uliwonse.
Tcherani khutu! Poika fern ku dothi lina, ndikofunikira kuti igwire malo ochepa kuchokera m'nkhalango momwe idakuliramo. Iwonjezedwa kudzenje lakufikira m'malo atsopano. Izi zimathandizira kuti mbewu izitha kusintha msanga m'malo atsopano.
- Bzalani m'nthaka yatsopano nthawi yomweyo. Pabwino, banjali limawoneka motere: fern m'nkhalango, idamwetsa ola limodzi chisanachitike. Mizu yake sinachotsedwe pansi, ndipo dothi laling'ono limatengedwa nanu. Mukakumba, mbewuyo nthawi yomweyo imatengedwa kupita kumalo okhala. Malo a nkhalango amawonjezeredwa ndi dzenje lomwe lidakonzedwa kale, ndiye kuti fern imasanjidwa, musaiwale kuthirira bwino.
Yemwe amavulaza munda wa fern
Monga zinthu zonse zapadziko lapansi, fern mdziko komanso m'nyumba amatha kudwala, tiziromboti titha kuyipsa. Chifukwa cha izi, wosamalira mundawo azikhala wokonzeka.
Kukumba fern kunkhalango
Matenda
Banja la Fern limatha kuthana ndi ma virus, bowa, mabakiteriya. Muyenera kuzindikira mavuto munthawi ndikuwachitapo kanthu.
Matenda Aakulu
| Matendawa | Zizindikiro | Chithandizo |
|---|---|---|
| Anthracnose | Wii ndimdima, mawanga bulauni amawoneka | Chotsani ziwalo zowonongeka, gwiritsirani ntchito zitsamba zomwe zatsala ndi mankhwala owononga. Kuchepetsa kuthirira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. |
| Zovunda | Chikasu ndi kugwa masamba mbale | Madzi ochepa |
| Grey nkhungu | Zimakhudza mbewu yonse | Chotsani mbali zowonongeka. Kuthandiza opulumuka ndi fungosis yapadera. Pewani kuthira madzi pa wai wanu. Pewani feteleza ndi nayitrogeni. |
Fern anthracnose
Tizilombo
Osangokhala chifukwa cha matenda kokha pomwe mbewu ingayambe kufota. Nthawi zina fern wathanzi kwathunthu, wokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri mwadzidzidzi amayamba kufota pamaso pake, kupweteka. Kenako mutha kukayikira matenda ndi tizirombo tina aliyense. Otsatirawa ndiofala kwambiri.
Tizilombo ta Fern
| Tizilombo | Zizindikiro | Chithandizo |
|---|---|---|
| Whitefly | Kukopa kwa fern. Tizilombo tating'ono tating'ono timatulutsa masamba. Madontho a imvi, mazira ndi mphutsi kumbuyo kwa tsamba. | · Ngati matendawa alibe mphamvu, muyenera kukonza chomera kuti isambe. Kuzizira, oyera-mbere amafa. Bwerezaninso njirayi kangapo, chifukwa mazirawo sakhala ozizira. Ngati fern wamkati amadwala, mutha kumuyika pamalo abwino (pafupifupi madigiri 12 Celsius) usiku. · Ngati matendawa ndi oopsa, ndiye kuti pamagwiritsidwe ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, omwe amachititsa kuti chomera cha mandacho chiphe poizoni. |
| Akazi oyera | Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'ono tomwe tili ndi mapiko pansi | Amawoneka kuchokera kumadzi othirira pansi, motero ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kuthirira. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti liume padziko lapansi. |
| Mealybug | Chikwangwani choyera pa vayay kapena m'nthaka, pakhoma la poto | · Ngati chidikizo chili pa waiyi, chotsani mbali zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi pamwamba. Ngati dothi losanjikiza panthaka, ikani chomera mumphika watsopano ndi dothi labwino, mutatsuka mizu ndi madzi. |
Mealybug
Kusamalira dimba koyenera kwa munda
Fern amayenera kuyang'aniridwa, monga duwa lina lililonse. Makamaka amafunikira kuti azisamalira mikwingwirima yambiri mchaka choyamba atabadwa:
- Dothi lomwe chomera chomera ichi chimamera chikhala chonyowa. Zowona kuti akufuna chinyezi, zanenedwapo kale. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mchaka choyamba kuchokera pakugulitsa izi ndizofunikira kwambiri.
- Mavalidwe apamwamba. Ferns, monga anthu, nthawi zina amafunika mchere ndi mavitamini. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa iwo ndi feteleza mu kasupe ndi chilimwe. Mutha kuzigula pa malo ogulitsa maluwa.
Tcherani khutu! Ndi zoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ngati fernyo amangosintha (ziyenera kupitirira miyezi itatu izi zitatha izi), komanso ngati nthaka ili youma kuti mupewe kupsa. Ngati mbewuyo ili yofooka, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kuti manyowa asakhale ndi muzu, koma kudzera kuthirira masamba. Njira yodyetsera iyenera kukhala yofooka.
- Kumasuka. Ferns apanga mizu "kupuma". Izi zikutanthauza kuti amadzaza ndi mpweya osati kudzera mu vayi, komanso kudzera pamizu, komanso mwachangu kuposa mitundu ina yambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndizosatheka kuti nthaka yowazungulira idadzala, ndikofunikira kuti imasulidwe nthawi ndi nthawi.
Fern ndi mbewu yabwino kwambiri yoyambira kulima. Kulima kwake kumafuna kulimbikira. Komabe, musalole kuti maluwa akule ndi mphamvu yokoka, muyenera kulipira maluwa aliwonse m'munda wanu.
