Alyssum imatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa zivundikiro zabwino zopezeka m'mphepete mwa nthaka. Chomeracho chimakopa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya fungo lokhazika mtima pansi lomwe likufalikira kudera lonseli. Olima amalima nthawi zambiri amaphatikiza mitundu, kupanga mapangidwe apadera ofanana ndi mapepala a Perisiya. M'nkhaniyi tidzakambirana momwe tingakulitsire maluwa pamaluwa, mitundu yomwe ndi yotchuka komanso zomwe zingakhale zogwirizana.
Mukudziwa? Botanists ndizosavuta kuti pulogalamuyi ipeze dzina lake lenileni chifukwa cha mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zakale, ndipo lero ataya ntchito yake. Kutanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Chilatini, mawu akuti "lyssa" amatanthauza "osakhala ndi chiwewe cha agalu."
Alyssum: Chomera ichi ndi chiyani?
Burachok, uburiariya, udzu, miyala - alisum mu yokongola floriculture amagwiritsa ntchito ziganizo zofanana. Chomeracho chimatchuka kwambiri, ndipo chinsinsi chachikulu cha mbiri yake chimakhala mu kuphweka ndi kukongola kwa maluwa osadzikweza, omwe awonjezera ulemu wa alimi chifukwa cha makhalidwe ake ofiira.
Alyssum mu ndondomeko ya zomera, yosankhidwa ngati chikhalidwe cha maluwa, ya banja la Cruciferous la mtundu wa Burachok. Zizindikiro zazikulu za mmerazo zimakhala zazifupi, kufika pamasentimita 8 mpaka 30, ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono oblong a mtundu wa lanceolate ndi maluwa ang'onoting'ono ang'onoang'ono, omwe amasonkhana mu inflorescences.
Zomera zakale za zomera izi zimakula, ndipo masambawo amatenga utoto wosuta chifukwa cha thickes pubescence. Maburashi okongola ndi osiyana, koma nthawi zambiri pali mandimu, zofiirira, zachikasu, zofiira ndi zoyera.
Malo abwino kwambiri oyandikana nawo alissum adzakhala: phloxes, carnations, muscari, tulips, obriet, salvia, irises, calendula, marigolds komanso maluwa.
Mosasamala kanthu za mtunduwo, iwo amakhala ndi chisangalalo chosangalatsa cha uchi-vanila. Pambuyo maluwa pa mphukira zipse ngati zipatso zokhala ndi lathyathyathya, zabwino kwambiri. Asayansi apeza kuti mbeu pafupifupi 3.5,000 zimagwirizana ndi galamu imodzi.
Mu floriculture alissum amaimiridwa ndi mitundu yambiri ya mitundu yomwe imapezeka ku Mediterranean, komwe kuli malo obadwira, komanso m'mayiko a ku Ulaya ndi Asia. Komanso, mabotolo amasiyanitsa magulu a pachaka ndi osatha, zomera zotsamba ndi zitsamba.
Mbali ina ya duwa ndi nthawi ya maluwa. Chophimba chowala cha alissum amatha ndi mitundu yopatsa moyo kumapeto kwa Meyi ndipo imafalikira ndi yophukira frosts.
Florists adayamikira kuti kuphweka ndi kukonzanso kumakhala kovuta. Chikhalidwe chodzichepetsa, chokonda dzuŵa chomwe chikukula bwino pa nthaka, chosakanikirana, ndipo chimatha kupirira chilala chokhalitsa. Perennials zimasintha nyengo yozizira. Chomeracho chimachulukitsa mbewu, kudula njira ndi kugawa kwa rhizomes.
Ndikofunikira! Nthawi yochokera pakati pa mwezi wa March mpaka April ndi nthawi yabwino yofesa mbewu zonsezi. Poyera nthaka maluwa mbzalidwa mu May.
Mitundu ya maluwa
Odyetsa amathandizira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya lobularia ndi zokolola zatsopano, kuwapatsa mayina odabwitsa monga "chophimba choyera", "chophimba chophimba". Koma mu horticulture, phiri, miyala, nyanja, zokwawa ndi mitundu ya Pyrenean alissum, zomwe zimadziwika kuti kulima ndi maonekedwe, zakhala zikudziwika kwambiri. Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane zikhalidwe zawo zazikulu.
Gmelin
Amatchedwa phiri. Kunja, ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira wobiriwira womwe umakula m'mwamba kapena kuponyedwa, osapitirira 20 cm kutalika kwake. Zomwe zimayambira ndi masamba ndi stellate. Kuphulika kwa dzuwa ndi chikasu cha inflorescences kumawoneka pakati pa masika, ndipo mu Meyi zipatso zabwino zimayamba kupanga.
Ndikofunikira! Kuti phokoso likhale losangalala ndi maluwa ambiri komanso osatayika nthawi yomweyo, alangizi odziwa bwino ntchito akudula mphukira pa mapangidwe a masentimita 8.
Alissum Gmelin ndi a Botan (alyssum gmelinii) kuti osatha herbaceous zomera ndi kuzindikira ake kufalikira kudera la dambo-steppe zigawo Ukraine ndi Moldova. Mabulu a mtundu wa zamoyo amatha kuona m'mphepete mwa misewu, mapulaneti a m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso malo osiyidwa. Mitundu yambiri ya mitunduyi imakhala yolimbana ndi chisanu, imakhala ndi nthaka yakuda ndi mchenga ndi miyala yamchere ndi choko.
Zindikirani mitundu:
- "Paletta" (mtundu wosiyana wa mtundu);
- "Gems lalikulu" (lalikulu-flowered, kwambiri kugonjetsedwa ndi chisanu ndi chilala);
- Chopondera chagolide (pafupi ndi zitsanzo zakutchire).
Nyanja
M'chilengedwe, inflorescences a mtundu wa alissum (Alyssum maritimum kapena sea lobularia) amapezeka mu white ndi lilac, ndipo mu yokongoletsera floriculture amaimiridwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosiyanasiyana.
Chomeracho chimakhala chokwanira chokwanira mpaka 20 cm wamtali ndi wamtali, ndi masamba amodzi onyowa a silvery ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono omwe amapezeka m'chilimwe.
Pezani maluwa ena a maluwa: gaillardia, peony, mimulyus, kupena, zinnia, kusambira, gazania, hazel grouse.
M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yozizira, chikhalidwe chakhala chikukula kwa zaka zambiri, ndikukhalabe pachimake. Izi zimachitika ku Pyrenees, kudziko lakwawo, ndi kumadera ena ogawa: ku Canary Islands, zilumba za Azov, m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Biscay. M'madera ozizira, mitunduyo imalimidwa chaka chilichonse.
Nyanja Alyssum imakonda nthaka yamchenga, ngati m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi mchenga. Imalekerera kusowa kwa chinyezi. Dzina lake linali chifukwa cha kukula kwa nyanja zapadera.
Mu chikhalidwe cha mitundu yofuna:
- "Tiny Tim" (chidutswa);
- Beteti ya Easter Deep Rose (kwambiri pinki);
- "Violet Konigin" (wofiirira ndi nthambi zowirira);
- "Mfumukazi Mu Perple" (amiss suel).
Pyrenean
Mitundu ya Pyrenean (Alyssum pyrenaicum) imakhala ndi masamba obiriwira okhala ndi mulu wandiweyani, imakhala ndi mamita 15-20 masentimita ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi ziwalo zofanana zomwe zimafika masentimita asanu ndi asanu ndi atatu. Mitengo imatseguka m'chilimwe. Kunja, mitunduyi imayimira miyambo yosatha yomwe ili ngati Alissum woyera.
Oyimira osakanizidwa amavomereza nthaka yachinyontho ndi dothi la mchenga, osasamala kuti asamalire, amatha kufanana ndi penumbra, koma izi ndi zoona kuti ziziwonekera pa inflorescences. Mitundu ina imasiya budding mpaka zinthu zokhutiritsa zimachitika.
Kawirikawiri, kulima "Compactum" kumalimidwa mu flowerbeds, yomwe imadziwika ndi mawonekedwe ake okongola, mpaka 18 cm.
Mukudziwa? M'nthaka yapamwamba, feteleza idzayamba kuwonjezereka kwambiri, kusokoneza kayendedwe kabwino ka mbeu.
Zinyama
Malo a mitundu iyi ndi madera akummawa ndi kum'maŵa kwa Europe, komanso gawo la kumadzulo kwa Asia. Mphepo yowuma, dzuwa lotentha la steppes ndi mapiri linakhazikika kosatha kuti likhale lovuta.
Zamoyo zokwawa za Alyssum (Alyssum repens Baumgartner) ndizodziwika kuti zimapirira: zimatha kupulumuka mvula ya madigiri 18 ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 40.
Kunja, ndi razlohy shrub, mpaka 60 masentimita pamwamba, ndi mulu wandiweyani wakuphuka ndi masamba, owala achikasu. Mitengo imapezeka kumapeto kwa kasupe.
Rocky
Pamene Alissum miyala yamaluwa (Alyssum saxatile), tchire tating'onoting'ono timakhala tomwe timapangidwira, ndipo timapanga ndi golide wambiri. Makamaka zokongoletsa maonekedwe ndi osiyana m'dzinja, pa chikasu cha masamba. Kenaka maluwa ndi masamba othamanga amaphatikizana kukhala amodzi, kupanga tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tokhala ndi masentimita 40 ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 30.
Zitsamba zakale zazomwezi zidzakhala zowonjezera nthawi, ndipo masamba sangagwe ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira, kusunga chofunda. Maluwa amayamba masika ndipo samatha masiku osachepera makumi anai, kumapeto kwa August kubwezeretsa ndi kotheka.
Mungathe kukumana ndi miyala yobularia m'madera onse a ku Ulaya, kupatulapo Great Britain. Mitundu yolima imakhala yovuta kwambiri chifukwa cha kusowa kwa madzi ndi kutentha. Kutchuka kumakondwera:
- "Citrinum" (wachikasu ndi mthunzi wa mandimu);
- "Golden Wave" (maluwa amayamba pa zaka ziwiri);
- "Plenum" (terry).
Ndikofunikira! Alyssum imakhala yovuta kwambiri kwa utitiri wa cruciferous. Kuchotsa tizilombo ku chomera kudzathandiza kuthetsa madzi okwanira 1 litre ndi supuni 2 za viniga, kapena phulusa lopanda phulusa.
Kuphatikiza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito alissum mu mapangidwe a malo
Alyssum m'mapangidwe a dziko, popanda kukokomeza, ndi yofunika kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti anthu ena amakwiya ndi kukula kwa zomera, koma kwenikweni palibe chabwino kuti malire a m'munda wamaluwa asapezeke.
Olima munda amakonda kukongoletsa mapulusa a lobularia, akung'amba pakati pa slabs ndi miyala yomwe ili m'makoma a miyala ndi mabasiketi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito tchire chowala kumapezeka maluwa a miyala, mixborders, ngakhale pamapanga ndi rabatkah. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, njirayi ndi yosayenerera, chifukwa duwa limasinthidwa kuti dzuwa ndi chilala. Ndibwino kuti mafanizidwe apange solitaires osiyanasiyana mu rockeries kuchokera miyala ndi boulders.
M'mapangidwe a malo omwe amagwiritsiranso ntchito: mapiri a pine, thuja, cypress, juniper, spruce, mthethe, mapulo, phulusa, mkungudza, cypress, jasmine, larch, yew, fir, lilac.
Kutalika kwa maluwa okongola omwe amatha kupanga mapulogalamu opanga phindu pamapanga a flowerbed. Mukamabzala, nkofunika kulingalira kutalika kwa nyengo komanso nyengo ya maluwa, komanso momwe mungathere.
Mwachitsanzo, zipolopolo zoyera za alissum pakati pa tulips zofiira zimawoneka zodabwitsa. Mukhoza kusankha mithunzi yamtundu wanu kuchokera ku chaka ndi chaka. Kusiyana kwa violet (pinki, buluu) ndi maonekedwe ofiira ali pamodzi pamodzi.
Tsopano kuti mumadziwa zonse za alissum, zenizeni za mitundu yake ndi mitundu, monga wojambula, mudzajambula malo anu pamaluwa. Ndipo lolani ilo liphuphuke ndi kununkhira ku chisangalalo cha inu ndi ena.
