Mudzadabwa anthu angapo pobzala anyezi wamba pa chiwembu, koma nanga bwanji anyezi osadabwitsa omwe amavuta zonunkhira, imamasula ndi mtundu wowala, ndipo umakonda monga adyo? Uta wokongoletsera wotchedwa "allium", komanso zonse za kubzala ndi kumusamalira panja - ndilo mutu wa nkhaniyi.
Kufotokozera ndi kusintha
Zomera zimenezi zakhala zikudziwika bwino, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera maluwa, minda yamaluwa, mapangidwe a malo, malire ndi miyala. Chifukwa cha kusamalidwa bwino, nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'mapaki ndi minda.
M'chilengedwe, pali mitundu pafupifupi 600 yokongoletsa Allium anyezi. Taganizirani mitundu yotchuka kwambiri:
- Allium Schnitt. A otsika osatha chomera ndi kuwala wofiirira kapena wofiirira ozungulira inflorescences. Kuwonjezera pa maonekedwe ake, chive chimakhala ndi anyezi ndi zina, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera mbale zosiyanasiyana, zimaphatikizidwa ku supu ndi saladi. Masamba owonda a zomera awa ali odzaza ndi mavitamini ndi amino acid, kotero adzakhala othandiza kwa anthu omwe akudwala matenda a beriberi ndi matenda a mtima.
- Thupi la Schubert Chomerachi chifika pamtunda wa 30 cm. Ma inflorescences ndi pinki yofiirira, mitsuko ya mapesi ili ndi kutalika kwa 2 mpaka 12 cm. Iyo imakhala maluwa kuyambira May mpaka June. Zikuwoneka bwino pakukonzekera maluwa, nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kuti mumvetsetse zomwe zili patsogolo panu.
- Uta wa Christopher, dzina lina ndilo mbuzi yoyera. Ifikira masentimita 60 mu msinkhu. Inflorescence mwa mawonekedwe a mpira waukulu. pafupifupi masentimita 20 m'mimba mwake. Maluwawo ali mawonekedwe a nyenyezi, kukula kwake ndi 2 cm. Mwa anthu, izi zowakometsera anyezi zimatchedwa anyezi a nkhono.
- Tsitsi la tsitsi (tsitsi). Kutalika kwa anyezi ndi 50-70 masentimita. Mawonekedwe osazolowereka amaperekedwa kwa iwo ndi inflorescences wa mthunzi wakuda, womwe umachokera ku peduncle, wofanana ndi tsitsi lotayirira. Izi zosiyanasiyana Allium limamasula chilimwe - kuyambira June mpaka August.
- Rydan anyezi. Mtsinje waukulu ndi inflorescence umakafika mamita 1. Maluwawo ndi ofiira ofiira kapena ofiira, ndi nsonga za maluŵa opangidwa woyera. Iyo imamasula mu June.
- Anyezi ozungulira. Kutalika kwa anyezi kumakhala masentimita 60. Maluwawo ndi ovunda (amawonekedwe a dzira), onetsetsani pinki. Iyamba kuphuka pakatikati pa mwezi wa June.
- Rosenbach Bow. Kutalika kumafikira masentimita 70. The inflorescence ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira ndi mamita 12 cm, ndipo maluwa iwo amakula mu mawonekedwe a nyenyezi za lilac. Iyo imamasula mu June.
- Glomaster Wamphongo. Kutalika kwa anyezi ndi masentimita 80. Ma inflorescences ndi ofiira ngati mawonekedwe, ndipo mamita ake amakhala aakulu masentimita 20. Maluwa amakula ngati mawonekedwe a asterisk. Maluwa amayamba mu June ndipo amatha mpaka kumapeto kwa autumn.
- Werani Ostrovsky, dzina lina ndilofuna kutchuka. Kukula kwa peduncle kawirikawiri sikuposa 25 masentimita. Ma inflorescences ali ndi mawonekedwe a maselo, okhala ndi masentimita 10 masentimita. Maluwawo ndi ofiira kwambiri, pakati pa petal iliyonse ndi mitsempha yamdima. Iyo imamasula mu June.
- Anyezi karatavsky. Kutalika, chomerachi chimafikira 25-30 masentimita. Maluwawo ndi ofiira owala, mtundu wa inflorescence uli wozungulira, 12 masentimita. Masamba akulu ndi aakulu amapereka malingaliro odabwitsa kwa anyezi osiyanasiyana. Amamasula kuchokera May mpaka June.
Mukudziwa? Pa nthawi ya nkhondo za nkhondo, a ku France anasinthitsa akaidi awo ku Saracens kuti amwalire mababu asanu ndi atatu.
Zofunikira pakukula
Allium - chomera chodzichepetsa, chichikulitse pansi pa mphamvu ya ngakhale woyang'anira munda. Komabe, pali zina zofunika pa malo ndi nthaka. Ayenera kuchitidwa kuti apange bwino kukongoletsa anyezi kumunda.
Kusankha malo ndi kuunikira
Kusankha malo kumakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa allium. Ichi ndi chomera chojambula chithunzi, chiyenera kubzalidwa bwino. Mukafika Allium pamtunda ndikofunikira kusankha kumwera.
Pakati pa mitundu yambiri ya anyezi, mukhoza kutayika - shallots, Exibishen, ma anyezi, anyezi, otayirira anyezi, anyezi-batun, Viper anyezi, maekisi.
Dothi la allium
Chofunika chachikulu cha Allium kunthaka - sikuyenera kukhala chinyezi. Dothi liyenera kukhala lotayirira komanso lokonzedwa bwino pamalo obzala, lidzathandizanso kupewa kupezeka kwa madzi owonjezera. Udzu wa asidi sayenera kulowerera ndale. Musanadzalemo ndi zofunika kupanga mchere feteleza kapena humus. 
Ndikofunikira! Ngati msinkhu wa acidity uli pansi pa 7, ndiye ufa wa laimu kapena dolomite uyenera kuwonjezeredwa.
Kubzala anyezi okongoletsera: kufufuza njira
N'zotheka kufalitsa allium m'njira zingapo zosavuta - ndi mbewu, ana ndi mababu. Taganizirani njira izi zobzala kukongoletsera kwambiri:
- Pofuna kupeza zinthu zabwino zoti mubzala, muyenera kusonkhanitsa mbewu kuchokera kuzirombo zoyambirira komanso zazikulu zamaluwa. Mbewu isanayambe kubzala, iyenera kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa kumera. Mbewu imabzalidwa m'dzinja kapena masika. Pambuyo pa mbeu kumera mbande kuthamanga. Komabe, ziyenera kunyalidwa m'maganizo kuti zina mitundu yokongoletsa anyezi monga kuzizira, kotero zimamera pokhapokha kufesa m'nyengo yozizira. Kutsanzira chilengedwe chachilengedwe mwa kuzizira mu firiji kapena pamalo ena ozizira sikungapereke zotsatira. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti mitundu ina imayamba kuphuka kokha chaka chachitatu ndi mtsogolo (ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti anyezi akupeza ndalama zokwanira). Kawirikawiri zimachitika kuti maluwa ndi masamba a anyezi amakula kuchokera ku nthanga ndi oposa malimidwe a mayi.
- Kubalana kwa Allium ndi ana ndi njira ya zomera. Pafupifupi chaka chachitatu cha moyo, mwana amapangidwa m'munsi mwa chomera cha mayi. Mayiyo ayenera kukhala osiyana ndi babu. Panthawiyi, kuwonongeka kwa mbeuyo kuyenera kupeŵedwa. Ana amafesedwa patali pafupifupi masentimita 50, ndipo maonekedwe osiyanasiyana ndi kukula kwa uta wokongoletsera ayenera kuganiziranso.
- Njira yoberekera ndi mababu si nthawi yowonongeka - mutatha maluwa, m'pofunika kudula mutu wa chomera ndikuchikonza ndi kukula kokondweretsa. Kenaka, chomeracho chinabzalidwa m'nthaka. Ndi njira iyi yobalana, allium imakula, kusunga makhalidwe onse a mayi chomera (mtundu ndi kutalika).
Mukudziwa? Mu 2011 ku India chifukwa cha nyengo yoipa, panali anyezi osakwanira mbeu ndipo mitengo yake inakwera maulendo 1.5. Chifukwa cha ichi, anthu a ku New Delhi adatuluka kudzatsutsa. Pafupifupi anthu zikwi makumi asanu ndi awiri (20,000) anachitapo kanthu. Boma la India lachitapo kanthu mwamsanga kuti pakhale dongosolo lolimbana ndi mavuto kuti athetse mitengo ya anyezi.
Momwe mungasamalire chikhalidwe
Chimodzi mwa zomera zosadzichepetsa kwambiri m'munda ndi Allium, kubzala ndi zofunikira kuti muzisamalira panja ndizochepa. Nkofunika kuti mukhale ndi weeding nthawi zonse, mulching ndi kumasula nthaka.
Momwe mungadzamwe madzi
Madzi a zomera ayenera kukhala ofunika. Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi pansi kumabweretsa mababu ovunda ndipo zomera zimamwalira.
Kodi manyowa
Allium ayenera kudyetsedwa mu kasupe, panthawi imeneyi ya feteleza yamchere yomwe ili ndi nayitrojeni yabwino. Pankhani yopatsa chakudya, feteleza ayenera kukhala ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu.
Ndikofunikira! Kukula bwino ndi maluwa ochulukirapo, allium ayenera kuberekedwa panthawi ya kukula kwa tsamba, komanso kupanga mababu ndi mababu.
Kukumba ndi kuziika
Pambuyo pa masamba a chomera amafota ndi kutha kwathunthu, ndipo mbewu zipse - zimalimbikitsidwa kukumba kunja mababu. Izi zimachitidwa kuti zisawononge mababu ku zowonjezera zinyontho m'nthaka. Sakaniyani anyezi mpaka kubzala kotere kuyenera kukhala mu chipinda chakuda ndi chozizira, ndi mpweya wabwino. Allium sasowa malo osintha nthawi zambiri. Ndikofunika kuti musabwezeretsenso nthawi imodzi muzaka zitatu, mitundu ina - osapitirira 1 nthawi muzaka zisanu. Ngati mumabzala kawirikawiri zitsamba, zidzakulirakulira, pomwe mudzatayika kunja kwa makhalidwe a inflorescences.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Chifukwa cha kusungidwa kosayenera kwa mababu asanadzalemo ndi kuchuluka kwa chinyezi m'nthaka, chomeracho chingadwale ndi powdery mildew kapena kuvunda. Pofuna kupewa matenda oterowo, anyezi ayenera kuyamwa asanayambe kubzala, mwachitsanzo, mu uvuni, kutentha sikuyenera kukhala koposa 40 °, ndipo nthawi yotentha ayenera kukhala maola 10.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga ntchentche ndi ntchentche zingayambitsenso mavuto ambiri kumunda. Pochotsa tizirombozi, allium ayenera kuchiritsidwa ndi magawo awiri peresenti yothetsera dichlorvos. Kuchokera ku njira zomwe anthu amagwiritsira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito phulusa, phulusa ndi peat kuti agwiritse ntchito zomera.
Pambuyo powerenga nkhaniyi, munaphunzira za chomera chosavuta chachilendo - anyezi okongoletsera, kubzala ndi kusamalira zomwe zili kunja kuthetsa mavuto ambiri. Komabe, ngakhale mutakhala ndi khama lochepa, mudzalandira kuchokera ku bedi lanu la maluwa mokwanira.
