Eni ake omwe ali ndi ziwembu zazikulu komanso nyumba zazing'ono za chilimwe zimakondanso kusinkhasinkha ndi zipatso ndi zipatso. Kuti muchite izi, m'mundamu muyenera "kukhazikitsa" mitengo yazipatso ndi zitsamba, zomwe pali mitundu yambiri yambiri. Mitundu ina imakondedwa makamaka ndi akatswiri olima dimba.
Zipatso zamabulosi kuchokera pamitengo yanu ndilotota ya wolima. Ngakhale novice amatha kupeza mbewu ngati atatsatira malamulo obzala ndi kusamalira mitengo. Choyamba, ndikofunikira kudziwa mtundu wa mbewu zomwe zimabzalidwe bwino m'malo ena.
Pali mndandanda waukulu wamitundu ndi mitundu ya mitengo yazipatso yomwe imakhalapo pafupifupi nyengo iliyonse. Tsopano, osati wokhala ku Chigawo cha Moscow kapena ku Crimea, komanso wolima dimba, yemwe chiwembu chake chili ku Siberia, amatha kusankha mbande za mundawo.
Mtengo wa Apple ndi zipatso
Mtengo wa apulo
Mtengo wa apulo mwina ndi zipatso zotchuka kwambiri. Mitengo imalimidwa m'minda yodziwika bwino ndi minda yolima. Maonekedwe osasamala kwambiri, opatsa mabodza pang'ono (kutengera mitundu), zipatso zokoma ndi zopatsa thanzi.
Mowoneka, ndi mtengo wokhala ndi korona kufalikira wokhala ndi kutalika kwa 2,5 mpaka 10. Pali mitundu yambiri ya mitengo ya maapulo kotero nkovuta kuti kusiyanitsa zinthu zomwe zimapezeka mu mitengo yonse yamtunduwu.
Kuyamba kwa zipatso za mtengo wa apulo kumachitika patatha zaka 4-5 mutabzala. Zonse, mtengo ukhoza kukhala pafupifupi zaka 40.
Mtengo wa apulo umadziwika ndi kukana chisanu, umalekerera kugwedezeka bwino. Kudya pafupipafupi sikutanthauza. Mutha kubzala mitengo yazipatso yaying'ono nthawi yophukira komanso yophukira. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mtengo wa maapozi sufuna kukoka ndi chinyezi m'nthaka.
Zofunika! Mu zaka 2 zoyambirira za mtengo wachichepere, maluwa onse omwe amakhalapo amayenera kuchotsedwa. Amabera mtengo wa apulo mphamvu zofunika pakukula ndikukula.
Mopepuka zipatso za peyala
Ngale
Mtengo wopatsa zipatso uwu wokhala ndi masamba amdima ovate ndi makungwa osalala ndiye wopikisana kwambiri ndi mtengo wa apulo. Zaka zomwe amakhala nazo ali pafupi zaka zana. Kukongola kwa dimba kumakula kudera lonse la Europe, komanso ku Central Asia.
Peyala imakonda dothi lotayirira, lophatikiza michere, motero pamafunika kuvala bwino komanso kusankha malo abwino kubzala. Ngati mtengo udzuzika, umakula mwachangu ndipo m'kupita kwa nthawi ungafike mpaka mita 5.
Kuyambika ndikofunika kupanga mu kugwa, ngakhale mu April ndizovomerezeka. Ndikofunikira kusankha malo a dzuwa ndi dothi lotayirira. Peyala imayenderana bwino. Mu zaka 4 zoyambirira za moyo, mmera umafunikira nayitrogeni ndikuthilira nyengo yadzuwa.
Peyala imayamba kubala chipatso pa zaka 4-7 zaulimi.
Kucha maula panthambi
Plum
Wosakanizidwa mwachilengedwe wakuda ndi maula wazomera - maula, amakhalanso mlendo m'minda ya ku Europe ya Russia. Ndi mtengo wamtali (mpaka 15 m), wokhala ndi korona wa ovoid. Plum amakhala zaka 25-30, pomwe 15 zokha zimabala zipatso.
Kubzala mitengo ya maula ndi bwino kumachita kumapeto kwa masika kapena kugwa koyambirira.
Zofunika kudziwa! Mbewu zonsezo komanso zachikale zambiri nthawi zambiri zimayang'aniridwa ndi tizirombo topezeka ndi madzi a zipatso. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kukonzekera kupopera nthawi zonse masika ndi yophukira yophatikizira ndi mankhwala apadera.
Mitengo ya achikulire, monga lamulo, imanyamula nyengo yachisanu popanda mavuto, ndikofunika kukulunga mbande za chaka choyamba ndi udzu pamtengo. Chapakatikati, mitengo yokhwima imafunikira kudulira, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimachitika mu Marichi.
Zofunika! Maula amapanga mizu yambiri. Izi ndizowona makamaka pamitengo yakale komanso yodwala, kuyesera mwanjira iyi "kusiya ana." Ma plums achichepere amatha kudalidwa kuchokera pansi. Ngati izi sizinakonzedwe, ndikofunika kuchotsa mizu pafupipafupi kuti asachotse mphamvu pamizu.
Mtengo wa apricot
Apurikoti
Apurikoti ndi wachibale wa maula, amenenso ndi wa banja la Rosaceae. Pokumbukira chiyanjano ichi, dzina lakale la Russia la mtengowu - wowonda wachikasu adatsalira.
Apurikoti ndi mtengo wosabala zipatso mpaka 8 m kutalika. Limamasula mu Epulo, ndipo maluwa amawonekera pamaso pa masamba, zomwe zimapangitsa mtengo kukhala wokongola kwambiri nthawi ino.
Mtengowu umakhala nthawi yayitali, mpaka zaka 100, umayamba kubereka zipatso kuyambira chaka cha 3 cha moyo ndipo umatha zaka 30 mpaka 40. Chifukwa cha mizu yolimba, kulowa mkati mwa dothi, chilala sichimamuopa. Mosiyana ndi malingaliro akuti apurikoti ndi chomera chakumwera, amalekerera chisanu chambiri mpaka -25 ° С, mitundu ina - mpaka -30 ° С.
Zofunika kudziwa! Kumpoto, ma apricots amabzalidwa kasupe, pakati panjira ndi kumwera mutha kuyika mbande mu Okutobala. Ndikwabwino kuwapezera malo paphirili, okhala ndi dothi louma.
Pamodzi ndi mitengo yazipatso, mitengo ya mabulosi ndiyabwino alendo m'minda. Amakhalanso ndi mitundu ndi mitundu yambiri, osamalira bwino, amabala zipatso zambiri ndikukula mwachangu.
Cherry
Wina membala wotchuka wa banja la a Pinks ndi chitumbuwa. Mbewuyi imamera mokhazikika monga mtundu wa shrub (mpaka 3 m), komanso ngati mtengo (mpaka 8 m). Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu yokhala ngati mitengo imayamba kubala zipatso patapita nthawi kuposa mitengo.
Cherry imamera pafupifupi kulikonse, kupatula zipululu komanso kumpoto kwenikweni. Mtengowu umakhala posachedwa, pafupifupi zaka 30.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya mtengo, ena a iwo ochulukitsa, ena osatero. Chifukwa chake ndikofunika kukhala ndi yamatcheri angapo pachimodzimodzi, mitundu iwiri.
Kwa mbande, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupeze malo abwino okhala ndi dothi lamchenga. Cherry sakonda dothi lolemera komanso kusokonekera kwamadzi pamizu. Koma imalekerera chilala pang'onopang'ono, ngakhale imafunikira kuthirira kwa chilimwe muzaka zoyambirira mutabzala.
Cherry imagwirizana ndi chisanu chambiri, ngakhale nthawi zina pamatsika kwambiri 90% yamaluwa amaundana. Kwambiri, mtengo "sakonda" mphepo yozizira ndi blizzards; m'malo owombera, imatha kufa mu chisanu chochepa mphamvu.
Cherry
Chitumbuwa chokoma
Mtundu wakale kwambiri wa chitumbuwa ndi chitumbuwa (chimakhalanso chitumbuwa cha mbalame), ndi mtengo wamtali, mpaka 10 mita. Nthawi zina pamakhala akulu akulu ndi 30 m. Mizu nthawi zambiri imakhala yopingasa, koma pamikhalidwe yapadera mizere imakhazikikanso.
Chitumbuwa chimayamba kubala chipatso kuyambira zaka 4-5 za moyo, chonsecho mtengowu ukhoza kukhala ndi zaka 100. Mtengowu, ngati chitumbuwa, sukonda kuzimiririka chinyezi, mphepo zozizira komanso malo okhala omata.
Mu kasupe, yamatcheri amafunika kudulira kovomerezeka ndi kuvala pamwamba (kuyambira chaka cha 4 cha kukula).
Tcherani khutu! Chapakatikati, ndikofunikira kukonza malo ozungulira mitengo yazipatso ndi zitsamba, kumasula dothi pang'ono, ndikuchotsa zinyalala ndi namsongole.
Nthambi za sea buckthorn mu zipatso
Nyanja yakumwa
Sea buckthorn - mtengo (ukhoza kumera mwa shrub), womwe sunangothandiza, komanso wokongoletsa.
Kutalika kwa chomera kumatha kufika 10 m, mizu yake ndi yapamwamba kwambiri, nthambi zambiri. Zomera zam'madzi zotchedwa sea-buckthorn blooms nondescript, kukongoletsa kwake kwenikweni ndi zipatso zowala za lalanje. Amakhala ndi kukoma kwakuthengo, koma athanzi kwambiri.
Kubzala pamalowo kumamveka zongotengera zachikazi zokha, chifukwa zazimuna sizimapereka zipatso. Ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa pakati pawo: masamba omwe ali pamitengo yachikazi ndi ochepa, ndi masikelo. Pa amuna, ndi okulirapo komanso "amwano." Imayamba kuonekera pokha zaka 3-4 zamera zomera.
Malo osankhidwa pamalopo ayenera kukhala owala bwino, osakhala oyipa ngati dothi lonyowa pang'ono, koma popanda madzi ochulukirapo.
Mizu ya zipatso nthawi zambiri imakhala yamphamvu, imagona pansi. Mizu yake ndi yotakata kuposa korona m'lifupi. Dothi likamapangidwa bwino, limakula kwambiri, ndikukhala lamphamvu. Izi zimathandizira kukula kwa mlengalenga kwa chomera ndi zipatso zake zochulukirapo.
Ndiye chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kumasula, kuthira madzi ndi kuthira manyowa m'nthaka. Zakudya za mmera kudzera muzu zimatengera izi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zipatso.
Ngati malo palibe mitengo yokhala ndi nduwira zake zamphamvu ndi mizu, zitsamba zosankhapo zipatso zitha kusankhidwira mundawo.
Tchire la Berry kumunda
Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, chitsamba chilichonse cha mabulosi chimatha kupereka zipatso zabwino. Malamulo posamalira mbewu zosakhwima amafanana kwambiri komanso osavuta.
Black currant
Currant
Currant ndi chitsamba chochokera ku banja la jamu, sichiyenera kuyambitsa. Ku Russia, idakulitsidwa m'zaka za zana la X. Pali maphikidwe ambiri ogwiritsa ntchito zipatso za mtengowu.
Chitsamba chosatha chili ndi mitundu yambiri. Zina mwazitali kutalika (mbewu zimapezeka mu 300, 500, 800 cm), mosakanikirana, mtundu wa zipatso (nthawi zina zakuda, zofiira, zoyera, zagolide).
Ma curators amakhala ndi mizu yolimba, yopanda ulusi, chifukwa chomwe chitsamba chimamera msanga malo atsopano. Muli chaka chachiwiri mutabzala, mutha kuyembekezera zokolola. Ndi chisamaliro chabwino, ma currants amasangalala ndi zipatso mpaka zaka 15.
Malo okhala ndi dothi labwino komanso lopanda mphepo zamphamvu ndi oyenera kubzala.
Gooseberries ndi zipatso
Jamu
Wachibale wa currant ndi jamu, monganso wamba. Chimakula chifukwa cha zipatso zokoma. Chinthu chosasangalatsa chomera ndi minga yake, yomwe imasokoneza zokolola.
Jamu ndi zipatso zautali pang'ono, wokhala ndi masamba owala. Limamasuka msanga, ndi chomera cha uchi, chomwe chimakopa tizilombo toyambitsa mungu mungu pamalowo. Phindu lalikulu la chitsamba ndi chonde chake. Chomera chimodzi chokha pamalopo chimatha kukolola zochuluka komanso nthawi zonse.
Zofunika! Mbewu za goose, monga mabulosi ena, nthawi zambiri zimapsafulapo (sferoteka). Popewa, chitsamba chizichiritsidwa nthawi ndi nthawi pogwiritsa ntchito mkuwa.
Blueberries
Blueberries
Chitsamba chofiyachi (mpaka 1 mita) sichinalandiridwe kwambiri ngati chomwe tafotokozachi, komabe, ambiri adachiyesa.
Ma Blueberries amalola mthunzi ndi mawonekedwe amdima, pafupipafupi hydration. Sakonda chilala. Chifukwa chake, ngati malo osankhidwa ndi dzuwa adasankhidwira, nthawi zambiri mumayenera kuthirira ndikuthira ndi madzi.
M'madera apakati, maluwa obiriwira amayamba kubzala kumapeto, mu Seputembara-Okutobala, komanso kumpoto, kubzala masika ndikofunikira.
Ma Blueberries amafunika kuthirira pafupipafupi, kuti dothi lomwe limazika nthawi zonse limakhala lonyowa pang'ono. Mavalidwe apachaka apamwamba okhala ndi feteleza wamaminolo ndi organic ndizothandiza pamtengowo, pansi pa mizu komanso masamba.
Zomwe zimabzala pamtengo
Malo onse owala bwino omwe ali pamalowo atadzaza kale ndi zomerazo, funso limadzuka choti mudzala mumtengowo. Kutetemera kwathunthu sikumakhudza pafupifupi mbewu zonse bwino, komabe, pali zitsamba zomwe sizingokhala malo otsalawo, komanso zitha kubereka zipatso pazinthu zomwe zaperekedwa.
Blackberry Trellis
Mabulosi akutchire
Mtundu wa mabulosi nthawi zambiri umamera m'mphepete, masewera amtchire, ndipo umagunda chilichonse mozungulira kuti ndizosatheka kuti munthu apite m'malo awa. Kukoma kwa zipatso zakuda ndikoyenera kuzunzidwa konse komwe kumayembekezera anthu omwe agwera m'nkhalango yamtchire.
Zotulutsa za mabulosi akuda ndizodabwitsa, nthawi 3-4 kuposa zomwe zimakhala ndi rasipiberi. Zofanana sizimathera pomwepo: mphukira zakuda, ngati rasipiberi, zimayamba kubereka zipatso mchaka chachiwiri.
Zipatso zomwe zili pachitsamba zimacha pang'onopang'ono, kotero kuti zokolola zimapitilira kwa nthawi yayitali.
Ubwino wina wa mabulosi akutchire ndi kukongoletsa kwake. Akatswiri pa kapangidwe ka malo amalimbikitsa kubzala mbewu pafupi ndi mpanda, ukonde kapena thandizo lina. Chifukwa chakutha kwa nthawi mutha kutenga dothi.
Zofunika! Muyenera kugula mbande zokhazokha muzomera zodalirika.
Woodwood ndi zipatso zakupsa
Galu
Chitsamba china chololera mthunzi ndi nkhuni. Ndiwokwera kwambiri, mpaka 2 m, ndipo mphukira ikulendewera pansi. Ngati nthambi ifika pansi, imazika mizu msanga, motero nkosavuta kufalitsa nkhuni.
Pakati pa tchire la m'munda, mwini wake wa zipatso zofiira ndi chiwindi chambiri. Zaka za chomera zimatha kufika zaka zana.
Dogwood sakonda kuwala kochulukirapo, choncho ndibwino kuti mupeze malo ake pomanga kapena m'mphepete mwa mpanda.
Ndiosavuta kusamalira chomera ichi. Monga maziko, mutha kutenga malamulo osamalira gooseberries kapena othandizira: kudula ndi kumasula, kuthirira panthawi yake, kuvala masika ndi chilimwe, kudulira mwaukhondo ndi kukalamba.
Chokeberry
Chokeberry, kapena chokeberry, kale anali wobzala ngati mbewu yokongoletsera. Kenako idalimidwa, mitundu yosiyanasiyana idapangidwa, zipatso zake zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kukoma kwabwino.
Chitsamba chamtchirechi sichodabwitsa kwambiri, chimamera bwino pamithunzi ndipo sichimawopa chisanu. Chifukwa cha mizu yapamwamba kwambiri, ma chokeberries saopa madzi apansi panthaka.
Tcherani khutu! Zipatso za Chokeberry zimacha mu Ogasiti, koma akulangizidwa kuti azisonkhanitsa itatha chisanu choyamba.
Kwa iwo omwe chiwembu chawo chimakhala chovuta kupanga mitundu ingapo yophukira, mutha kulangizanso mitengo yazipatso. Adatenga dzina lawo chifukwa chofanana ndi mawonekedwe akunja. Kuchokera patali, zikuwoneka kuti mbewu izi zilibe nthambi konse. Izi siziri - pali nthambi, koma zazifupi.
Mtengo wa apulo woboola pakati
Zojambula ndi zovuta zake
Mitengo yobochedwa kholomu imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ndi zovuta zawo zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi deta yawo yakunja.
Ubwino:
- Kugwirizana. Zomera zotere sizifunikira chiwembu chachikulu;
- Zopatsa Mitengo imakhala yobala kale chaka chachiwiri cha moyo;
- Osadzikuza. Palibe mikhalidwe yapadera yomwe imafunikira kwa iwo;
- Kukongoletsa. Mitengo yaying'ono imakhala ngati chokongoletsera malowa.
Pali zovuta ziwiri zokha zamitengo yooneka ngati njuchi: fragility (zipatso zosaposa zaka 20) komanso mtengo waukulu kuposa mbande zachikhalidwe.
Momwe mungabzalire mitengo yamakhola
Mitengo yooneka ngati Colon imakonda dothi lotayirira, lolemera, lamchenga komanso kuwala kwa dzuwa. Osaloleza chinyezi kusunthika ku mizu ndi kukonzekera.
Mbande zibzalidwa kasupe, mtunda wa 1 mita kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Ngati pali mbande zingapo, pulani yodzabzala ndi lalikulu, ndi mbali za mita 1. Kuti muchite izi, kukumba pansi mpaka 60 cm 70 cm.Dothi likakhazikika, mutha kuyala pansi pansi, onjezani spoonful wa nayitrogeni ndi feteleza wa potaziyamu, kuwaza pang'ono ndi nthaka.
Mutawongola mizu, ikani mbande mu dzenjelo ndikudzaza ndi khosi kumizu, ndikuyikhatira ndi manja anu. Pambuyo pake idatsirira kuthilira kwambiri.
Momwe angasamalire
Malangizo posamalira mitengo ya zipatso:
- Kuthirira. Mitengo yaying'ono imathiriridwa kamodzi pa sabata kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena kochepa ngati ivumba kawirikawiri. Kuwaza pachakudya ndiwopindulitsanso;
- Mavalidwe apamwamba. Ntchito yoyamba pa chisanu chosungunuka (nayitrogeni), kugwiritsa ntchito kwachiwiri pa maluwa (njira ya mullein) ndipo kuphatikizika komweku kumayambiranso sabata imodzi mutatha maluwa. 4th ntchito ikuchitika kugwa (phosphorous ndi potaziyamu);
- Kudulira. Njirayi ndiyosowa kwambiri ngati mphukira zazitali zimawonekera. Ndikofunika kuti musayiwale kuthira mafuta malo onse omwe mabala anu ali ndi mundawo.
Munda wokhala ndi zipatso ndi mabulosi
Mitengo yamitundumitundu yamitundu imakulolani kuti musankhe bwino malowa. Kupeza tchire la zipatso zomwe zingakondweretse zokolola chaka chilichonse ndizosavuta. Mutha kubzala bwino m'munda wamaloto anu.
