Tonse timadziwa kuti mbatata imakhala yachiwiri (pambuyo pa mkate) mndandanda wa zakudya zomwe zimapezeka m'madyedwe athu. Ilipo pafupifupi pafupifupi mbale zonse. Koma pali nthawi pamene masamba awa sali otheka, komanso owopsa. Izi ndi mbatata yobiriwira yomwe ili ndi zinthu zovulaza, zomwe zimayambitsa poyizoni mukamayamwa kwambiri.
Pamene mbatata imatembenuka
Kuwoneka kwa zomera kumakhala chifukwa chakuti pansi pa zinthu zabwino, mbatata imatha kudzibala. Masana, chinyezi chokwanira cha chipinda chimapangitsa kuti chiyambi cha njira ya photosynthesis, yomwe chlorophyll imapezeka mizu imakhudzidwa. Njirayi imakhala yotchuka poonekera pa utoto wobiriwira pa tubers. Zimadziwika kuti chlorophyll imapezeka mu zomera zonse ndipo pansi pa dzuwa dzuwa lonse limakhala lobiriwira kapena lofiirira.
Phunzirani momwe mungasunge mbatata mu nyumba ndipo ngati n'zotheka kufungira mbatata mufiriji.
Mbatata imayambira ndi masamba ndi obiriwira, ndipo mbatata pansi zimangotetezedwa ndi mazira a ultraviolet. Zomera zowonongeka timayang'ana kumene zimapezeka kunthaka. Pogwiritsa ntchito nyali za fulorosenti, izi sizichitika. Photosynthesis imayambitsidwa ndi kuwala kwa ultraviolet kapena infrared. 
Mukudziwa? Kwa nthawi yoyamba mbatata inawoneka pakati pa zaka za XVII, inayambitsidwa ndi Peter I. Komabe, pachiyambi izo zinangowononga chabe, monga anthu adya zipatso ndi mphukira zokha. Zotsatira zake, zinalipo poizoni komanso ngakhale imfa. Ndipo muzaka za zana la 18 zokha, mbatata idakhala kale "mkate wachiwiri".
Kodi n'zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito
Icho chimatulukira Zipatso "ndi masamba" ndizoopsa kuzigwiritsa ntchito. Kusungirako nthawi yaitali kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa poizoni. Kusintha kwa mtundu wa khungu kumapangitsa kukhala kosayenera kwa anthu. Chakudya choterechi ndi choopsa kwambiri kwa amayi apakati, ana aang'ono, okalamba komanso omwe ali ndi matenda.
Chifukwa chiyani ndizoopsa
Mbatata ndi ya banja la nightshade, lomwe lili ndi mankhwala ovulaza - solanine. Malo ake okwera kwambiri ali m'magulu a maluwa. Mu tubers, gawo lake ndi laling'ono (0.05%). Koma motsogoleredwa ndi ultraviolet, solanine imakula mochulukitsa kangapo, zomwe zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri.
Ndikofunikira! Pamene mukukula masambawa, chinthu chachikulu ndicho kukhala ndi zitsamba zokwanira kuti dzuwa lisalowe mizu, chifukwa pakutha nthawi yaitali kwa ultraviolet kuchuluka kwa zinthu zowononga kungafike 500 mg pa 100 g ya mankhwala.
Zizindikiro za poizoni
Zizindikiro zoyamba za poizoni sizikugwirizana ndi poizoni wamba wamba. Ngati mudya mbatata yomwe solanine ilipo 300 mg, ndiye pambuyo pa maola atatu zizindikiro zotsatirazi zikuwoneka:
- Kusakaniza ndi pakhosi.
- Ululu wa Antispasmodic mmimba ndi m'matumbo.
- Chikwama chachikulu cha saliva, kusanza.
- Kuvuta kupuma ndi malungo.
- Mimba imakhumudwitsidwa ndi zopweteka zopweteka komanso zonyansa.
- Kuwonjezeka kwa ophunzira.
- Matenda a mtima omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mtima ndi kupweteka kwa mtima.
Zimene mungachite mukakhala poizoni
Pamene poizoni sichilemera kwambiri, mungathe kukhala ndi zinthu zosavuta zapakhomo:
- Sambani m'mimba ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate kapena sorbent aliyense.
- Imwani madzi abwino ambiri.
Dziwani zomwe mbatata ndi yabwino komanso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito maluwa a mbatata ndi maluwa a mbatata m'nyumba ndi mankhwala.
Panthawi yovuta kwambiri, chithandizo chili motere:
- Itanani ambulansi.
- Sambani m'mimba ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate ndikupanga kusanza.
- Imwani mlingo wachiwiri wa mpweya wokonzedwa.
- Ngati ndi kotheka, onjezerani mankhwala ofewetsa ululu.
- Dokotala amagwiritsa ntchito njira yowonongeka ndi mankhwala osakaniza a sodium chloride.
- Pochepetsa kuchepa kwa poizoni, ndibwino kuti mudya zakudya zopatsa mphamvu, monga puran, mkaka, kapena zoyera zakuda.
Mukudziwa? Ku Minsk, pali chikumbutso cha mbatata, chifukwa bulba - mankhwala a ku Belarus. Malingana ndi ziwerengero, chaka chimodzi chi Belalasi chimadyetsa makilogalamu 183 a mbatata, pomwe, monga Chijeremani, 168 makilogalamu, Pole, 123 kg, ndi Russian kawiri, koma makilogalamu 90 okha.
Solanine
Kuwoneka kwa poizoniyi ndikuteteza mbatata motsutsana ndi zotheka tizirombo ndi matenda. Pamene muzu uli wokwanira, zomwe zilipozi ndizochepa, ndi 0.05% okha. Pambuyo pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, zizindikiro zake zimayamba kukulirakulira, mbambamwamba imakhala ndi mbatata yosapsa kapena yomera. 
Solanine amapezedwanso mu tomato wobiriwira.
Kawirikawiri, mbatata imatchedwa "mbatata", ngakhale kuti imakhala yosiyana ndi mbatata.
Zimadziwika kuti solanine imaletsa njira zamanjenje, zimayambitsa kudzikuza komanso kuwononga maselo ofiira a magazi. Mukhoza kufufuza imfa yawo mwa kuyesa mkodzo, padzakhala kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni. Pochotsa poizoni m'thupi, impso ndi khungu zimawonongeka. Komanso Solanine amalowa m'thupi. Zotsatira zake, zimayambitsa matenda ogwirizana komanso kukula kwa maselo a khansa.
Mmene mungapewere maonekedwe
Pofuna kupeĊµa maonekedwe a zitsamba pa kucha kwa muzu, m'pofunika kuti muzichita mwachidwi hilling. Njira zoterezi zimapangitsa dothi kutayirira, kuonjezera kukula kwa tubers ndi kuwateteza ku njira ya photosynthesis.
Ndikofunikira! Ndikofunika kusunga mbewu yokolola m'malo ozizira popanda kuwala kwa dzuwa. Zonsezi zidzakuthandizani kupeza zokolola zomwe zimabweretsa thupi kukhala lopindula.
Ngati kudula?
Khungu lowonongeka likachotsedwa, kuchuluka kwa poizoni kumachepetsa, koma palibe kutsimikiza kuti sikunadutse muzitsamba za muzu. Akatswiri samalimbikitsa kudya mbatata popanda chofunika kwambiri, chifukwa ngakhale kutentha sikuthetsa poizoni. 
Onani njira zabwino zogwirira mbatata m'nyengo yozizira.
Chothandiza n'chiyani
Mitundu ya mtundu wa green tubers imasungidwa bwino mpaka masika, osachepa kwambiri chifukwa cha kuwonongeka komanso mwamsanga. Olima minda amafalitsa mizu, pofuna kubzala chaka chamawa ndi mchere wochepa kuti apeze mthunzi wake wobiriwira ndi mphukira zakuda. Zomwe zimabzala zimamera bwino, ndipo m'tsogolomu mbewu imatha kupezeka masabata angapo kuposa kale lonse, pamene idzakhala yayikulu kwambiri.
Podziwa za kuvulala kwa mbatata, ndibwino kuimiritsa kuti imere kumera kuti ipange zokolola zambiri. Ngati kulibe ponseponse pa nthaka, ndibwino kuti mutayaye ndipo musaike pangozi thanzi la okondedwa anu.
