Kukula kofulumira kwa zamakono zamakono zamakono kumatipatsa ife kudzaza msika wa mdziko lonse ndi katundu wapamwamba, wothandiza ndi wotsika mtengo. Otsatsa akugwira ntchito nthawi zonse pokula nkhumba zatsopano zomwe zimakhala bwino poyerekeza ndi nkhuku zoyera. Kuti mudziwe zokolola za nkhuku, chiŵerengero cha chakudya chomwe chinagwiritsidwa ntchito polima kilogalamu imodzi ya nyama chikuwerengedwa. Ndipo pambali iyi, nkhuku za broiler zimakhalabe ndi utsogoleri wosayenera.
Zomwe zimapezeka pa broilers: momwe mungakhalire malo abwino kwa mbalameyi
Malingana ndi malo omwe alipo ndi zinthu chifukwa zomwe olemba broilers amasankha njira yozama kapena yowonjezera.
Ndi njira yowonjezera Nkhumba imodzi ya nkhuku za broiler imagulidwa masika kapena chilimwe, ndipo kusamalira ndi kudyetsa kwawo kumachitika isanakwane. Njira yochuluka zimaphatikizapo kugula timagulu ting'onoting'ono ta nyama zazing'ono payezi 3-4.
Pakuti nkhuku za broiler zili zoyenera Mitundu iwiri ya zinthu: mu khola kapena pamabedi ozama.
Ngati makondomu aperekedwa kwa zinyalala, ndiye kuti ziyenera kukhala ndi zowonongeka, zowuma zomwe zimatha kuyamwa mvula komanso mpweya woipa. Kafukufuku wouma wouma bwino ndi woyenera. Kutayika kwa chidepa sikuyenera kupitirira 10 centimita. Pamene mukukula broilers kunyumba, pansi ali ndi utuchi, malingana ndi mlingo wa 0.5-1.0 makilogalamu pa lalikulu mita.
Chipinda chimene nkhuku za tsiku ndi tsiku zimakulira ziyenera kuunikiridwa mozungulira koloko. Pa mamita a mita imodzi musakhale ndi mbalame zoposa 18. Chipinda chiyenera kukhala mpweya wokwanira. Panthawi yoyamba ya kukula kwa broilers, mpweya kutentha ayenera 26-33 madigiri kutentha. Pa sabata lachinayi, liyenera kuchepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono kufika pa madigiri 18-19. Mafunde otentha amatha kuchepetsa kukula kwa nkhuku ndi imfa ya mbalame zofooka.
Pofuna kutentha chipinda chomwe amalonda amakula, mungagwiritse ntchito chimbudzi chimodzi kapena zingapo zamagetsi. Chofunika kwambiri cha heaters ngati amenewa ndi kusintha kusintha kutentha. Ngati nkhuku zakhala zikuzungulira ponseponse, izi zikusonyeza kusowa kwa kutentha. Ngati atsegula mapiko ndikukoka mitu, ndiye kutentha kumayenera kuchepetsedwa.
Mukakulira muzitseko, kutentha kwa ma broilers kuyenera kukhala kochepa kuposa momwe kulima kunja. Mu khola, nkhuku sizingatheke pakusankha malo otentha, kuti pakhale malo abwino, kutentha kwa mapiri apamwamba sikuyenera kugwa pansi pa 34 ° C.
Mukudziwa? Kutembenuzidwa ku Chirasha, mawu akuti "broil" amatanthauza "kuthamanga pamoto."
Kodi mungasamalire bwanji broilers kunyumba?
Asanafike nkhuku, m'pofunika kuchita ntchito yokonzekera pang'ono kuti apange zinthu zabwino kwambiri. Ziyenera kukhala zotheka kutsegula chipinda, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo ndizofunika kutetezera zojambula zilizonse.
Tsamba lazitsulo Kunyumba kumafuna chidwi chapadera pa nkhani ya chisamaliro cha mbalame. Choncho, malo abwino kwambiri adzakhala pansi, ndipo pamwamba pake padzakhala udzu kapena utuchi. Ndi gulu laling'ono, mungagwiritse ntchito nsalu.
Ngati mukukula ma broilers pang'onopang'ono, kuti mupereke nyama kwa banja lanu, anapiye amatha kuikidwa mu makatoni kapena mabokosi a matabwa. Mukafika msinkhu wa masabata, amatha kumasulidwa pansi, asanamange mpanda kuchoka kudera lino.
Kuphimba kubereka kunyumba sikungatheke popanda chitetezo cha mbalame. Anthu ochita nsapato amakhala amanyazi, pangozi amalowa m'gulu la nkhosa, motero amadzivulaza okha, ndipo nthawi zina amafa. Musalole kuti zigalu, amphaka, mbewa ndi makoswe alowe m'deralo.
Ndikofunikira! Kukula kwa broilers, akafika msinkhu wa masiku makumi asanu ndi awiri, kumakhala opanda chuma. Pambuyo pofika m'badwo uno, chitukuko chawo chimachepetsanso kwambiri, ndipo kubwezera kwa chakudya kumatsika kwambiri.
Nkhuku Zodyetsa Zakudya
Pamene mukuphika chakudya cha broilers, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe ali gawo la chakudya. Kuti muwerenge molondola zitsulo, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito peresenti. Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa momwe mukuyenera kuphika chakudya, muyenera kumanga pa chiwerengero cha mbalame. Palibe chifukwa chophika chakudya chambiri nthawi imodzi. Musanayambe nkhuku nkhuku kunyumba, muyenera kusunga chakudya cha masiku 1-2.
Mapangidwe a zakudya za anapiye akale amaphatikizapo:
- 8% balere odulidwa;
- 12% mkaka wowonjezera mkaka (kefir, whey, yogurt);
- 14% mafuta okayika;
- 16% anaphwanya tirigu;
- 50% anaphwanya maso a chimanga.
Mbali iyi ndi yabwino kwa anapiye mpaka masabata awiri. Mukhozanso kuwonjezera choko ndi mavitamini ku chakudya.
Panthawi imeneyi, kudya chakudya tsiku ndi tsiku ndi 10-25 g pa nkhuku.
Pambuyo pa a broilers atakwanitsa zaka ziwiri mpaka mwezi umodzi, chakudyacho chimasintha. Panthawiyi, funso la momwe mungakwezerere broilers kunyumba, limagwiritsa ntchito kukwanira kwa thupi ndi zigawo zonse zofunika zomwe zimathandiza kuti nkhuku zitha kukula. Pazaka izi, chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku cha broiler chimodzi chimawonjezeka kufika 120 g. Chigawo chachikulu cha chakudyacho chimakhala chomwecho, kukula kwake kumasintha, ndi zina zambiri zatsopano zimayambitsidwa kudya.
Chakudya cha mafuta odyetsa mafuta osapitirira chaka chimodzi chimaphatikizapo:
- 1% mafuta odyetsa;
- 3% mkaka ufa;
- 3% wobiriwira;
- Yisiti ya 5%;
- 7% nsomba kapena fupa;
- 13% anaphwanya tirigu;
- 19% ya chakudya kapena keke;
- 48% anaphwanya chimanga.
Ngati vutoli lisakonzedwe osati chakudya chimodzi chokha, koma ndi m'munsi mwa masiku angapo, ndiye kuti masamba ayenera kuwonjezeredwa asanadye. Mankhwalawa amadya bwino, makamaka akakonzeka ndi yogurt kapena mkaka watsopano.
Pambuyo pa ma broilers amafika pa msinkhu wa mwezi umodzi, m'pofunika kusintha kuchuluka kwake kwa kusakaniza kwa fattening. Pa nthawiyi, pali chiwerengero cha kulemera kwake ndi kukoma kwa ma broilers, omwe ndi ofunika makamaka pamene nkhuku zoyambira nkhuku zimakwera kuti zikhale nyama. Tsopano mbalame iliyonse imafuna 140-150 g chakudya pa tsiku.
Zomwe zimapangidwanso kumapeto kwa zakudya zimaphatikizapo:
- 1% wobiriwira;
- Mafuta 3%;
- 5% yisiti;
- 8% balere;
- 8% nsomba kapena fupa;
- 9% akulu;
- 13% tirigu;
- 45% anaphwanya chimanga.
Kodi kudyetsa broilers
Nkhuku za nkhuku, makamaka nkhuku, zimafuna kusamala kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya nkhuku. Pofuna kupanga zakudya zoyenera kwa broilers, ndikofunikira kuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane. zochitika pa nthawi iliyonse ya chitukuko cha mbalameyi.
- Zaka - tsiku. Pa msinkhu uwu, zomwe zimapezeka pa broilers panyumba zimayamba ndi kutentha kwa kutentha ndi kuyatsa. Kufikira kukafika zaka ziwiri, malo pafupi ndi wodyetsa ayenera kuyatsa nthawi, chifukwa mbalame sizingadye mumdima. Mpaka masiku asanu, nkhuku zimadyetsedwa ndi chakudya choyamba, kapena chimanga cha tirigu, chimanga ndi mapira. Komanso, nkhuku iliyonse iyenera kulandira mlingo wa "Trivitamin" (yokonza nkhuku). Ndipo kuti mabakiteriya a putrefactive akhale m'mimba, m'pofunika kuwonjezera shuga (kuchepetsedwa mu kuchuluka kwa 50 g pa lita imodzi) ndi ascorbic acid (2 g pa lita imodzi) kwa womwa. Mavitamini otero a broilers amathandizira kwambiri kukula kwa mbalameyi.
- Zaka - sabata. Kuyambira kuyambira zaka zisanu, nkhuku zitha kudyetsedwa pang'onopang'ono ndi zowonongeka. Pazaka izi, broilers akhoza kudyetsedwa chakudya chamagulu chotchedwa "Kukula". Komanso monga zowonjezera, nkhuku zimapatsidwa zakudya zowonjezera chakudya: yogurt, kanyumba tchizi, nsomba yophika nsomba yophika.
- Mwezi - zaka. Pa msinkhu uno, broilers akuluakulu amazoloŵera mbewu zonse. Mitundu, masamba a kabichi, nsonga za beet - izi ndi zomwe mungathe kudyetsa broilers kunyumba. Nsowa imaphatikizidwanso phala (pafupifupi makilogalamu 10, pafupifupi 200 g yisiti). Kumbukirani kuti ma broilers sangathe kudyetsedwa ndi chakudya chonse chatsopano kamodzi, zopangidwa zonse ziyenera kuperekedwa pang'onopang'ono komanso mosiyana. Mukhozanso kuyamwa tirigu mu fupa kapena msuzi wa nyama, kenaka yikani beets ndi mbatata.
Ndikofunikira! Mwezi woyamba ndi wofunika kwambiri kuti ukhale wolimba, wathanzi wathanzi. Ndi nthawi yomwe "maziko oyenera" aikidwa. Pakadutsa zaka zoposa 30, ma broilers amasamutsidwa ku mtundu waukulu wa chakudya.
Kuwonjezera mavitamini ku zakudya
Funso la momwe mungamerekere broilers kunyumba, molunjika zimadalira kupeza mavitamini onse oyenera. Nkhuku zikafika zaka zisanu, zimasiyana mavitamini, makamaka madzi sungunuka ("Vitvod", "Chiktonik", "Vitamix 1" ndi ena). Ngati ma broilers amasungidwa m'chipinda, amafunikira kuwonjezera vitamini D ku chakudya chawo (Tetrag, Vittri, Tetravit, Trivit, mafuta a nsomba).
Mankhwala onsewa angathe kugulidwa mosavuta pa mankhwala aliwonse owona za ziweto. Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kwa womwa madzi ndi madzi akumwa masiku 2-3 pa sabata. Mlingo wa microscopic umakulolani kuti "mutambasule" kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, kotero kuti ngakhale kachilombo kakang'ono kamene kadzadye mokwanira. Kuonjezera vitamini D kuti idye chakudya kumapewa maonekedwe a matenda osiyanasiyana a mbalamezi.
Ndikofunikira! Komanso, kangapo pa sabata, manganese amatha kuwonjezeredwa ku madzi akumwa monga prophylaxis kwa matumbo a m'mimba (madzi ayenera kukhala ndi khungu la chitumbuwa).
Kukonzekera kwa nkhuku coop kwa broilers
Kwa iwo omwe amalima broilers, makamaka alimi oyambirira, funso lokonzekera bwino la nkhuku nkhu ndi lovuta kwambiri. N'zotheka kumanga nkhuku ya nkhuku kumene amalonda angakulire pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosiyanasiyana.
Zida zoterezi monga njerwa, njerwa kapena mtengo (logi kapena bar) ndi oyenera kumanga nyumba mbalame. Kuphimba makoma kumapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mapepala kapena mapepala a zitsulo, komanso zipangizo zonse monga pulasitiki. Makoma ayenera kuyika mosamala kuti pasakhale mipata m'magulu. Kutalika kwa makoma ayenera kukhala mamita 2 kuti munthu amene alowe mu nkhuku nkhuku sayenera kugwada. Pamene mukukakamiza makoma, muyenera kutsegula msangamsanga chitseko cha zitseko, mawindo ndi mpweya wabwino.
Ma broilers okhala ndi zakudya ndi kudyetsa zipinda ndi mipanda yochepa chifukwa cha kusintha kwakukulu tsiku ndi tsiku kutentha kudzakhala kutentha masana ndi kuzizira usiku. Komanso, izi zimakhudza thanzi la mbalame ndipo zimachepetsa kuchepa kwa kulemera.
Makoma a maziko ayenera kukwera 30-40 masentimita pamwamba pa nthaka. Ichi chidzakhala chotchinga kwa makoswe ndi alendo ena osafuna. Kuwonjezera apo, mu nkhuku nkhuni ndi maziko amenewo nthawizonse adzakhala owuma ndi ofunda. Kenaka pansi pa nkhuku nkhuku imatsanulidwa ndi matope a simenti kapena kuikidwa ndi njerwa, kenaka phalapangidwa. Pakati pa nyumba ya nkhuku muyenera kukonzekera chipinda chaching'ono, komwe kusungirako ndi chakudya chidzasungidwa.
Kuchepetsa mtengo wa denga kungathe kukonzedwa. Choyamba muyenera kuyika mitengo kapena matabwa. Asanakhale pamalo, amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala apadera omwe amateteza kachilomboka kameneka (kachirombo ka Clipper). Mukhoza kugwiritsira ntchito mapepala, slate, kapena zinthu zina zomwe sizingapangidwe monga chinyezi. 
Popeza pali ammonia ambiri mu manyowa a nkhuku, nkofunika kukonzekera nkhuku nkhu. M'nyengo ya chilimwe, kuti apange chipinda, mawindo ndi zitseko ziyenera kutseguka. Pofuna kuteteza amphaka ndi agalu kuti asalowe m'ngalawa, mafelemu apadera opangidwa ndi mafinya ayenera kuikidwa pakhomo ndi mawindo.
Mukudziwa? Ndi kukula kwa paws, nkhuku za tsiku limodzi zimatha kusiyanitsa ndi nkhuku zina. Monga lamulo, kukula kwa phazi la broiler ndi 1.5 kuphatikizapo nkhuku zina.
Zimakhudza pamene mukukula nkhuku za nkhuku kunyumba
Kukula kwa broilers kumakhalanso ndi zinthu zingapo:
- Khola liyenera kukhala lopuma bwino. Kutuluka kwa mpweya watsopano komanso kuthekera kwa malamulo ake kudzapulumutsa nkhuku kuchokera ku matenda.
- Wokumwa sayenera kuikidwa pa zinyalala, chifukwa izi zingawononge madzi. Malita a chinyezi ndi malo abwino kwambiri kukula nkhungu, bowa ndi mabakiteriya. Ngati bedi liri lonyowa kapena lonyansa, liyenera kutengedwanso mwatsopano.
- Nthawi zonse zindikirani kuti nkhuku zimanyamula mazira okha, osati pansi. Mwa njira, kwa iwo amene akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito nkhuku za broiler popanga nyama ndi mazira ndi zodabwitsa ngati atanyamula mazira kapena ayi, muyenera kudziwa kuti amapereka mazira awiri okha pa sabata.
- Zakudyazi ziyenera kukhala zosiyanasiyana komanso moyenera. Pakhomo, chakudya cha broilers chiyenera kuperekedwa nthawi yomweyo.
- Kugwirizana ndi malamulo a ukhondo, monga kuchepa nthawi zonse ndi kuyeretsa nkhuku ndi zida, ndi chitsimikizo chokhala ndi thanzi labwino.
- Musanayambe kugona, nkofunika katemera nkhuku kuti muteteze ku matenda opatsirana.
Mukudziwa? Ndi zonenepa bwino, ma broilers amafika kupha kulemera kwa miyezi iwiri kapena itatu.Pokumbukira zofunikira zonse kulima broilers sizingatchedwe kovuta kwambiri. Adyetseni zonse zofunika, mugwiritse ntchito nthawi zonse kutsuka nkhuku nkhuku, ndipo mudzapeza zotsatira zabwino.
