Botanists amatcha chomera ichi chonyoza. Pakati pa anthu, dzina la Jasmine duwa limaphatikizidwa mwamphamvu ndi woimira Kamnelomkov (Gortenziev). Amayamikila mtengowo chifukwa cha fungo lake labwino komanso mawonekedwe ake okongoletsa. Zitsamba za Shrubbery zimapezeka m'malo opezeka mumzinda.
Kukongoletsa kwamaluwa
Pangani zikhalidwe zamtengo umodzi m'minda ndikugwiritsa ntchito ngati mahedwe.
Chidwi ndi jasmine
Palibe chizolowezi chakuthengo ku Russia - ndichomera chomera. Pokhapokha ngati muli ku Crimea komanso m'munsi mwa mapiri a Caucasus, mutha kupunthwa pamalo obisika a jasmine shrubbery.
Chomerachi chinabweretsedwa ku Russia ndi akazembe ochokera ku Germany m'zaka za zana la 17 ngati mphatso kwa Tsar Alexei Romanov, akuyika minda yatsopano. Tchire lidabwera ku Europe kuchokera kumayiko achiarabu nthawi zachikunja, pomwe chilengedwe chinali chofunikira kwambiri kwa anthu. Maluwa a Jasmine anachititsa chidwi ndi kununkhira kwamtambo komanso kununkhira bwino. Chifukwa cha izi, mtengowo udayamba kuonedwa ngati chizindikiro cha kusalakwa, chikondi chenicheni ndipo chimatchedwa "mtengo wa mkwatibwi."
Kubwera kwa chikhristu, wonyoza sanataye tanthauzo lake. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyi adakhala duwa la Namwali Mariya ndikufanizira ukazi, chisomo. Ku Asia, ubale wapadera ndi mbewu iyi. Amalumikizidwa ndi chifanizo cha amayi ake, kulemekezedwa ngati mtengo wopatulika, ndipo amatchedwa "fungulo la paradiso."
Chizindikiro cha kusalakwa
Jasmine Chubushnik adayitanidwa ku India, kulumikiza mbewuyi ndi nthano yokongola. Imakamba za chikondi cha mwana wamkazi wamkuluyo kwa Mulungu wa Dzuwa. Jasmine yemwe adathamangitsidwa adadzipha, izi zidakhudza mtima wa mulunguyo. Mulungu wa Dzuwa adamera chitsamba chokongola phulusa la mtsikana. Koma adamupatsa mwayi wokhoza kutsegula maluwa usiku wokha, kuti asakomane ndi mzimu wa mfumukazi.
Ku Europe, chomerachi chimadziwika bwino kuti Philadelphus (kuchokera ku dzina lachi Latin loti Philadélphus). Malinga ndi mtundu wina, chitsamba cha jasmine chidatchedwa dzina la Mfumu Ptolemy Philadelphus, katswiri wazachilengedwe wakhama. Lachiwiri - lakhazikika pa kumasulira kolondola kuchokera ku Chilatini - "abale." Philadelphus amakonda kugwirizanitsa mizu ndi mbewu zina.
Chubushnikom munda jasmine adatchedwa ku Russia. Zomangira zopanda pake za chomeracho, zomasulidwa pachitsulo chofewa, zinagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapaipi osuta (amatchedwa chubuki). Zimapangidwa kuchokera ku nthambi za chitoliro ndi chitoliro.
Kodi wonyoza amawoneka bwanji?
Mitundu yochepa chabe yomwe imalimidwa m'minda, ndi zosiyana m'njira zingapo. Palinso zofanana zomwe zimathandizira kudziwa momwe jasmine amawonekera:
- Ichi ndi chomera chomwe chili ndi mitengo yaying'ono yonyowa;
- Ili ndi masamba osiyana;
- maluwa a jasmine shrub a mawonekedwe amtundu wanthawi zonse, owoneka bwino.
Pakati wamaluwa pali mikangano pamutu, jasmine shrub kapena mtengo. Poona kuchuluka kwa mitengo ikuluikulu, mbewuyo imatha kutchedwa bushy. Koma nkhuni ndi wandiweyani, kunyoza-kutalika kumafika kutalika kwa mamita 3-4. Chifukwa chake, ambiri amakhulupirira kuti jasmine ndi mtengo.
Mwa mitundu ya chubushnik yomwe ili ku Russia, mitundu itatu ndi yodziwika, yomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe amitundu iliyonse.
Mitundu yayikulu ya jasmine
| Dzinalo | Kufotokozera |
|---|---|
| Wovekedwa | Mtengowo umafika kutalika kwa 3 m, koma pali mitundu yaying'ono yamundawo. Amapereka inflorescence wokhala ngati burashi. Maluwa oyera otuwa amafika mainchesi 3.5. Palinso jasmine wa terry wokhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu. |
| Zachikulu zazikulu | Chubushnik amakula mpaka mamita 4. Mtundu oyera ngati chipale chofewa mumtunda wamagulu owoneka bwino |
| Lemoine | Pali mitundu yocheperako komanso yayitali (mpaka 3 mm kutalika). Pistillate inflorescence amatengedwa kuchokera ku maluwa oyera oyera oyera, opindika kwambiri kuposa mainchesi 4. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokhala ndi inflorescence mu mawonekedwe a ma sultans otayirira theka la mita kutalika |
Chubushnik coronet
Tcherani khutu! Jasmine ndi mbewu yolimba yozizira, motero imalimidwa mwachangu kumadera akumpoto. Koma Chubushnik, wokula kumwera, amapereka mtundu wokongola kwambiri.
Momwe limamasulira
Jasmine shrub wamtali, ngati mtengo. Kuphatikiza pa maluwa oyera kapena a kirimu, imapitanso maluwa golide. Kufota kumachitika mu Meyi, kuyambira mu June mundawo umadzazidwa ndi fungo labwino lonunkhira.
Ena amadabwa momwe jasmine limamasulira ndipo liti, ngati masana masamba ake atsekedwa. Chubushnik inflorescences imadzuka ndi nthawi yamdima (pomwe Mulungu wa Dzuwa adzapuma). Fungo lokhazikika la jasmine ndilolimba kwambiri kotero kuti zolemba zake zimatha kupindika m'mundamo mpaka masana.
Zonunkhira zamitundu mitundu zimatha kukhala zosiyanasiyana. Maluwa ambiri amakhala mpaka kumapeto kwa Ogasiti. Ndi Coronet chubushnik yekha amene amawonetsa miyala patatha masiku 20, ndikutha kupereka utoto wambiri nthawi imeneyi.
Fungo lofunikira la jasmine limagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu mu zonunkhira kuti apange zonunkhira, ma colognes, ma deodorants. Mitengo yamaluwa okongoletsera okhala ndi ma petals onyoza ndiyotchuka padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha katundu wawo wokongola.
Mitundu ndi mitundu yomwe imamera ku Russia
Jasmine atangotuluka ku Russia, nthawi yomweyo idakhala chomera chamaluwa chomwe ankakonda kwambiri. Kugwira nawo ntchito yolima zachikhalidwe, oswetsa nyumba ndi akunja. Mitundu yambiri, ngakhale kusiyana kwakunja, imasinthidwa ndi nyengo yaku Russia.
Kusankhidwa kwa Victor Lemoine
Mkati mwa zaka za m'ma 1800, katswiriyu wamadzina adadzipangira dzina potchuka ndi zachilengedwe zachilengedwe. Banja la Lemoine adapanga mitundu yambiri yazikhalidwe chokongoletsera. M'modzi mwa omaliza anali otonza, osiyanitsidwa ndi fungo lawo lachilendo.
Mitundu yotchuka ya jasmine Lemoine
| Dzinalo | Mawonekedwe | Maluwa |
|---|---|---|
| Mont Blanc | Tchire silitha kufikira mita. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono (mpaka 3 cm) ofiira owirikiza kawiri omwe amatengedwa mu ma pc a 3-5. mu zokongola inflorescences. Ma petals omwe ali mkati mwa duwa adakulungidwa mkati. Kunja kwakukulu, kumbuyo moyenda, pangani mzere wowonda popanda mipata. | Limamasamba pakati pa Juni ndipo limanunkhiza miyezi 1-1.5. |
| Wonenepa | Tchire limodzi ndi theka limasiyanitsidwa ndi timitengo tokhotakhota tokhala ndi masamba owundana. Gustomakhrovye wamkulu (4.5 cm mulifupi) maluwa a 5-7 ma PC. Amasonkhanitsidwa m'magulu akuda a inflorescence mpaka kutalika kwa 6 cm. Omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi ma sultans akuluakulu (0.5-0.7 m aliyense). | Zimapatsa utoto kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June komanso kwa nthawi yayitali amasangalala ndi fungo labwino la anthu ozungulira. |
| Ermine Mantle | Chitsamba chaching'ono (0.8-1 m), chachitali chokhala ndi masamba ambiri opindika chimakhala ndi masamba owonda, abwino komanso nthambi zopyapyala. Ma inflorescence amapangidwa mochuluka kumbali yakuwombera. Amakhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono (2.5-3 masentimita) oyera, ophatikizidwa m'magulu a ma PC atatu. | Zimaposa mitundu ina yonse mu nthawi ya maluwa. Kuyambika kununkhira koyambira theka la Juni, imataya utoto mu Ogasiti okha. |
Jasmine Blizzard
Pazosankha za Vekhov palinso mitundu yambiri yokongola yomwe ingakhale chokongoletsa chenicheni cha tsamba lililonse.
Ikani pambuyo pogula potseguka
Powona kamodzi tchire chokongoletsera, wamaluwa amaganiza momwe angabzalire jasmine, kotero kuti imasinthira malo atsopano. Palibe zidule zapadera pakuzula, koma ndikofunikira kulabadira mfundo zina.
Chubushnik monyadira posankha tsamba. Itha kumera bwino pamtunda uliwonse, ngakhale utatha zinthu zofunikira. Chokhacho chomwe chikufunika ndichakuti nthaka siyenera kukhala ya saline.
Mbeu zimagulidwa bwino ku nazale momwe jasmine imalamo m'mbale. Zomera zoterezi zimatha kusamutsidwa nthawi iliyonse.
Zofunika! Kwa tchire lokhala ndi mizu yotseguka, nthawi yabwino kwambiri yoika ndi yophukira kapena koyambirira kwamasika. Zomera zomwe zimaphuka masamba sizimakhala mizu.
Kusankha malo abwino kwambiri
Ngati jasmine alibe chidandaulo pankhani yakusankhidwa kwa dothi, ndiye kuti pali zofunika pamalo okhazikika pachomera.
- kunyoza kumatha kukhalapo pamthunzi, koma kumaphuka pang'ono padzuwa;
- mbewuyo ndi yophatikiza, koma kuchuluka kwa chinyezi cha nthaka kuyenera kukhala kwapakatikati; ngati ili yokwera, wosanjikiza muyenera;
- Jasmine sakonda kusungulumwa, ndibwino kuti ubzale pafupi ndi tchire lina.
Tcherani khutu! Osayika nthabwala m'malo otsika pomwe chinyontho chimadziunjikira. Kusankha mapiri a dzuwa, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti palibe zolemba.
Pang'onopang'ono ikamatera
Kubzala mmera ndichinthu chodziwika bwino kwa anthu okhala chilimwe. Mu roasm jasmine, pali zina zomwe ndizofunikira mu kubzala algorithm:
- m'malo okonzedwayo amakumba dzenje 2 mobwerezabwereza ndi dothi;
- pansi panagona ngalande yotalika masentimita 15 kuchokera pamwala kapena mchenga wophwanyika;
- kenako nthaka yothira pansi imathiridwa, ndikusiya malo aulere ofanana ndi kutalika kwa chidebe kuchokera pamwamba pa dzenjelo;
Chubushnik ikamatera
- mmera umachotsedwa mosamala muchidebe ndikuyika pakatikati pa dzenje, ndikuyika mizu;
- awaze ndi nthaka, kuyesera kuti tsinde lonse kunja (apo ayi pali ngozi ya kuwonongeka).
Pukuta dothi ndikupanga bwalo lothirira, momwe mumadzere ndowa ziwiri zamadzi. Mulch imayikidwa pamwamba kuti nthaka ikhale yonyowa nthawi yayitali.
Ngati mukufuna kupanga hedge la jasmine, sungani mtunda pakati pa tchire la 0.5-0.8 m.Mumagulu wamagulu, nthawi imeneyi imatha kuwonjezeka ndi mita imodzi ndi theka.
Mukangobzala, mutha kuyamba kupanga korona, kuchotsa nthambi zofooka ndikufupikitsa mitengo ikuluikulu pang'ono. Izi zimalimbikitsa mapangidwe owonjezera a impso.
Kufalitsa kwa Jasmine
Chubushnik ikhoza kuwerengedwa m'njira zonse zomwe zikupezeka. Wina amapita njira yachikhalidwe komanso yotsika mtengo kwambiri - amagawa tchire kapena kumata. Ena ali ndi chidwi ndi momwe angafalitsire nthangala za jasmine kapena kudula nthambi.
Kudula
Njira zoberekera sizimachitidwa ndi anthu onse okhala chilimwe, poganiza kuti ndizovutirapo. Zomera zobzala zimakololedwa pakati pa Juni, pomwe mbewuyo imakonda kwambiri chitukuko. Tengani mphukira zopanda ligned ndikudula kudula 5 cm, ndikuyesera kukhala ndi masamba 2-3 iliyonse.
Jasmine Kudula
Tcherani khutu! Ndikofunikira kudula bwino mukadula. Chingwe chowongoka chapamwamba chimayikidwa pamwamba pa node, m'munsi chimapangidwa pakona yopendekera.
Kenako amachita mogwirizana ndi fanizoli:
- chidebe chomwe muluwo udzakulirakudzaza ndi mchenga wofanana ndi mchenga ndi peat;
- panthambi, tsamba lamasamba limadulidwa pakati;
- incated kwa maola angapo mu njira ya rootin kapena heteroauxin;
- zodulidwazo zimangokhala gawo lapansi ndipo zimakutidwa ndi mabotolo apulasitiki.
Madzi tsiku lililonse. Nthawi ndi nthawi mutsegule hotbed ndikuwaza zodulidwazo ndi mfuti yofukizira. Mukazika mizu, mizu yake imakhazikika, kenako imayenera kutsegulidwa.
M'nyengo yozizira, chidebe chimatha kusungidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena kukumba mu wowonjezera kutentha. Chapakatikati, timasinthidwa kukhala timipikisano yokulirapo ndikukula mbande kwa zaka ziwiri. Pokhapokha ndikusamutsira poyera.
Kulima mbewu
Ngati jasmine imafalikira ndi njere, maluwa amayenera kudikirira zaka 5-8 (zonse zimatengera mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso kukula). Zinthu zodzala usanakhazikitsidwe zimafesedwa kenako nkumazizira.
Chapakatikati, mphukira zikawonekera, kama wake umakhala wowonda. Njirayi imabwerezedwanso kangapo munyengo kufikira mtunda woyenera pakati pa tchire wafika. Nthambi zakutali zingabzalidwe mumbale ndi kusungidwa kunyumba.
Kusamalira a Jasmine M'munda
Ndiosavuta kusamala ndikuseka. Chachikulu ndikutsatira malamulo oyambira ukadaulo waulimi.
Jasmine Care
| Zochitika | Mawonekedwe |
|---|---|
| Njira yothirira | Zimathirira nthaka pafupipafupi, osapulumuka pomweuma. Ngati dzinja likatentha, popanda mvula, njirayi imachitika zaka khumi zilizonse |
| Mavalidwe apamwamba | Amapangidwa chaka chilichonse mu nthawi yophukira, ndikuyambitsa kuwoneka pansi pa tchire (chidebe cha 1 chomera). Kuyambira chaka chachitatu cha moyo, madzi amamineral ovuta omwe amaika patsogolo ma superphosphates amawonjezeredwa |
| Woponya | Kuwala kuyenera kumachotsedwanso ndi makulidwe. Chifukwa chake, nthambi zokhala ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu zimachotsedwa kwathunthu |
Njira zina zaulimi ndizofanana ndi zitsamba. Amachitidwa ngati pakufunika.
Pa maluwa
Maluwa akayamba kununkhira, jasmine amafunika kuthirira. Chifukwa chosowa chinyontho, tchire limaphukira kale kuposa masiku onse. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yotentha, malita 20-30 amadzi amawonjezeredwa tsiku lililonse pansi pa chomera chilichonse.
Panthawi yopuma
Akangotaya nthabwala, amayamba kukonzekera mtendere. Pakadali pano, chomera chimagwidwa ndi manyowa pogwiritsa ntchito superphosphate (20 g) yosakanizika ndi phulusa la nkhuni (100 g) pa mita imodzi. Ma inflorescence osokonekera amachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo. Kutsirira ndi kulekeka ndikuchotsedwa kwathunthu ndi Okutobala.
Kukonzekera yozizira
Tchire ta akulu amapirira kuzizira. Mbande zazing'ono sizitha kupulumuka nyengo yozizira popanda pogona. Kuti chovala chivundikiricho chisaphulike kuchitsamba ndi mphepo, chimamangidwa ndi twine. Thunthu la mtengowo limakumbidwa ndipo udzu umachotsedwa. Wotetemera wosanjikiza wa mulch umayikidwa pamwamba.
Zosankha Zogona
Ndikabzala komanso kusamalira bwino, chitsamba cha jasmine chidzakondweretsa eni malowa kwa zaka zambiri. Zomera zokongola sizimakongoletsa kanyumba kokha, komanso ndi fungo labwino.
