Kusankha mtundu wina wa apulo kuti ukhale m'munda wanga, Ndikufuna kukhala ndi maonekedwe abwino, zipatso zokoma ndipo, mosasamala za nyengo, nthawi zonse zimabweretsa zokolola. Mtengo wa apulo "Kukongola kwa Bashkir" wadziwonetsera mwa makhalidwe onsewa - mudzapeza kufotokoza kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi zithunzi, komanso momwe zimakhalira ndi kubzala m'nkhaniyi.
Mbiri ya zosiyanasiyana
"Kukongola kwa Bashkir" - kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yozizira kwambiri, yomwe inalengedwa ndi obereketsa, dzina lake loyambirira silidziwika. Yoyamba inafotokozedwa mu 1928 ndipo inalembedwa ngati chomera cholimidwa ndi wogwira ntchito pa siteshoni yowunikira pomero Strelayev, ndipo kuchokera kwa iye adalandira dzina lakuti "Kukongola kwa Bashkir".
Mu 1886 ku Russia kwa nthawi yoyamba kunayendetsa mafakitale a "Bashkir Beauty". Kufika koyamba kunapangidwa pa gawo la Bashkir Scientific Research Institute ya CX, ndipo m'mbuyomo mayikowa anali kuyendetsedwa ndi wamalonda Gribushin. M'nthaŵi yathu ino, "Kukongola kwa Bashkir" wapindula kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa ndi amalonda komanso osakula ku Bashkortostan, komanso m'madera onse a Russia.
Zamoyo
Mtengo ndi wofunika kwambiri chifukwa cha maonekedwe ake, zipatso zake, ndi kukhazikika kwake. Zimakondweretsa ndi zipatso zake zokongola komanso zipatso zokongola.
Onaninso mitundu ina ya mitengo ya apulo: Melba, Uslada, Candy, Northern Sinap, Sun, Currency, Berkutov, Sinap Orlovsky, Mechta, Zhigulevskoe.
Kulongosola kwa mtengo
Mtengo limatanthawuza kwa sing'anga champhamvu. Crohn ali ndi mawonekedwe aunyamata ali wamng'ono, ndipo atalowa mu fruiting amakhala piramidial, kuthamanga pang'ono, masamba a sing'anga thickening. Nthambizo zimamangidwanso ndi thunthu, zimachoka pamtunda wa 90 °. Pa nthambi zazikulu ndi pamtengo, makungwawo ndi osalala, bulauni-wobiriwira. Mphukira ndi yozungulira, kukula kwake, kukula, kofiira-bulauni mtundu, shaggy.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana pakati pa mitengo yambiri yobzala imadziwika ndi mfundo yakuti nsonga za mphukira ziri zoyera ndipo zimatchulidwa pubescencekuposa mtengo womwe umakopa chidwi.
Masambawa ndi aakulu, oboola ngati obiriwira, obiriwira, okwera ndi nsonga yaifupi. Mphepete mwa masamba ali ndi serrate-ngati kutsekemera. Mbali ya kumtunda kwa tsamba mbale ndi yosalala, yowathyathya, yopindika, pang'ono makwinya, ndi kumbuyo kumakhala kwambiri.
Maluwa ambiri amapezeka mu theka lachiwiri la mwezi wa May. Maluwa aakulu oyera ndi pinki mtundu, anasonkhana mu sing'anga-kukula inflorescences, kutulutsa fungo lokoma.
Kufotokozera Zipatso
Zipatso zili ndi masentimita 100, koma ngati mumadyetsa nthawi zonse, mukhoza kupeza 140 g. Maapulo ali ndi mawonekedwe ambiri, amodzimodzi, amodzi. Khungu ndi losalala, lakuda, lakuda ndi kovuta. Maapulo okongola amakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira, ndipo pamapeto pake amawala pang'ono, ndipo amakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira ndi mikwingwirima yonyezimira.
Mbewu ndi yofiira kwambiri, yayikulu, yochulukira kwambiri. Chiwerengero cha kuchulukitsitsa, mtundu woyera, bwino kwambiri. Maapulo ndi owometsera kwambiri, okoma ndi owawasa, nthawi zina ndi chisangalalo chokoma. Zipatso zili ndi maonekedwe okongola ndipo ali ndi zolemba:
- shuga - 12.4%;
- ascorbic asidi - 11.3 mg pa 100 g;
- Zinthu zowuma - 16.3%;
- organic acid - 0.57%.
Kuwongolera
"Kukongola kwa Bashkir" amatanthauza mtundu wa samobzheplodnyhThe apulo mitundu monga Antonovka, Buzovyazovskoye, Titovka Mmera zabwino pollinators kwa iye.
Nthawi yogonana
Ngakhale zosiyana ndi zoyambirira-nyengo yozizira, ndi zabwino ndi zotentha nyengo, zipatso akhoza kuchotsedwa mwamsanga August. Ngati chilimwe chimakhala chozizira, ndiye maapulo atsuka mu September.
Ndikofunikira! Maapulo okongola amatuluka mumtengo, makamaka ngati mtengo ulibe chinyezi chokwanira.
Pereka
Fruiting imachitika patatha zaka 4-6 pambuyo pa kutuluka. Kuchokera ku mtengo umodzi Mukhonza kusonkhanitsa zipatso zokwana 80 kg, kusonyeza zokolola zambiri.
Transportability
Kukula kwa maapulo kumabwera sabata pambuyo pa zokolola. Zabwino kucha kucha popanga mulingo woyenera kwambiri akhoza kusungidwa kwa masiku 130. "Kukongola kwa Bashkir" kumakhudza makamaka kukula kwa anthu ogwira ntchito, chifukwa kumatha nthawi yaitali ndipo sikuwonongeka panthawi yopitako.
Zima hardiness
Mitengo imasinthira mofulumira ku nyengo yovuta, pamene imakhala yozizira kwambiri imabwezeretsedwa mwamsanga.
Matenda ndi Kutsutsana ndi Tizilombo
Zosiyanasiyana osakhazikika kuti kugonjetsedwa kwa matenda osiyanasiyana ndi tizilombo toononga, zomwe mwina, ndizo zokhazokha. Matenda wamba ndi mapazi akuda, ndipo pakati pa tizilombo timeneti timakhala timene timayambitsa matenda a njenjete.
Kulimbana ndi matenda a mtengo wa apulo ntchito: "Delan", "Antrakol", "Poliram", "Topsin", "Skor". Chotsani njenjete ndi tizirombo tina tizithandiza: "Pamalo", "Fastak", "Kemifos", "Detsis", "Calypso", "Karbofos".
Ntchito
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imatengedwa kuti ndiyonse, popeza chipatsocho chingagwiritsidwe ntchito mwatsopano, ndi zamzitini, zouma ndi njira zina zogwiritsiridwa ntchito.
Kubzala mbande za apulo
"Kukongola kwa Bashkir" - mtengo wa apulo si wovuta, njira zabwino zodyera ndi kusamalira zimangowonjezera ubwino wa mbewu.
Kuti mukhale ndi kukula kwakukulu ndi kuphuka kwabwino kwa mbewu, nkofunika kutsatira malamulo a kubzala mtengo wa apulo ndi kupeza malo abwino kwambiri. Nthawi yoti ikamatuluke ndi yofunikanso.
Nthawi yabwino
Kumadera akum'mwera ndi bwino kudzala apulo m'dzinja. Kubzala kudzachitika kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa Oktoba, chifukwa nthawi yachisanu ndi yozizira nyengo yopanga sapling "idzasuka" ndikuzika mizu bwino, ndipo mvula idzatha kupeza mphamvu zowonjezera bwino. Kumadera okhala ndi nyengo yovuta kwambiri, ndi bwino kudzala mu kasupe kuti mtengo ukhale wolimba ndi kukula bwino usanayambe nyengo yozizira.
Ndikofunikira! Kubzala "kukongola kwa Bashkir" kumapeto kwa nyengo, onetsetsani kuti poyamba nthawi zambiri mumakhala madzi okwanira kuti muthe kuyanika kwa mizu.
Kusankha malo
Ngakhale kalasi ndi ankaona kuti ndi odzichepetsakoma zimakhala zovuta kwambiri pazovuta. Ndibwino kuti musabzalitse mtengo wa apulo kumbali ya kumpoto kwa chiwembu, chifukwa ozizira kumpoto adzawombera panthawi ya maluwa ndi kuyamba kwa fruiting.
Mtengo wa Apple "Kukongola kwa Bashkir", malinga ndi alimi, amakula bwino ndipo amabala zipatso pamtunda wouma komanso malo omwe madzi akuyandikana nawo. Nthaka yopanda ndale ndi imvi loamy nkhalango nthaka, komanso nthaka yakuda, ndi yabwino.
Njira yolowera mofulumira
Kuwongolera kumapezeka, monga mitundu ina ya mitengo ya apulo - 4 ndi 4.
Kukula kwa dzenje lakubzala kumakonzedwa malingana ndi kukula kwa mizu ndi zaka za mmera, koma ayenera kukhala 0,6 mamita aakulu ndi 0.8 mamita awiri. Pansi pa dzenje muyenera kuyendetsa mtengo wolimba, umene ungakhale ngati chithandizo cha mtengo wachinyamata.
Sapling akusowa chakudya choyambirira: Sakanizani mpweya wabwino wa 60 g wa superphosphate, makilogalamu 20 a humus ndi 50 g wa potassium sulphate. Musanadzalemo, yang'anani mizu ndikuchotsa zidutswa zowononga kapena zowonongeka.
Khosi lazu liyenera kukhala masentimita asanu pamwamba pa nthaka. Dziko lapansi lozungulira thunthu liyenera kukhala lophatikizidwa, koma palibe vuto lililonse.
Mthunzi wa nthaka umapangidwa kuzungulira mmera kuti agwire madzi okwanira. Mutabzala, mtengo umathiriridwa mowolowa manja, ndipo nthaka imayendetsedwa ndi humus, khungwa kakang'ono ka mitengo ndi kuwonjezera phulusa.
Mbewuyo iyenera kukhazikitsidwa kwa cola, koma mulimonsemo kuti isayambe kutambasula, kuti musayambe kuvulaza ndi makulidwe ndi kukula kwa thunthu.
Zosamalidwa za nyengo za nyengo
Zipatso zabwino zimapangidwira kufunika kokhala ndi apulo. Kuwona njira yoyenera yodyetsera, kuthirira ndi mitundu ina yothandizira kumaonetsetsa kuti chitukuko cha mtengo chikuyenda bwino.
Kusamalira dothi
Mu gudumu lapafupi, m'pofunika kuti nthawi zonse mumasule nthaka ndikuyeretsa namsongole. Kutsegula nthaka pafupi ndi kamera kamene kakuyenera kuchitidwa mozama mopitirira 12 masentimita kuti asawononge mizu. Zaka ziwiri zoyambirira mutabzala, ndizofunikira kuti musamalire ndi kuchotsa zomera zomwe zili pafupi ndi mtengo musanamwe kuthirira.
Kompositi kapena humus mulching imathandiza zomera zazing'ono monga feteleza wabwino, ndipo zingagwiritsidwe ntchito popewera kufunikira kumasula ndi kupalira. Komanso, kugulira mulching kumathandiza kuteteza chinyezi komanso kumapangitsa kuti aeration akhale bwino.
Kudenga ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yowonjezeretsera zokolola za mbewu zowonongeka chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nthaka. Makamaka pa nthawi yoyamba mutabzala "Kukongola kwa Bashkir" ndi bwino kumvetsera mozama kuthirira, ayenera kukhala ochuluka komanso kawirikawiri ndi kusintha kwa nyengo.
Mukudziwa? Ku Celtic, mawu akuti "paradaiso" amawoneka ngati Avalon - kutanthauza "dziko la maapulo."
Feteleza
Kuyambira kudyetsa nthawi yobwera kwatha m'chaka chachiwiri. Mitundu yachinyamata yopanda zipatso kupanga katatu pa nyengo yokula:
- Spring imapangidwa ndi yankho la urea - 10 malita a madzi supuni 2 ya urea; izo zimabweretsedwa pansi pazu.
- Chilimwe chimapangidwira kukula kwa mphukira ndi kuonjezera zobiriwira, pano ndizovuta feteleza - sodium humate, "Ideal".
- Zomera za feteleza feteleza zimathandiza kukonzekera nyengo yozizira - amapanga feteleza phosphate feteleza.
Ndikofunikira! Manyowa a nayitrojeni sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popereka chakudya, amaletsa kugwa kwa apulo.Pamene mtengo uyamba kupereka chipatso, muyenera kusunthira kudyetsa nthawi yambiri. Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza foliar m'nyengo ya chilimwe, mwamsanga amamwa. Kuthira apulo ndi bwino pambuyo pa kuthirira kolemera.
Kupewa matenda ndi tizirombo
Njira yabwino yopewera matenda ndi tizilombo toononga ndizofunikira - chikhalidwe chokonzekera bwino sichingawathandize kwambiri kusiyana ndi wofooka. Gwiritsani ntchito feteleza zonse m'nthaŵi, komanso posakhalitsa kuchotsani mphukira yakale komanso yokhudzidwa.
Ubwino wa mmerawu umathandizira kwambiri, choncho ndi bwino kugula mtengo kuchokera kwa ogulitsa odalirika komanso m'masitolo apadera. Mbewu iyenera kusinthidwa kumalo anu okhala.
Polimbana ndi tizirombo ndi kupewa, ndi bwino kukumbukira za mbalame, ndizoziteteza bwino tizilombo. Mukawona kuti mtengo uli kale wodwalayo, ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.
Kudulira
Poyamba kudulira, nthambi 2-3 zatsalira pa shtamba, zomwe zimayikidwa mosiyana, koma osati mkati. Mlangizi wapakati ayenera kukhala 1 / 3l motalikira kuposa ena, ndipo mfundoyi imalemekezedwa ndi kudulira zonse.
Kukonzekera kwachitidwa motere:
- kupewa;
- kubwezeretsa mtengo ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mapangidwe a zipatso;
- kuchepetsa kwa thickening, zomwe zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda.
Mukudziwa? Mbewu za apulo imodzi ndi mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa ayodini, chomwe chili chofunikira kuti chithokomiro chikhale chokwanira.
Kukonzekera nyengo yozizira
Pambuyo kukolola (August - September), madzi okwanira otsirizira amachitika kotero kuti minofu ya mitengo ya apulo imadzaza ndi chinyontho ndipo sichikusowapo kanthu. Musanayambe kudya kudula tsinde muyenera kumasulidwa ku mulch.
Kuteteza motsutsana ndi makoswe, thunthu likulumikizidwa ndi ruberoid, tar kapena zida zina zomwe zilipo. Kukolola kumachitika ndi kuyamba kwa nyengo yozizira (kumapeto kwa autumn), ngati mwamsanga kwambiri, mukhoza kutalikitsa nyengo yokula, yomwe ndi yoopsa kwa nyengo yozizira.
Pambuyo pa tsamba limakhala lotheka kuti lipange mankhwala ndi vitriol kapena urea pofuna kuteteza matenda ndi tizirombo. Masamba ogwa ayenera kuwonongedwa. Mapiri a phesi amapezeka kuti aziteteza mizu, makamaka zomera zazing'ono.
"Kukongola kwa Bashkir" sichiwopa choipa ndi chisanu cholimba, amafunikira chitetezo chapadera kokha zaka zoyambirira mutabzala. Ndi malo abwino ndi chisamaliro, zidzakula bwino, ndipo kale mu chaka chachinai mudzatha kusangalala ndi zokolola zoyamba.
