Kodi ma violet Le amawoneka bwanji?

M'nyumba za senpolias zam'makomo modabwitsa ndi phale la mitundu ya maluwa awo. Ena capriciousness wa violets sasiya amateur wamaluwa ndi akatswiri obereketsa. Chiwerengero cha anthu osirira chomera chokongola ichi chikuchulukirachulukira.

Mbiri ya mitundu yoyamba

Wofesa waku Vinnitsa Elena Lebetskaya adayamba kupanga mitundu yatsopano mu 2000. Mpaka pano, ma Lebetskaya (LE) violets ali ndi mitundu yopitilira 250. Amachita chidwi ndi mautoto osiyanasiyana. Misonkhanowu umaphatikizapo mitundu yokhala ndi petals kuchokera kosavuta mpaka terry, ndi wavy, fringed ndi macorated m'mphepete. Pakati pawo pali amtundu umodzi komanso kupezeka kwa mikwingwirima, mikwingwirima ndi mawanga, ozunguliridwa ndi malire ndikujambulidwa ndi utsi wamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Masamba amakopa chidwi ndi ma toni obiriwira abwino obiriwira omwe amasintha mosiyanasiyana. Ma Rosette amitundu yosiyanasiyana amakhala ndi zojambulajambula ndi zowoneka bwino pamapepala.

Gawo la mitundu yotulutsa saintpaulia

Kufotokozera kwamitundu

Uzambar violets amachokera ku mapiri kum'mawa kwa Tanzania, adayambitsa zonse zimbale m'nyumba. Atakhala ku Europe, adalandira dzina la Saintpaulia, dzina lake atatulukira duwa la Baron Walter Saint Paul. Ambiri molakwika akuti Saintpaulia imakhala mitengo ya nkhalango. Senpolia ndi wa banja la a Gesneriaceae. Ichi ndi udzu wotsika udzu wokhala ndi masamba omwe amatengedwa mu rosettes. Masamba ozungulira a fleecy amapezeka pa petioles lalifupi.

Maluwa omwe amapanga mabulashi ndi osiyana mawonekedwe:

• Zosavuta - ndi wamba wamba.
• Zowirikiza kawiri - ali ndi miyala yambiri yamkati pakati pa duwa, zomwe zimapangitsa duwa kukhala lopepuka.
• Terry - pamakhala magulu angapo.

Nthawi zambiri mu burashi pamakhala maluwa okwana 7, koma ma hybrids omwe amakhala ndi maluwa osachepera 100 amapangidwa. Chikhalidwe cha Saintpaulia violet (Uzambara) chafala - uwu ndi mtundu umodzi, mitundu yonse yomwe ilipo ndi mahybrids.

Mwa mitundu yamkati mwa mitundu, mitundu isanu imadziwika ndi mawonekedwe a maluwa:

• "Bowl" - ma petals ndi osiyana, duwa silitseguka kwathunthu ndikukhalanso mawonekedwe ake pakamasuwa.
• "Wasp" - amafanana ndi cyclamen, mafoni awiri apamwamba ndi afupi, ogwada kumbuyo, atatu otsika amawongoleredwa mbali zosiyanasiyana ndipo pafupifupi ophatikizidwa, zomwe sizachilendo kwa a Gesnerievs.
• "Bell" - maluwa omwe amakhala ngati mabelu okhala ndi mbali zakumanzere amitundu yamtambo wakuda ndi utoto wofiirira.
• "Pansies" - ma 4 akuluakulu apamwamba akukulidwa ndi 1 - pansi.
• "Star" - lilac yayikulu masamba mu mawonekedwe a nyenyezi wokhala ndi malire owala mphepete.

Mwa mitundu kuchokera pakusankhidwa kwa Elena Lebetskaya, maluwa osavuta amatha kusiyanitsidwa, ndi omwe amatha kukhala ndi mitundu ya mitundu, ndikufotokozedwa ndi m'mphepete mwamitundu kapena mndandanda wosiyanitsa malire. Iliyonse m'njira yake ndi yokongola komanso yofunika kuisamalira. Mitundu yokhala ndi utoto wama multicolor imakhala ndi mitundu iwiri kapena kupitilira apo, mitundu yofanizira imakhala yosiyana chifukwa pamakhala mikwingwirima kumbuyo kwakukulu, mikwingwirima yamaso yopepuka kapena yakuda kuposa yayikulu.

Kapangidwe ka mizu ndi chimodzimodzi kwa mitundu yonse. Masamba ndi masamba a masamba amatha kutalika. Kukula kwa malo ogulitsira kumasiyanitsa:

• Miniature - ndi awiri a 15 cm.
• Standard - kuchokera 20 mpaka 40 cm.
• Chachikulu - kupitilira 40 cm.

Kukula kwamaluwa

Potengera kukula kwa duwa, senpolia imagawika m'magulu:

• Zomera zazing'ono zazing'ono zazitali mpaka 2 cm.
• Maluwa apakatikati - kuchokera 2 mpaka 4 cm.
• Maluwa okhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu amakhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu kuyambira 4 mpaka 6 cm.
• Makamaka otulutsa lalikulu amaposa masentimita 6.

Chiwerengero cha maluwa

Mitundu yodziwika bwino imakhala ndi maluwa pafupifupi 7. Zosiyanasiyana Caramel sizimaswanira kuchuluka kwake, koma zimakopa ndi chobisika cha mtundu wa pinki. Ku Kristina (Kristina) kuchuluka kwawo kocheperako kumakhala kotsekedwa ndi kukongola kwa maluwa a terry. Posachedwa wobzala hybrids akudabwitsidwa ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha maluwa, chiwerengero chawo chimafika zana. Mitundu yoyera ya White Camellia imasiyanitsidwa ndi chipewa chamaluwa omwe amakhala ndi maluwa ambiri.

Kukoma mtima ndi kuyera kwa White Camellia

Utoto ndi chojambula cha maluwa

Kuphatikiza pa monochrome, palinso mitundu yayikulu:

• Kutalika - khalani ndi malire m'mphepete mwa miyala, mtundu wake womwe umasiyana ndi waukulu.
• Malingaliro - khalani ndi pamakhala, yokutidwa ndi mikwingwirima, ma splashes, mfundo za mithunzi yosiyanitsa.
• Amwaza - ndi malo osiyana pa petal.
• Chimera - kuchokera pakati mpaka m'mphepete mwa petal ndikusiyanitsa kunyezimira.

Kukopa kumachitika chifukwa cha mitundu yoyera ya White Camellia, yomwe imayang'ana maluwa oyera ngati chipale chofewa. Ubwino wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndikuti maluwa sataya mtundu wawo ndi mawonekedwe ake nthawi yonse ya maluwa. Violet Lotus agunda maluwa a pinki, amakhala ngati maluwa.

Pali mitundu yambiri yamitundu mitundu yamitundu mitundu, momwe kukongola kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kukhalapo kwa malire amitundu yosiyanitsa. Maluwa a Monochrome a mitundu ya LE Gracia amawoneka ngati belu loyera, LE Magnetto violet yokhala ndi lilac fringe. LE Igor violet wa mawonekedwe "pansies" okhala ndi miyala yayikulu yayikulu ya buluu yowoneka mozungulira yomwe ili ndi malire oyera wavy, imafanana ndi kusankhidwa kwa Chilimwe kwamadzulo Moreva. LE Noir violet amatanthauza mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Nyenyezi zake zosavuta kutalika komanso zowirikiza kawiri zimakondwera ndi mtundu wa violet-fuchsian komanso m'malire a mtundu oyera.

Kusunthika kwambiri kwa violet le Noir

Mtundu wachilendo wa mitundu yamitundu yambiri ya mitundu ya Lebetskaya ndi wodabwitsa. A Violet LE Zlata (Zlata) amamenya ndi oyera-achikasu kapena golide mu mawonekedwe a nyenyezi ya wavy wokhala ndi malire woonda, wamtundu wa buluu m'mphepete mwa petal. Rosette yosalala imakhala yobiriwira pang'ono ndi masamba oyera. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya LE Elegans imadziwika ndi "pansies" yoyera ndi miyala yavu, ndi malo owala a caramel-pinki pamunsi. Ma Chokoleti pamitundu iwiri ya Lena. Ma apotheosis a mitundu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Surprise yozizira sasiya aliyense wopanda chidwi: miyala yapamwamba ya utoto yapinki yopaka utoto imakhala yokhotakhota ndi mikwingwirima yamaso amtundu wofiirira.

Zida zam'mawa wozizira zimapaka pamitundu yamitundu yozizira Zambiri

Nthawi ya maluwa

Ndi chisamaliro chabwino, ma violets amaperekedwa ndi maluwa pafupifupi chaka chonse: mpaka 8-9 miyezi. Maluwa a senpolia sakukhudzana ndi nyengo, makamaka zimatengera zomwe kukula kwake kwapangidwa. Maluwa ochulukira kwambiri amawonedwa mu kasupe ndi chilimwe. Ndikosavuta kuneneratu nthawi yomwe chomeracho chidzaphuka. Ziwawa zomwe zimakula kuchokera ku tsamba zimatha kuphuka m'miyezi 8, zina zimafunikira chaka chathunthu, nthawi zina zimayembekezera chaka ndi theka. Pali mitundu (kuswana Sorano)ukufalikira chaka chonse:

• Emerald Pink wokhala ndi maluwa ambiri owala a coral pink shades, ozunguliridwa ndi malire amtundu wobiriwira.
• Anastasia, maluwa opepuka okhala ndi petals yamadzi amtambo wabuluu, okhala ndi mapiko amdima, okhala ndi mbali zomata.

Njira zolerera

Pofalitsa ma violets, njira zamasamba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Mbewu;
• Kudula.

Njira ya mbewu ndi yayitali komanso yolimba, nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito posankhidwa ndi akatswiri olima maluwa. Kunyumba, amagwiritsa ntchito zodula kuti apeze zatsopano. Pepala lomwe limatha kupanga mizu yolowera limadulidwa ndi mpeni wakuthwa, ndikubwezeretsanso 2,5 masentimita kuchokera pamalowo. Phimbani ndi kapu ya pulasitiki kapena thumba la pulasitiki kuti mupeze mpweya wobiriwira. Nthawi zambiri, pakatha milungu iwiri, mizu yoyamba imawonekera, ndipo zodulidwazo amazidulira pansi. Mphukira ikafika kutalika kwa 4-5 masentimita, nyanjayo imakhala mizu ndikuyamba kukula, tsamba la kholo limadulidwa. Pofalitsa mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, zodula mzere wachiwiri zimatengedwa, zazing'ono komanso zamphamvu, zimamera mosavuta. Poterepa, sankhani masamba obiriwira kwambiri omwe amapezeka.

Pali mitundu yomwe singafalitsidwe ndi masamba odulidwa, chifukwa sasunga makolo. Pankhaniyi, ma peduncles amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kusankha amphamvu kwambiri komanso athanzi. Kenako amapitiliza, ngati ndi zodulira wamba, kudikirira mawonekedwe a mizu. Mumitundu ina, njira zamkati zimapangidwa - stepons, zimachotsedwa ndikuzikika, ngati zodulidwa wamba.

Zosamalidwa

Kusamalira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu kumakhala ndi malamulo wamba. Zoyipa zilizonse pazosamalidwa ndi senpolia zimayambitsa kuwonongeka pakuwoneka komanso ngakhale kusowa kwa maluwa. Zotsatira zabwino pakupanga duwa zitha kuyembekezedwa pamene malamulo ena atsatidwa. Chomera chimayankha:

• Mulingo wa dothi;
• Kutentha kwapanja
• Kuwala;
• Kutsirira boma ndi mtundu;
• Ntchito yamadyetsedwe.

Maluwa

Pofuna kupewa kudula dothi, liyenera kumasulidwa pakati pa manyowa. Kutentha kwa 19-24 ° C kumawoneka bwino ngati duwa. Violet ndi chomera chojambulitsa, koma, monga ziweto zambiri, sichimalola dzuwa kuwongolera mwachindunji. Ndikwabwino kuyiyika motalikirana ndi 0,5 mamita kuchokera pazenera. Kutsirira sikuchitika zosaposa 2 pa sabata, kupatsidwa chinyezi. Poterepa, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti madzi sakukwera ndikukula. Kutsirira kungakhale ndi mphuno yayitali popanda wogawana kumakhala kosavuta. Mutha kuthira madzi mu poto, pakatha mphindi 20, madzi otsalawo amathiridwa. Panthawi yogwira ntchito, theka la mwezi duwa limadyetsedwa ndi yankho lochepa la michere ya mchere ya senpolia.

Pamsonkano wa E. Lebetskoy, malo akulu amakhala ndi mitundu yamagalimoto yomwe imawoneka yochititsa chidwi ngakhale yopanda maluwa, chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa mawanga, madontho a mithunzi ina pamasamba obiriwira. Awa ndi malo pamagulu a masamba pomwe mulibe chlorophyll, m'malo mwake pali mitundu ina ya utoto: carotene, xanthophyll ndi ena. Pali zina zobisika mukamakula. Kuti akhalebe ndi mitundu yosiyanitsa mitundu, amayesa kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chlorophyll ndikutulutsa mitundu ina kuti asinthe mtundu wa tsamba.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito feteleza, zomwe zimakhala ndi nayitrogeni sizimayikidwa pazifukwa zomwezi - zimathandizira kupanga chlorophyll. Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma violets imayankha bwino kuunikira kochita kupanga, kuti ikhoze kuyikidwa pazenera zamashelefu, momwe imazizira.

Njira zina zosamalirira sizosiyana ndi kusamalira mbewu zina.

Titaona zokongola za senpolis, aliyense amakhala wokondweretsedwa ndikuwala ndikufuna kukulitsa mawonekedwe okongola ndi mtundu wa maluwa okongola.