Maluwa tulips

A Turks adayamba kulima maluwa a tulip m'zaka za zana la 16. Pafupifupi m'zaka zana zotsatira, mbewu zikugwera ku Holland ndikuyamba ulendo wawo wopambana ku Europe. Ndizosavuta kulingalira madera omwe amatengera chikhalidwe ichi.

Zambiri

Buluzi wokhazikika wowonjezera wa banja la Liliaceae ndi wotchuka kwambiri m'mapangidwe, komanso ma daffodils ndi ma hyacinths. Mutha kupeza mbewu kuthengo.

Ngati alimi olimidwa ali ndi zaka 4 zokha, ndiye kuti makolo awo ali ndi zaka zopitilira miliyoni. Madera akumpoto aku Iran amadziwika kuti ndiwo duwa. Zomera za Geophyte zimamasuka pamtunda wamapiri a Tien Shan ndi Pamirs.

Chifukwa cha anthu, panali malo ambiri okhala ndi tulips ndi ena. Zomera zimatha kupezeka kumapiri, madambo komanso malo achipululu. Chipatso cham'madzi chotchedwa herbaceous chimasinthika bwino nyengo yotentha yakum'mwera, chimalekerera mopanda kutentha kuzizira kwa zigawo zakumpoto (Siberia, Urals).

Kodi tulips amawoneka bwanji?

Mitengo yamtchire ndi mitengo yotsala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono oyera ngati oyera kapena achikasu. Wopangidwira amatha kutalika mpaka 10 cm, ndikufikira mita imodzi. Duwa la tulip, kutengera mtundu wake, limatengera mawonekedwe ena:

• gobe;
• nyenyezi
• wopaka kakombo;
• terry;
• chozungulira;
• parrotated parrot;
• chikho.

Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe, mitunduyi imasiyanasiyana pakati pa masamba. Ma tulips achikhalidwe ndi apinki, koma mutha kupeza zoyera, zachikaso, lilac komanso zofiirira-zakuda.

Chomera chimadziwika ndi mawonekedwe apadera a tsinde losinthidwa. Ziwalo zonse zimapangidwa mu babu. Masamba ndi wokhala nawo amayenda. Corolla ndi perianth imakhala ndimagawo, kuchuluka kwake kuli angapo 6. Zofanana pamaluwa a stamens. Pestle ili ndi manyazi atatu.

Pamene tulips pachimake

Tulips ndi daffodils nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi bedi lamaluwa lapafupi ndipo ndimaluwa a nyengo yamasika. Malinga ndi nyengo ya maluwa, mbewu zimagawika m'magulu:

1. zonunkhira zoyambirira zimayambira mu Marichi ndikusangalatsa diso mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Meyi; yogawidwa m'magulu awiri: tulips wosavuta ndi terry;
2. maluwa akutenga kumapeto kwa Epulo ndi Meyi; awa akuphatikizira Mendelevs ndi Triumphs, komanso ma hybrids a Darwin;
3. maluwa akuchedwa amatha kusilira mu theka lachiwiri la Meyi; gululi lazikika kwambiri m'magulu: sanali awiri (Darwinov, Briderov, otulutsa maluwa ambiri), Liliaceae, Fringed, Greens, Rembrandt, Parrot, Terry.

Akatswiri amasiyanitsa gulu lina la tulips lomwe lili pafupi kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe a mbewu zamtchire. Amagawika m'magulu a hybrid ndi mitundu yomwe imafanana kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe oyambayo. Nthawi yawo yayitali ya kubzala ndi Epulo-Meyi.

Mukudziwa pamene tulips imaphuka, mutha kudzala mitundu yamagulu osiyanasiyana pabedi lamaluwa nthawi imodzi. Izi zikuthandizani kuti muzisangalala ndi zokongola kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachilimwe mpaka kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe.

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya tulips

Tulip ndi chikhalidwe chosiyana kwambiri mwakuti akatswiri alibe mgwirizano pa momwe angapangire mbewuzi. Kuphatikiza pa kugawanitsa ndi maluwa, mitundu ya tulip imakhala m'magulu malinga ndi mawonekedwe wamba. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi kapangidwe ka duwa.

Peony tulips

Masamba amtunduwu, ochokera kutali kwambiri amafanana ndi peonies. Mitundu yosiyanitsidwa siyokhala ndi mawonekedwe a duwa, komanso mtundu woyambirira:

• Royal Acres ili ndi miyala yofiirira ya terry inflorescence;
• Monte Carlo ali ndi maluwa achikasu;
• pa Khumilis Tet-a-tet, ma petals ofiira amalozedwa pamwamba;
• Kukongoletsa Kwachikasu lalanje kumawonekera ndi malire;
• miyala yoyera ya terry inflorescence "Cartouche" ndiowoneka bwino okhala ndi mikwaso ya pinki yowala;
• mu Angelica ya pinki ndi yoyera, mikwingwirima yobiriwira imatha kuwoneka pamiyala yakunja pansipa;
• mandimu akuya a San Lav amakhala ndi mitsempha yofiyira.

Ndikosavuta kusokoneza peony tulips Blue Blue ndi Dream Toch ndi maluwa akuthengo amodzi.

Terry Tulips

M'malo mwake, awa ndi maluwa omwe amawoneka ngati pion, osiyana ndi tulips zosavuta pokonzekera ma petals mumizere ingapo. Terry tulips amalembedwa m'magulu m'mapeto komanso mochedwa.

Zosiyanasiyana za tulips zokhala ndi ma inflorescence osiyanasiyana

Gulu	Mawonekedwe	Nthawi ya maluwa
Oyambirira
"Mr. van der Hoof"	Imafika kutalika kwa 0,2-0.4 m. Imapereka maluwa achikasu achikasu masentimita 10-12	Kumapeto kwa Epulo - kuyambira Meyi
Murillo	Choyambirira sichimafika pamtunda wa masentimita 40. Kumayambiriro kwa inflorescence amakhala oyera pamtundu, kumapeto kwa maluwa amapeza utoto wofiirira
Electra	Tsinde lotsika (kuchokera pa 20 mpaka 40 cm) lovekedwa korona ndi mtengo wofiirira, mulifupi mwake ndi 10 cm
Pambuyo pake
Ankle Tom	Malo amdima amtundu wakuda amtundu wa kirimu amapangidwa pa tsinde 0,3-0.4 m	Mapeto a Meyi - chiyambi cha Juni
Don Pedro	Chomera chotalika mita imodzi chimapereka chithunzi chapakatikati cha mtundu wa lalanje-lilac wokhala ndi malo oyera
Dilinburg	Duwa lokwera bwino - mpaka 70cs. Imawoneka ndi utoto wosakanizika munthonje za malalanje ndi rasipiberi.	Mapeto a may
Phiri la Tecom	Kutalika kwenikweni kwa mbewu ndi 0,4-0,5 m. Chidwi chake chimakopeka ndi masamba oyera a chipale chofewa.	Hafu yoyamba ya
"Symphony"	Imafika kutalika kwa mita yoposa theka. Amapereka kukula kwamkati (mpaka 9 masentimita) kuwala kwa rasipiberi wowala	Mid akhoza

Zokongoletsera zenizeni za kapangidwe ka malo zidzakhala mitundu ya mitundu yambiri ya "Mendulo ya Golide" yokhala ndi ma inflorescence a golide achikasu ndi "carx" ofiira wa carmine.

Botanical tulips

Ili ndi gulu lapadera lopangidwa ndi tulips zachilengedwe. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi zizolowezi za nyama zamtchire. Zomera sizinyalanyaza kulimidwa, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga zokongoletsera m'minda yamiyala ndi mapiri a Alpine.

Zolemba za morphological

Kuti timvetsetse momwe ma tulips amawonekera, ndikukwanira kukumbukira mbewu zomwe zimapezeka kuthengo. Amatha kutchedwa kuti ma dwarfs - mitundu yambiri imakhala yosakwana 20 cm.

Ngakhale kuti mitunduyi ndi "yoyipa" yoyambira, mitundu ya chilimwe imakonda kukulira masamba a botanical. Choyamba, chimakopa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, komanso masamba opindika a mitundu ina.

Zosiyanasiyana zamitundu mitundu

Mu chikhalidwe chakutchire cha Russia pali tulips waku Turkestan, Lipsky, Batalin, nkhalango, ziwiri-tolo, zolozera. M'madela amakono, amatha kukulira ma hybrids okhala ndi zikhalidwe zamtchire.

Mitundu ya Botanical Tulips

Mutu	Kufotokozera
Alberta	Wamng'onoyo amakhala ndi tsinde la pubescent ndi tsamba loterera. Maluwa amodzi, mtundu wofiira wofiirira wokhala ndi zakuda pansi
Greig	Mutha kudziwa ndi masamba ophatikizika. Maluwa ndi akulu, okhala ndi maziko ambiri komanso wowongoka pang'ono. Amakhala ndi utoto wosiyana ("Tango" lalanje-lofiirira, "Pandur" wophatikizika wamitundu iwiri wachikasu chopepuka ndi carmine ofiira)
Kaufman	Zomera zabwino za squat. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira amakhala okongoletsedwa ndi timawonekedwe. Masamba a perianth mkati ndi achikasu kapena oyera, nthawi zina okhala ndi malire ofiira. Maluwa okhala ndi nyenyezi amasiyana mitundu. Zomwe zidzakhale kutengera mitundu ("Brillan" wakuda bii, "Robert Schumann" wachikasu, "Eliot" woyera)
Zolimbikitsa	Mwa zina zazing'ono zomwe zimawoneka ngati "chimphona" - zimakula mpaka theka la mita. Tulip imakhala ndi tsinde lamphamvu la pubescent, yokhala ndi thambo lakuda kwambiri. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba ambiri, masamba apamwamba ndi mawonekedwe a belu. Maluwa amatha kujambulidwa ndi matani ofiira owopsa ("Cantata") kapena lalanje ("Juan"). Poterepa, pansi pa budayo ndi wachikasu kapena wofiirira
Eichler	Pa "mwana", tsinde la pubescent limabisalira kumbuyo masamba owonda, owongoka pang'ono. Mbale zake zimakonzedwa ndi malire ofiira avy. Maluwa ooneka ngati belu ali ndi maziko okwanira osagwirizana ndi pakati. Masamba ali ndi nthaka yakuda ndi malire achikasu pamwamba

Mmodzi amathanso kukumana ndi tulip yabwino kwambiri. Mumtundu, osati tsinde zokha, komanso masamba ndi olemekezeka kwambiri. Kuchokera pa 1 mpaka 3 (nthawi zina 5) maluwa ofanana bwino kuchokera pa lalanje-golide mpaka kapezi wakuda amapangidwa pachitsamba.

Tekinoloje yokulira

Ma aligorimu opita ndi pang'onopang'ono ogwiritsidwa ntchito kwa tulips okhala ndi zinthu zachilengedwe sizosiyana ndi zomwe zimapangidwira kukongoletsa mitundu. Kupita kwa ntchito kumaphatikiza ndi izi:

• chomera chikazimiririka ndipo tsinde likauma, mababu a tulip amafunika kukumbidwa ndikuwuma papepala lomwe laikidwa patebulo;
• mpaka kubzala, anyezi, kutsukidwa kuchokera mamba, osungidwa m'malo amdima, ozizira;
• Bzalani panthaka yophukira (pafupi ndi kuzizira), ndikusankha malo owala bwino ndi dothi lotayirira;
• kuti mbewu zisasokoneze chitukuko cha wina ndi mnzake, amasunga dongosolo lobzala:

1. mtunda pakati pa mabowo ndi masentimita 7-10 (mutha kuyeza ndi dzanja lanu);
2. babu la amayi limakulitsidwa ndi 15 cm;
3. mwana wamkulu - 10 cm;
4. yaying'ono - 4-5 cm;
5. ngati dothi limakhala ndi mchenga, masentimita ena akuya akuyenera kuwonjezeredwa pamagawo omwe akuwonetsedwa;

• pama dothi omwe achedwa, tikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa mbewuyo nthawi yomweyo (koma simungathe kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa).

Chifukwa chake, musadabwe kuti mudzakumba liti daffodils ndi tulips. Ngati zakale zimatha kukhala pansi zaka zingapo popanda malingaliro okongoletsa, ndiye kuti mababu omalizawo amachotsedwa padziko lapansi chilimwe chilichonse (mu June).

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Mitundu ya botanical imawonedwa ngati yolimba yomwe imakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira ku matenda. Koma nthawi zina mutha kuwona madontho ndi mikwingwirima pamasamba, zomwe zimawonetsa vuto mongaangalagation. Vekitala imatha kuyambitsa matenda - nsabwe za m'masamba.

Pali mavuto enanso omwe maluwa a gululi amawonekera:

• Masamba akatembenuka chikasu ndikuwuma, mutha kuimba mlandu chimbalangondo, kachilomboka, kapena tinthu ta anyezi;
• ngati gawo lonse litangoyamba mwadzidzidzi ndipo linakutidwa ndi utoto wokuyera, uwu ndi umboni wakugonjetsedwa ndi fusarium;
• nematode amadya muzu, ndikupangitsa kuti mabakiteriya aziola.

Ngati tizirombo titha kumayang'aniridwa ndi mankhwala apadera, ndiye kuti mbeu zomwe zili ndi bowa ziyenera kuchotsedwa pabedi la duwa limodzi ndi chotupa. Masamba owonongeka pang'ono amatha kudulira ndipo maluwa amathandizidwa ndi fungicides.

Dutch tulips

Ntchito yayikulu pakusankhidwa kwa mbewuyi ikuchitika ku Netherlands (sikuti pachilichonse maluwa amatengedwa kukhala chizindikiro cha dziko lino). M'malo mwake, tulips onse amatha kutchedwa kuti Dutch. Chifukwa cha Dutch Botanical Garden, adadziwika padziko lonse lapansi. Kuchokera apa, mitundu yoyamba idayamba kufalikira m'maiko onse.

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Zaka mazana angapo zapitazo, dziko la Scandinavia "linali kudwala" ndi tulip mania, ndipo mitengo ya mababu a chomera inali yokwera. Koma obereketsa "atangotulutsa" kulima maluwa okongola, chisangalalo chidachepa, ndipo tulips adachoka ku Holland, ndikuyamba ulendo wozungulira.

Mitundu yoyambirira yatsopano imapitilizidwa kuperekedwa kwa olima ndi akatswiri a kubereka aku Netherlands. Chifukwa cha zoyesayesa zawo, masamba amabwera mumtundu wachilendo.

Buluu

Ma tulips amtundu wamtchire amatha kutchedwa mwachikhalidwe, chifukwa mu chromosome chomera palibe pigment ya dolphinidin. Mitundu ina yofiirira kapena yofiirira yamtambo pansi pa kuwala kwake imakhala yoyera kapena yabuluu (mwachitsanzo, "Blue Performance" kapena "Blue Ribbon", "Blue Parrot").

Pumbwa

Mitundu yamtundu wamtunduwu imapezeka m'mabedi ambiri. Ma tulle okhala ndi mandala amakhala ndi toni wosiyana: kuchokera ku kuwala kofewa mpaka kumdima wakuda (pafupifupi wakuda). Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi Mfumukazi ya Usiku, Crystal Wosavuta, Waflower, ndi Black Hiro.

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Muli wokhala ndi maluwa ambiri

Nthawi zambiri, babu limaponya tulip imodzi. Koma pali maluwa amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zomera zotere zimawoneka zachilendo - pamakhala kumverera ngati kuti maluwa onse atakhazikika pansi.

Multicolor tulips samawonekera ngati gulu logawanika. Mitundu yoyamba inali m'gulu la maluwa omwe amatulutsa maluwa mochedwa ndi maluwa osavuta. Tsopano zokhala ndi mphonje ndi ma terryidi okhala ndi maluwa ambiri atuluka. Odziwika kwambiri pakati pawo ndi mitundu yolembedwa "Triumph".

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Choipa cha bush tulips ndikutha kwawo mwachangu. Ngati mu chaka choyamba babu amapatsa maluwa okhuthala, ndiye kuti m'zaka zingapo ngakhale masamba osakwatiwa sangathe kutulutsa bwino ngakhale ndi chisamaliro chabwino.

Yerusalemu tulip

Mwa mitundu ya tulips, dzina loti "Yerusalemu" silikupezeka konse. Ndizotheka kuti wamaluwa amateur amatcha mbewu kuti zimere kulikonse mu Israeli. Maluwa okongola otsika amakhala ndi masamba akuluakulu ofiira. Mutha kupezanso timitengo tofiirira komanso masamba angapo okhala ndi maluwa.

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Liliaceae adakhala chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino kwa anthu okhala chilimwe. Tsopano funso silimuka kuti ndalama za tulips zimawononga ndalama zingati. Ngakhale mababu a mitundu yatsopano ali ndi mtengo wotsika mtengo. Mutha kugwira maluwa aulere kwaulere ngakhale ndi mnansi. Chifukwa chake, tulips amakulira kulikonse kuti azikongoletsa mundawo kapena kudula m'maluwa.