Kukoma kwabwino kwa zipatso zazikulu - Oryol chilimwe peyala

Mbali yaikulu ya mbewu zonse zodziwika bwino zowonongeka zimagwera pa zomera ndi nyengo yakucha.

Chimodzi mwa izi ndi peyala Orel chilimwe - Kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana, zithunzi za zipatso ndi ndemanga zowonjezereka mu nkhaniyi.

Kawirikawiri, peyala iyi, mosamala kwambiri, imasiyanasiyana. zokolola zosangalatsa nthawi zonse.

Pa nthawi yomweyi mitunduyi ndi yotchuka khalidwe lapamwamba la malonda ndi kukoma kokoma.

Ndipo zonsezi zinakhazikitsidwa bwino pakati pa dziko la Russia, osati "okonda kuchereza alendo" kwa zomera zokonda kutentha.

Ndi mtundu wanji?

Pear Orel chilimwe ndiwotchedwa triploid zosiyanasiyana ndi kukula kwa chilimwe.

Triploidy imasonyeza kuti chikhalidwe ichi ndi chibadwa cha chomera chokhala ndi katatu ya chromosome.

Mtengo umenewu ndi wofunika kwambiri popanga mitengo ya zipatso, popeza chikhalidwe chokhala ndi maulendo angapo, monga chikhalidwe, chimadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zipatso, kukula kwa kukula kwa zipatso ndi kukaniza matenda a fungal.

Malinga ndi asayansi ambiri, njira zamakono zokolola za peyala ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri.

Oryol nyengo yotentha - malingana ndi malo omwe amakula - m'chiwiri kapena zaka khumi za July (kumudzi kwawo - ku Oryol dera - mitunduyi imapereka chiwopsezo kumapeto kwa July).

Monga nyengo ya chilimwe, peyala ili nthawi yochepa chabe. Kuchokera nthawi yomwe kuchotsedwa kwa chipatso kuchokera ku nthambi mpaka nthawi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba mwatsopano, pamene peyala sichimasintha maluso ake ndi zakusowa ndipo sizikuwonongeka, osapitirira masiku 7-10.

Kutsika kwabwino kwa zipatso za "Oery Summer" ndi akatswiri ambiri amafufuza kulephera kwake kofunikira. Komabe, kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe mitundu yambiri ya mapeyala imagawidwa lero Central Russia, peyala zosiyanasiyana Oryol chilimwe amaonedwa lalikulu kwambiri-fruitedzomwe zimapangitsa kuti azitchuka kwambiri ndi wamaluwa.

Palinso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapeyala monga: Severyanka, Duchess, Tonkovetka, Lel ndi Moscow Poyamba.

Mbiri yobereketsa ndi dera loswana

Chaka chobadwira chosiyanasiyana "Oery chilimwe" chinali chaka cha 1977, ndipo malo obadwirako ndiwo malo akale kwambiri omwe amachititsa masayansi achilengedwe, Bungwe lonse la Russian Research Research Fruit Crops Selection (VNIISPK), yomwe ilipo m'chigawo cha Oryol.

Gulu lonse la asayansi lotsogozedwa ndi mmodzi wa apainiya omwe anali nawo mu ulimi wa zipatso ndi mabulosi a mabulosi, omwe ndi dokotala wa sayansi yaulimi, adagwira ntchito popanga luso lodabwitsa. Yevgeny Sedov.

Pofuna kupeza mitundu yatsopano, yoyenera nyengo yovuta kwambiri pakati pa Russia, malinga ndi magawo angapo, ochita kafukufuku anadutsa mitundu iwiri ya peyala: "Bergamot Novik" ndi "Okondedwa Klapp".

Chotsatira chake, peyala inalengedwa, yomwe mzerewu umakhala ndi mitundu yambiri ya peyala ya ku Ulaya.

Posakhalitsa, "chilimwe cha Orel" chinalowetsedwa m'ndandanda wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kudera la Central Black Earth.

Poyamba, idali kufalikira makamaka m'minda yaing'ono yamtunda komanso m'mabwalo amodzi.

Posachedwapa, kutchuka kwake kukukula mofulumira pakati pa wamaluwa, alimi omwe aona ubwino wokula zipatsozi pa mafakitale.

M'madera awa, Gera, Pokumbukira za Yakovlev, Bere Russkaya, Lada ndi Rossoshanskaya Dessert, akuchita bwino.

Kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana Orlov chilimwe

Pear Orlovskaya nyengo ya chilimwe mitundu yodziwika ndi zotsatirazi ndi mawonekedwe ake, ndiye kufotokoza kwa maonekedwe akunja ndi zithunzi:

Mtengo

Monga lamulo, chomera ichi chili mkatipamwamba pamtunda wautali. Makungwa pa mtengo wake ndi ofewa mpaka kukhudza, ali ndi timiso ta imvi kapena imvi.

Korona, nthambi. Mtengo wamtali uli wokwanira korona wawukulu mu mawonekedwe a piramidi yowonongeka.

Pamwamba pamapangidwira nthambi yokhotakhota ya nthambi, zomwe sizipezeka kawirikawiri (pafupifupi thickening ya korona).

Maonekedwe aakulu (pafupifupi 45 °) kawirikawiri amapanga pakati pa nthambi zomwe zimatsogoleredwa kumapeto. Nthambizi zili ndi makungwa otupa.

Akuwombera. Mphuno yowongoka ya kusintha molunjika ili ndi gawo lozungulira. Pubescence pa mphukira palibe.

Mtundu wa mawonekedwewa ndi wofiirira kapena wofiira. Mbalame zazikulu, zosalala, zofiirira pa mphukira ziri pamalo oponderezedwa. Fruiting pear imapezeka pa kolchatkah - zonse zosavuta komanso zovuta.

Masamba. Kusiyana makamaka makamaka kukula kwakukulu ndi kuzungulira (oval) silhouette. Nsonga zapafupi zafupikitsidwa ndipo zinalongosola.

Mndandanda wa "Summer Orel" uli wofewa, wooneka bwino, wonyezimira wobiriwira kapena wobiriwira, komanso mitsempha yochepa (maonekedwe a mitsempha pa tsamba).

Chenjezo limalunjikitsidwa kwa concavity ya mbale. Mphepete mwa masamba ndi osalala, ndi ma clove ang'onoang'ono akuwonekera pamphepete. Masamba amasungidwa pa sing'anga woonda mapesi.

Inflorescences Maluwawo amatha kuphuka kuchokera ku masamba akuluakulu omwe ali ndi kachipangizo kakang'ono. Maluwa amapezeka, monga lamulo, lalikulu, ndi maluwa oyera a mawonekedwe ozungulira, osakanikirana pang'ono.

Zipatso

Kucha mapeyala a zosiyanasiyanawa mwachibadwa kukula kwakukulu.

Kulemera kwao kuli pafupifupi 210 g, koma zipatso za wamkulu kwambiri nthawi zonse zimalembedwa (odziwika bwino kulemera kwa mapeyala "chilimwe cha Orel" - 270 g).

Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe mitundu yolima yomwe ili pakatikati pa Russia, iyi ndi mapeyala akuluakulu.

Mapindu ena akunja a zipatso amawonjezeredwa ku zolemetsa zolemera - mawonekedwe awo a "classical" a mapeyala ndi amodzi.

Mtundu wa peyala m'kati mwa chotsuka chotheka ndi wobiriwira, ndi nthawi ya kukula msinkhu mthunzi wachikasu wobiriwira. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pambali ina ya chipatsocho, kawirikawiri mtundu wofiira wa malalanje umawoneka, womwe umapangidwa ndi madontho ambirimbiri ogwirizana.

Kuwonjezera pa mtundu wokongola, matte khungu limakhala losalala bwino, louma ndi mphamvu zokwanira. Pa khungu pali zigawo zing'onozing'ono zochepa. Thupi limakhala loyera kwambiri, timango tomwe timakhala tomwe timakhala tcheru timangowoneka pafupi ndi khungu.

Mnofu ndi wodabwitsa kwambiri, wokhala ndi tirigu wabwino komanso obiriwira, kusasinthasintha, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa juiciness. Mkati mwa zamkati muli zazikulu, mbewu zofiirira. Kukongola kwamakono kwa akatswiri akuyesa pa 4.6 mfundo (pamtunda wa 5-point).

Chithunzi

Zizindikiro

Ulemu "Orlovskaya chirimwe" sichimangokhala malo okongola kunja.

Chifukwa cha chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe zabwino chisanu kukana ndi mkulu zipatso (Inde, ndi momveka bwino komanso panthaŵi yake kukhazikitsa onse agrotechnical malamulo kukula kwa chomera).

Mwinamwake chosowa chachikulu chokha cha zosiyanasiyana za skoroplodnoy ndi kuti zipatso zake ziyenera kudyedwa panthawi yochepa kuchoka pamtengo.

Mavuto oyambirira a nyengo yozizira adakhazikitsidwa mothandizidwa ndi zotsatira za nyengo yozizira m'dera la Oryol.

Bzalidwa m'mitundu ina, mosiyana ndi Orlovschiny, nyengo zam'mlengalenga, mitengo "Oery chilimwe" m'nyengo yoyamba yozizira ikhoza kuchita mosiyana.

Mtengo amalephera kwambiri kutentha ndi nyengo yamphepoyomwe ndi yachikhalidwe cha nyengo kumpoto kwa Russia.

Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, mbali zachisanu za mtengo, malinga ndi zochitika, mwamsanga mubwezeretseni makhalidwe awo oyambirira.

Zokolola zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zimasonyezedwa mu nyengo yokolola zipatso nthawi pafupifupi 180-210. Zakudya zatsopano kuchokera ku hekita imodzi ya munda. Pamwamba pa kukoma ndi katundu wa zipatso zakupsa - zokoma ndi zonunkhira kwambiri.

Akatswiri amati chikhumbo chawo chokoma chili ngati zizindikiro zakunja - 4.6 mfundo pamlingo wofanana ndi zisanu.

Mitundu ya peyala yokwera kwambiri imaphatikizansopo: January, Chudesnitsa, Beauty Samara, Talgar Beauty ndi Tyoma.

Mankhwala opangidwa bwino, opangidwa ndi okalamba bwino ndi awa:

Zipatso za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya "Orel Summer" zimathandiza kwambiri pokonzekera mankhwala osiyanasiyana m'zipatala komanso mu "mankhwala".

Makamaka akuwonetseredwa bwino pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana a ma bronchitis ndi odwala matenda opuma.

Mapeyala awa khalani ndi cholinga chonse.

Izi zikutanthauza kuti zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza komanso ngati zipangizo zopangira ma compotes osiyanasiyana, jams, jams, marmalades, uchi ndi zakumwa zoledzera.

Kubzala ndi kusamalira

Pakulimidwa kwa mbeuyi, amasankha malo m'munda, omwe amawunikira ndi dzuwa, osasunthika bwino ndi mafunde, ndipo ali pamtunda wochepetsetsa (osapitirira 2 mamita).

Ngakhale kuti "Summer chilimwe" ambiri osati zovuta kwambiri pa nthaka yapamwambaKomabe, ndi bwino ngati dothi pamalo odzala ndi lachonde (lopindulitsa) ndi loweta.

Kwa mmera kukumba dzenje, kuya kwake kuli kofanana ndi mamita 1, ndi kupingasa kwa masentimita 70. Mu dzenje munatsanulira zidebe ziwiri za madzi ndikuzisiya kwa sabata ndi theka la sludge.

Nthawi yomweyo musanadzalemo, mwina humus, kapena ammonium nitrate (80 g), kapena potaziyamu sulphate (150 g), kapena phulusa la nkhuni (800 g) limayikidwa m'chitsime.

Kupanga sapling pakubzala kumayikidwa kuti mizu yake ikhale yotambasulidwa mu dzenje.

Mzuwu uli ndi nthaka, yotengedwa ndi kukumba dzenje lomwelo, kuphatikizapo feteleza ndi mchenga wa mtsinje.

Pambuyo mizu yadzazidwa ndi nthaka osakaniza, Msuzi wa mizu iyenera kusuntha 6-7 masentimita pamwamba pa nthaka.

Akuzungulira thunthu la mtengo wobzalidwa Masentimita 2-3 masentimita a dothi okhala ndi masentimita 40Pangani ndodo ya bwalo la thunthu. Iye pomwepo Thirani 2-3 zidebe za madzi olekana.

Pambuyo pake, mtengowu umathiriridwa nthawi zonse, kumasula nthaka kuzungulira thunthu ndi pansi pa korona, nthawi zonse manyowa nthaka, kudula nthambi zowuma komanso zowonjezereka, zimateteza ku tizirombo.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

"Chilimwe cha Orel" kwambiri ndi //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html ndi matenda enamonga dzimbiri kapena bakiteriya kuwotcha.

Ponena za chitetezo cha zomera kuchokera ku makoswe, zomwe zingawononge makungwa m'nyengo yozizira, chifukwa cha izi Thunthu ndi nthambi zazing'ono ziyenera kuzungulidwa ndi matope achitsulo kapena zida zazing'ono.

Ngati mlimiyo akuyang'ana njira yoyenera kubzala ndi kusamalira chomera, patapita kanthawi peyala idzayamika mwini wake ndi zipatso zokoma kwambiri.