Kawirikawiri greenhouses amagwiritsidwa ntchito polima ndiwo zamasamba kukula bowa kumtunda.
Kwa ambiri, kukwera bowa m'nkhalango kumaphatikizapo kukhala ndi nthawi yabwino, koma bowa pa chiwembu chanu amakupatsani ubwino wokhala nawo atsopano patebulo. bowa onunkhira mumayendedwe a chaka chonse.
Phindu lokula bowa mu wowonjezera kutentha
Kulima bowa mu wowonjezera kutentha kumachitika kawirikawiri nthawi yomwe ilibe masamba. Pazinthu izi, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yodzichepetsa, otsala pambuyo pa bowa humus amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga feteleza. Njirayi ndi ndalama, bowa musafunike zoterozo ndalamamonga masamba.
Zopindulitsa zina:
- kuthekera kwa kukula kwa kugulitsa;
- chitetezo cha chilengedwe;
- kupezeka kwa mbeu;
- palibe chosowa cha luso;
- mtengo wochepa wa ntchito.
Ndi bowa uti omwe angakulire?
Poyamba pa kutchuka ndi bowa wa oyster, ubwino wa kulima kwake ndikuphatikizapo zokolola zambiri komanso Kupititsa patsogolo kobwerezabwereza. Ochita mpikisano ndi bowa-koltsevik ndi bowa lachisanu.
Mphepete zimatengedwa kuti ndi zopanda nzeru, nthaka ya iwo imakonzedwa ndi ndondomeko yovuta kwambiri ya zamakono. Tsatanetsatane wambiri mmene kukula champignons mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndiuzeni pansipa.
Kumwa bowa woyera mu wowonjezera kutentha, mchere komanso mtundu watsopano wa bowa wa shiitake, komanso palibe chinthu chachikulu ndi njira yoyenera.
Zowonjezera kutentha
Kodi mungamange bwanji bowa mu wowonjezera kutentha? Mpweya wobiriwira wa bowa ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi masamba, bowa wa oyisitara ukhoza kukhala nthaka nthawi yomweyo ndi nkhaka, zinthu zili zofanana. Mphepete kawirikawiri amakula chifukwa cha kugulitsa kumene, chifukwa ndi kopindulitsa kwambiri.
N'zotheka kukula minda yamaluwa mu wowonjezera kutentha chaka chonse. Phindu pa chaka chonse chotentha ayenera kukhala okonzeka uvuni, magetsi ndi gasi Kutentha. Nkhumba zimakula bwino m'magalasi ndi mafilimu, pamene chimbudzi chachikulu chiyenera kukumana - kuyatsa pang'ono, nyumbayo iyenera kutetezedwa kulowera kwa dzuwa.
Momwe mungamangire ndi kulimbikitsa wowonjezera kutentha kuchokera ku polycarbonate, momwe mungapangire arched, wotsamira (khoma), kuchokera mafelemu a mawindo kapena kusankha chokonzekera chokonzekera, komanso momwe mungakonzere bwino nyumbayi pa siteti, mungathe kufotokoza pa webusaiti yathu.
Kwa bowa ndikofunika kukonzekera gawo limodzi - kuphimba kuwala ndi filimu yakuda kapena agrofibre, izo zidzalola kuti pakhale zinthu zabwino kwambiri zothandiza kuti chitukuko cha mycelium chitukuke.
Kusamala kwakukulu kuyenera kuperekedwa kwa mlingo wa chinyezi, chomwe chiyenera kukhala chokwanira - chifukwa cha izi ndi kofunika kuti nthawi zonse muzitha kupopera madzi gawo ndi makoma a wowonjezera kutentha. Small sawdust amatha kudziunjikira madzi ndi kubwezeretsanso, choncho, kuonjezera chinyezi pansi ayenera kukhala utuchi.
Kutha kwa madzi, kuikidwa pamtunda wa 1.5 mamita kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake, kumathandiza kutsimikizira msinkhu waukulu wa chinyezi; kusindikizidwa kwina kwa chinyezi.
Zizindikiro za kukula
Bowa wa Oyster
Kodi kukula oyisitara bowa mu wowonjezera kutentha? Oyster akhoza kukhala wamkulu m'njira ziwiri: pa nkhuni kapena m'thumba. Pachifukwa chachiwiri, muyenera kupita patsogolo konzani mapepala olimba ndipo mudzaze nawo ndi gawo lapansi. Pachifukwa ichi, zitsamba zabwino, utuchi wa utuchi kapena buckwheat zingagwiritsidwe ntchito, zimatha kutengedwa payekha komanso mosiyana.
Kuti mupange gawo Ndikufunika kuwonjezera mycelium, ziyikeni m'matumba ndi kumangiriza. Bowa wa oyster mycelium umakula mofulumira, nthawi zina umagawanika.
Mu phukusili nkofunikira kupanga mabowo 7-10, kuchokera komwe bowa idzakula mtsogolomu. Pa siteji yotsiriza, matumba ayenera malo mu limbo pa zingwe kapena zingwe.
Kukula mu bokosi lofewa wowonjezera kutentha kumatulu kumbali yachiwiri kumaphatikizapo kubzala kwa mycelium pa nkhuni, chifukwa cha ichi mudzafunikira mipiringidzo yamatabwa. Zipangizo zamatabwa zowonongeka zimayikidwa ndi mycelium, mbali zing'onozing'ono zomwe zimalowa mumtengo ndi kukonza mmenemo masiku angapo.
Pa sitepe yotsatira malo okula Nkofunika kuyika pepala lapale kapena pulasitiki, kuwawaza ndi mchenga, nthaka ndi utuchi, kuyika mipiringidzo pamwamba pa masentimita 30. Kuwaphimba ndi nthaka ndi zabwino zamatchi, kuwaza ndi manyowa, bedi lapamwamba agrofibre.
Video yothandiza pa kukula kwa oyster bowa:
Champignons
Kodi kukula bowa mu wowonjezera kutentha? Chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakukula bowa ndicho kulengedwa kwabwino. Mpweya wabwino kwambiri mpweya ndi 75-90%, kutentha kumasiyana pakati pa 0-25 madigiri.
Sayansi yamakono ya kukula m'mapiri mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi motere: mu gawo loyamba, udzu ndi manyowa ziyenera kuikidwa mu milu, kuwaza ndi ammonium nitrate, muyeso wa makilogalamu 4 pa 1 mita imodzi yamadzimadzi, madzi, achoke masiku anai. Panthawiyi, kompositi imawomba, kenako imayenera kukumbidwa ndi kukwapulidwa kuwonjezeka kwa osakaniza pamtunda wa 1 makilogalamu pa 1 mita imodzi, kenako gawolo lidakonzedwa.
Kufukula kachiwiri kumachitika patapita masiku anayi, pa mita imodzi ya cubic. Zosakaniza zimaphatikizapo makilogalamu 4 a superphosphate ndi alabaster 10 kg. Kukula kwachitatu kumachitika nthawi yomweyi, zinthu zomwezo ndizowonjezeredwa. Pambuyo pake, patatha masiku anai, zina zinayi zikumba popanda zowonjezera, gawolo liyenera kuwonongeka m'mabedi kwa masiku 24-25 dothi ph sayenera kuchoka pa 7.5.
Kusakaniza kumeneku kumapangidwira m'mabedi, matumba kapena mabokosi, kuya kwa kompositi ndi 20 masentimita, mutakula m'zikwama za pulasitiki -4 cm. Nthaka kutentha kumathandiza kwambiri pobzala mycelium, iyenera kusinthasintha pa madigiri 25-30 (pa kuya kwa 5 cm)
Ngati vutoli silisamalike, mycelium siingamere. Pa mabedi muyenera kupanga mabowo masentimita 25 ndi kuya kwa masentimita 8, zidutswa za masentimita atatu masentimita mycelium ayenera kuikidwa mwa iwo, kompositi ndi nyuzipepala zamvula ziyenera kuikidwa pamwamba.
Ndi chinyezi chowonjezereka, mycelium ikhoza kufalikira kuzungulira munda, Kuunikira kungakhale kochepa. Kuti asunge chinyezi cha 85-90%, pansiyo ayenera kuthiriridwa nthawi ndi nthawi.
Ntchentche zoyamba zimawoneka patatha masabata awiri, chinthu china ngati tsamba lobisika likuwoneka pamwamba. Pambuyo pa maonekedwe a fungo la bowa nyuzipepala ziyenera kusinthidwa ndi chisakanizo chapaderayopangidwa ndi peat ndi mandimu (zinyenyeswazi) mu kuchuluka kwa 3: 1. Kutalika kwa wosanjikiza ayenera kukhala 3-4 masentimita, mchere wosakanikirana wa nthaka akhoza kukhala m'malo mwa peat.
The mycelium ili ndi dziko lapansi, kutentha kumayenera kusungidwa pa madigiri 14-17. Pambuyo pa masabata 2-3 muyenera kuyembekezera zokolola zoyamba, mutatha masiku 8-10, mycelium imayamba kubala zipatso.
Zokolola ziyenera kukhala pang'onopang'ono pamene chivundikiro cha filimu chiri mu boma lotsekedwa. Apanso m'malo omwewo kulima bowa sikunakonzedweMbendera imagwiritsidwa ntchito monga feteleza.
Video yothandiza pa kulima bowa:
Kutsiliza
Ndi njira yoyenera, kukula kwa bowa mu wowonjezera kutentha chaka chonse kungatheke ndi aliyense, bowa ndi odzichepetsa ndipo samafuna chisamaliro chapadera, ndalama zimakhala pafupifupi zero. Njirayi imafuna kuti azitsatira njira zina zaulimi, kutentha ndi chinyezi ziyenera kusungidwa pa mulingo woyenera. Njira yoyenera ku bungwe ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka idzalola kuti pakhale chaka chonse bowa watsopano pa tebulo.
