Dicenter maluwa - Kubzala ndi kusamalira poyera

Dicenter, kapena "mtima wosweka" - chitsamba chowongolera chomwe chimasiyana ndi mitundu yoyambirira ya maluwa komanso fungo losangalatsa. Chikhalidwechi ndi cha banja la poppy. Kutengera mitundu, imatha kukhala pachaka kapena yosatha. Kuthengo, chomera chimapezeka ku North America, China ndi Far East. Mpaka posachedwa, ma dicenter sanakhalepo omwe anali nawo m'minda yamunthu, koma kutchuka kwake kukukula.

Makhalidwe a dicentres: mitundu ndi mitundu

Pakatikati pake ndi chitsamba chotchedwa herbaceous, kutalika kwake komwe kumafikira 0.3-1.0 m, kutengera mitundu. Pamwambapa gawo lake limamwalira nthawi yozizira, ndipo limakula ndikutuluka kwamasamba. Amadziwika ndi mphukira wokhazikika wamphesa kapena malo okhala.

Maluwa pamalo ojambulapo ali ndi mawonekedwe

Mizu ya dicenter imalowetsedwa pansi. Amakhala ndi njira zowonda zomwe zimawoneka ngati ma tubers a kanjedza powoneka. Amakhala ndi chinyezi komanso michere.

Zomwe zimayambira mchikhalidweyi ndiwopatsa minofu. Ali ndi malo osalala, ofiira. Masamba amakanuka pang'onopang'ono, pamamphukira amapezeka kutali ndi wina ndi mnzake, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amakhala akukhazikika pa rosette yoyambira. Mitundu ya mbale imatha kusiyanasiyana ndi maolivi mpaka wobiriwira wakuda. Maluwa ofiira amafika kutalika kwa 2 cm. Mtundu wawo ukhoza kukhala woyera, pinki kapena wachikasu.

Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana mitundu yotchuka ndi mawonekedwe awo:

• Dicentra zazikulu kapena zowoneka bwino (Dicentra spectabilis). Mtunduwu umadziwika ndi chitsamba chachikulu chofalikira ndipo ndi wamuyaya. Amapanga mphukira kufalikira mpaka mita 1. Amasiyana mu inflemose inflorescence kutalika kwa 15 cm.Pansi pa tchire, masamba obiriwira a masamba amapanga. Kutalika kwa maluwa pa dicentres zokongola ndi miyezi 2.5-3. Mtunduwu umatha kupirira kutentha pang'ono, koma umafuna malo ogona. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya ma dicentres okongola ndi awa: Valentine (maluwa ofiira akuda okhala ndi petals yoyera pansipa), Alba (wokhala ndi maluwa oyera), White Gold (wokhala ndi masamba achikuda ndi maluwa oyera oyera ".
• Dicentra wokongola (Dicentra formosa). Chikhalidwe chosatha ndi chitsamba kutalika kwa masentimita 30. Masamba ali ndi petioles zazitali ndipo amasonkhanitsidwa mu rosette yoyambira. Pamwambapa pambalezo ndi zobiriwira, ndipo m'munsi zimakhala ndi bisi. Maluwa ndi ofiira apinki, ophatikizidwa mu inflorescence. Chikhalidwe chamtunduwu chimadziwika ndi maluwa nthawi yayitali chilimwe. Mitundu yotchuka: Aurora (wokhala ndi maluwa oyera ndi ofiira), Adriana Blum (wokhala ndi masamba amaluwa ndi maluwa ofiira), Mitundu ya Lava (yokhala ndi maluwa oyera ndi ofiirira).
• Kukwera kwa Dicentra (Dicentra scandens). Ndi mpesa wokhala ndi mphukira mpaka mamita 2. Zomera zimatha kufalikira pansi kapena kuthandizira. Masamba a Petiole ternate amapezeka kutalika konse kwa nthambi. Ma inflorescence amapangidwa osati kumapeto kapena mawonekedwe a mphukira. Mitundu yambiri yokwera kwambiri ndi Golden Vine. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi maluwa achikasu owoneka bwino.
• Dicentra ndiyabwino kapena yapadera (Dicentra eximia). Chomera chotalika masentimita 25. Chimadziwika ndi masamba obiriwira amdima, omwe ali ofanana kwambiri ndi ferns. Kutalika kwa maluwa amtunduwu ndi miyezi iwiri. Zomera sizivutika ndi chilala. Mitundu wamba: Stuart Butman (wokhala ndi maluwa apinki).

Kubzala chomera

Mutha kubzala dicenter pamalopo ndi njere ndi mbande. Iliyonse ya njirazi ili ndi mawonekedwe ake. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuwaphunzira pasadakhale.

Kubzala mbewu

Njira imeneyi ndi yovuta. Koma kenako zimapatsa mwayi wopeza mbewu zambiri zazing'ono nthawi imodzi. Dicentres imasunganso kumera kwa zaka ziwiri mutakolola. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kupeza zinthu zabwino kwambiri zobzala zomwe zimatha kumera.

Kubzala mbewu kuyenera kuchitika mu Ogasiti-Seputembala kapena mu Okutobala-Marichi. Kuti muchite izi, ndikofunikira kukonzekera muli ndi mabowo ambiri okhala ndi mabowo ndikuwadzaza ndi dothi labwino lotetezedwa. Pambuyo pake, nyowetsani gawo lapansi ndikulimba nyemba ndi masentimita 0.5. Zitatha izi, zotengera ziyenera kuyikidwa m'malo otetezedwa ndi kutentha kwa 18-20 ℃ pamwamba pa ziro ndikuphimbidwa ndi galasi.

Mbewu zimamera pakatha masiku 30 mpaka 40

Mbewu zikaonekera, zotengera ziyenera kukonzedwanso pamawindo owala. Munthawi imeneyi, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti dothi siliphwa. Mbeu zikangokulira zimafunikira kusinthidwa kukhala kwina. Kuti muchite izi, ndikofunikira kuchotsa galasi tsiku loyamba kwa mphindi 30, ndipo ndikulimbitsa nthawi iliyonse ndi theka la ola. Pakatha sabata, pothalirako amatha kuchotseratu.

Kubzala mbande

Madimba a mbande zazing'ono amafunika kubzyala pamalo okhazikika kumapeto kwa nthaka, pomwe nthaka imayamba kutentha bwino. Izi zisanachitike, muyenera kukumba chiwembu kuya kuya kwa fosholo ndikuchotsa mizu yonse ya namsongole wosatha.

Algorithm ya zochita:

1. Kumbani mabowo 40 cm mwakuya kwa 50 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake.
2. Ikani dongo lokwanira masentimita 7 pansi pa recess.
3. Pamwamba ndi pepala losakanizika ndi kompositi.
4. Ikani mmera pakati.
5. Dzazani tulo ndi nthaka, kutsanulira.

Ngati pamakhala dothi lolemera pamalowo, ndiye kuti musanabzale mbande ndikofunikira kuwonjezera mchenga ndikuwonjezera crumb.

Kuthirira ndikumasulira nthaka

Ndiosavuta kusamalira wowongolera. Mbande ziyenera kuthiriridwa madzi pang'ono, kupewa kununkha ndi kuyanika kuzika mizu. Ndikofunikanso kumasula dothi m'munsi mwa mbande, kuti mpweya uzitha kulowa mosavuta.

Pakagwa chilala, kuthirira kumayenera kuchitika pafupipafupi pomwe pamwamba pamtanda padzala. Pansi pa chomera chilichonse, kuthira madzi okwanira malita 5-6. Ndipo kuti mizu ya mbeuyo isume, ndipo chinyezi sichisuluka msanga, ndikofunikira kuyika mizu ya mbewuyo ndi peat kapena humus. Zithandizanso kuti popewa kufinya pamtunda.

Njira zolerera

Kuti mupeze mbande zatsopano za dicentres, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito njira yodula ndi kugawa kwa mpweya.

Poyambirira, pofalitsa, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyambira zomwe zimapezeka mu Epulo. Zodulidwa zokhala ndi "chidendene" 12-15 cm kutalika ndizoyenera kuzika mizu. Pamwamba pa njirazo, kuphimba botolo la pulasitiki ndi filimu. Izi zipangitsa kutentha kwanyengo mkati ndikuthandizira kuzika kwamizu.

Mbewuzo zikamera bwino ndikukula, pobisalira zimayenera kuchotsedwa. M'chaka choyamba, mbewu zazing'ono zimayenera kukhala m'nyumba m'nyengo yozizira, koma pobwera masika pomwe zingabzalidwe malo okhazikika.

Saplings dicentres amasintha mwachangu komanso kukula

Wachiwiri, kumayambiriro kwa kasupe kapena koyambirira kwa nyengo yophukira, ndikofunikira kukumba munthu wachikulire wazitsamba zopitilira zaka 4. Kenako yeretsani mizu pansi, kenako nadzatsuka. Zitatha izi, ikani chomera pamalo pomwe pamakhala kuti chimazimiririka pang'ono. Izi zithandizira kuti gawoli lizichitika mwachangu komanso molondola.

Pambuyo pa maola 2-3, ndi mpeni wakuthwa, dulani gawo lakuziziralo la zigawo zingapo. Aliyense wa iwo ayenera kukhala ndi malo okula a 3-4 ndi mizu yolukitsidwa bwino. Zigawo zatsopano pambuyo pa njirayi ziyenera kukonkhedwa ndi makala, kenako zibzalani m'malo okhazikika. Zitatha izi, mbande ziyenera kuthiriridwa madzi ambiri.

Feteleza ndi feteleza

Kusamalira mbewuyi kumaphatikiza kudyetsa mbewu pa nthawi yake. Chapakatikati, nthawi yamasamba, tchire liyenera kuphatikiza ndi ma organic kawiri kawiri masabata awiri. Mullein (1:10) kapena zitosi za mbalame (1: 15) ndizoyenera kwambiri izi. Pakalibe, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa mchere wambiri wokhala ndi nitrogen yambiri, monga urea kapena ammonium nitrate 30 g pa 10 malita a madzi.

Pakapangidwa masamba, dicenter maluwa ayenera kuthira manyowa ndi superphosphate (40 g pa 10 l) ndi potaziyamu sulphide (30 g pachidebe). Thirani chitsamba pansi pazu ndi yankho lake. Izi ziyenera kuchitika madzulo.

Thirani mbewu

Ndikofunika kupatsira dicenter pamene chitsamba chikufika zaka 4-5. Potere, mmera umafunika kusankha malo atsopano, owala bwino kapena owoneka bwino. Njirayi iyenera kuchitidwa chimodzimodzi monga kubzala ana ang'ono.

Kuyesera kuyesa

Tchire likaphuka, ndikofunikira kuchotsa miyendo yonse mutayamba chikasu. Kudulira kakhadi zochulukirapo kuyenera kuchitidwa mu kugwa. Izi zithandizira mbewu kuti isamasuke nthawi yozizira.

Kuchepetsa malo ogulitsa ndikofunikira pamunsi, kungosiya zitsa zazing'ono zokha

Tizilombo ndi matenda

Malinga ndi kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe ake, ma dicenter amatha kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda komanso tizilombo toononga. Koma ngati zomwe zikukula sizikugwirizana, chitetezo chazirombo chimachepetsedwa.

Mavuto wamba:

• Kuyika mawanga. Ndi chitukuko cha matendawa, mphukira ndi masamba a dicentre adakutidwa ndimaluwa. Izi zimasokoneza ndi photosynthesis ndipo zimatsogolera pakupanga mbewu. Ndikovuta kuthana ndi kachilomboka, chifukwa chake ndikosavuta kupewa. Kuti tichite izi, ndikofunikira kuchitira tchire la dicenter kangapo pachaka. Muyeneranso kuchotsa munsanja, masamba zinyalala ndi nthambi zakale.
• Mitundu ya fodya. Chizindikiro chodziwika ndi chotupa ndi tsamba lakuda masamba pamasamba. Chifukwa cha izi, mbalezi zimaleka kukulira ndi kufinya. Matendawa amakhudza chomeracho, ndipo chimakhala chifukwa chake owongoletsa samatulutsa. Kuti muthane, ndikofunikira kuchotsa mphukira ndi masamba, komanso kuthirira kupopera mankhwala ndi fungicides: "Khungu", "Fitosporin".
• Ma nsabwe. Tizilombo timene timadya msuzi wa achinyamata mphukira, zomwe zimafooketsa mbewuyo. Kuti awononge tizilombo, tikulimbikitsidwa kupopera tchire ndi Intavir, Karbofos.

Nthawi yamaluwa ndi chisamaliro nthawi imeneyi

Maluwa akutuluka kumapeto kwa Meyi. Munthawi imeneyi, inflorescence zokongola zofanana ndi khosi zimawonekera kumapeto kwa mphukira. Pakulemera, nthambi zinawerama ndikukhazikika. Mbali yam'mphepete mwake imakhala ndi mawonekedwe a mtima, ndipo pansi pamakhala ma petals omwe amasunthira ndikuyang'ana mu malo omwe ali ngati chubu yokulungidwa.

Zomera zimatulutsa kawiri pa nyengo. Kutalika kwa funde loyamba ndi masabata 3-4. Pakati pa chilimwe, pang'onopang'ono chitsamba chimazirala, ochepa mphukira zochepa zomwe zimatsala. Mu Ogasiti, kutentha kumatha, mbewuyo imaphukanso. Zitatha izi, mabokosi amapangidwa momwe mbewu zimacha.

Pambuyo maluwa, chisamaliro cha dicenter chimakhala ndikuchotsa kwakanthaŵi kwa mphukira zosachedwa, zomwe zingathandize kugawa mphamvu ya mbewu.

Chomerachi chimawoneka mwachilengedwe.

Kukonzekera yozizira

Malo okongola a Alba, monga chikhalidwe china chosatha, ayenera kuphimbidwa nthawi yozizira ndi peat kapena humus. Izi zikuthandizira kupewa kuzizira kwa mizu pakakhala matalala osakwanira.

Muyenera kuchotsa pobisalira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, osadikirira kutentha kosatha. Munthawi imeneyi, ndikuwopseza kubwerera posachedwa, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito agrofiber kusunga mphukira zazing'ono.

Gwiritsani ntchito kapangidwe kake

Chomera ichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozungulira pamtunda wamtunda komanso louma m'munda, m'miyala yamapiri, kumapiri a kumapiri ndi m'matanthwe. Nthawi yomweyo, wowongolera amawoneka bwino kwambiri ndikuyimba kwamagulu.

Monga mbewu yodzikwanira, ibzalidwe pobowola udzu wobiriwira kapena conifers. Oyandikana nawo abwino angakhale:

• makamu
• Wogula
• Lungwort;
• daffodils;
• ma hyacinths;
• tulips.

Mutha kuphatikizanso m'minda ingapo yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa osiyanasiyana nthawi yomweyo maluwa. Dicenter imamvekanso bwino pansi pa denga la mbewu zazitali.

Dicenter ndi mlendo wakunja, yemwe amadziwika ndi maluwa ambiri ndi chisamaliro chochepa. Chikhalidwe chitha kubzalidwe m'malo ena osatha kubereka. Chifukwa chake, kutchuka kwa dicentres kukukula. Izi sizichitika mwadzidzidzi, chifukwa mbewu zochepa ndizabwino kwambiri ndipo zimatha kukondweretsa diso nyengo yonseyo.