Fuchsia (Fuchsia) ndi chitsamba chamuyaya chomwe chili ndi maluwa ambiri. Mtengowo umaperekedwa ndi feteleza wophatikiza, kuwala kokuwazikana, mpweya wabwino komanso wozizira, kuthirira panthawi yake. Ku Russia, amakula monga mtengo wokhazikika, chitsamba chofalikira kapena chomera chophukira.
Fuchsia sikufalikira: zifukwa
Fuchsia sikhala pachimake ngati kuwala, madzi, kutentha kwa thupi sikungawonedwe, matenda opatsirana ndi tizirombo kapena fungus.
Kupanda kuwala
Amakonda kuwala kozungulira. Mumithunzi yakuya, alibe nkhawa: masamba amakhala ataliitali, utoto wawo umasinthika. Mu chomera, ma infode a mphukira amakulitsidwa. Maluwa amakhala ofooka, masamba amawuma ndikugwa. Chomera chimakonda kusintha kwa malo ake poyerekeza ndi gwero lounikira, chifukwa chake simungathe kukonzanso maluwa ndi kukonzekera kwamuyaya.
Maluwa a Fuchsia kunyumba
Zofunika! Malo abwino ndi kum'mawa, kumpoto kwa windowsill.
Kutentha kwa mpweya
Fuchsia ndi mbewu yomwe imakonda kuzizira. M'nyengo yotentha, imamera bwino ndipo imaphukira kuchokera ku +12 ℃ mpaka +20 ℃. Kuti mukhale osatha, ndikofunikira kusunga nthawi yonse yozizira. Pakadali pano, amapatsidwa kutentha pamtunda kuchokera +8 ℃ mpaka +12 ℃.
Kutentha kwa +25 ℃ ndi pamwamba, mmerowo umalolera kupsinjika: umataya maluwa ndi masamba, masamba amafota, kamvekedwe ka onse amachepa. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yachilimwe ndikofunikira kuti duwa lichotse m'munda. M'nyumba yanyumba, poto wa fuchsia amatengedwa kukhonde, komwe amatetezedwa ndi dzuwa ndikuwazidwa kawiri patsiku. Zowoneka bwino sizitha kuwonekera pamakonde okhala ndi mawonekedwe akum'mwera.
Kupanda chinyezi
Munthawi yomwe maluwa akuchotsa mbewu, chomera sayenera kuthiriridwa madzi kawirikawiri komanso osakwanira. Choyamba, mizu yoyera yotunga madzi imaphwa, kenako masambawo amatha, masamba ndi maluwa amagwa. Chinyezi choyenera cha mpweya ndi 50-60%. Ndi mpweya wouma komanso wotentha umatsika masamba, masamba.
Tizilombo
Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono timatha kumera pamera: nthata za akangaude, oyera ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Kachilomboka kakang'ono kwambiri, mpaka 3 mm kukula kwake, kumadya masamba a masamba ndikuwasiyira oma. Ikuphimba stomata kumunsi kwa masamba omwe nyengayo imapumira. Masamba oyera amawoneka pamasamba. Mapale, maluwa owuma ndi kugwa.
Sipu ya kangaude imadziwika ndi maonekedwe achikasu pang'ono masamba ndi zimayambira. M'malo owonongeka, minofu necrosis imayamba. Chomera pakhomo sichikula bwino, chimataya masamba. Pambuyo pake, mutha kuwona pa tsamba loyera la akangaude ofiira. Nsabwe za m'masamba zimadalira chomera chomera. Masamba amasanduka achikasu, azipiringa kukhala chubu, yokutidwa ndi zokutira. Pa kukonzekera kwa fuchsia pachimake, masamba amakhudzidwa.
Fuchsia Web
Tcherani khutu! Tizilombo ta fuchsia timachulukana msanga ndikukhazikika pamaluwa oyandikana nawo. Matenda owononga ambiri a fungus amasamutsidwa mosavuta kuzomera zamkati. Chifukwa chake, odwala fuchsia amakhala okhaokha.
Matenda
Nthawi zambiri, chitsamba chimadwala ndi imvi zowola, dzimbiri ndi thonje. Zomwe zimachitika kuti pakhale imvi zowola zimapezeka pamtunda wambiri komanso kutentha kochepa. Mtundu wa masamba umakhala wobiriwira, zimayambira zokha. Mawonekedwe a bulauni amawoneka pamaluwa ndi masamba, omwe amaphimbidwa ndi pilo lofiirira.
Ngati matenda a fuchsia ndi dzimbiri, ofiira, ofika timabowo ndi mawanga awoneka pambali yamasamba. Kenako zimakutidwa ndi spores wa bowa wa dzimbiri mu mawonekedwe a mapilo velvet. Chomera chimasunthira chinyontho ndi maonekedwe. Spores pa perennials imanyamula tizilombo.
Zofunika kudziwa! Ma tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Powdery mildew, erysiphous fungi, amagwera pa fuchsia kudzera mumlengalenga ndikukhazikika mu zimayambira, masamba, masamba. Amakutidwa ndi tsamba loyera loyera. Matendawa amalimbikitsidwa ndi kuphatikiza kwamphamvu chinyezi ndi kutentha, mpweya wosasunthika m'nyumba, kufooka kwa chomera. Masamba amauma ndikugwa limodzi ndi masamba.
Momwe mungapangire tchire lachifuta kwambiri
Posunga chomera, ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe mungadyetsere fuchsia wamaluwa ambiri komanso momwe mungathiririre mbewuyo bwino. Nthawi yozizira itatha, ndikofunikira kuti ndikusintha duwa kukhala mphika watsopano, ndikuyika makungwa a pine pansi. Nthawi yomweyo, feteleza wa fuchsia amatha kuthiridwa pakatha mwezi umodzi. Chapakatikati kudyetsa mizu, kukula kwa mphukira, kusungira masamba, mbewuyo imadyetsedwa ndi feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni. Feteleza feteleza wosakanikirana ndi mchere. Kudyetsa maluwa ndikosavuta.
Zambiri! Amakhulupirira kuti feteleza azithira dothi kamodzi pakatha masabata awiri. Zochita zikuwonetsa kuti ndibwino kuthira feteleza fuchsia sabata iliyonse. Nthawi yomweyo, mlingo womwe umawonetsedwa mu malangizo umachepetsedwa ndi theka.
Feteleza pansi
M'chilimwe, pamtunda wotentha pamtunda wa +25 ℃ madzulo, fuchsia imalawa ndi mavalidwe apamwamba apamwamba. Nthaka yomwe ili mumphika ndi chomeracho iyenera kukhala yonyowa musanapake feteleza wa fuchsia wamaluwa ambiri.
Pamene masamba akukula ndi kupanga, kufunikira kwa fuchsia pofufuza zinthu kumasintha. Kupanga mizu, kusintha photosynthesis, ndi kukana matenda, fuchsia imachulukitsidwa ndimapangidwe ovuta a phosphorous-potaziyamu.
Ma feteleza ovuta a mineral ndi feteleza wabwino wa fuchsia kuti awonjezere maluwa. Kuphatikiza pa macronutrients, ilinso ndi zinthu: manganese, chitsulo, mkuwa, molybdenum, nthaka.
Kutulutsa maluwa mu fuchsia kumapitilira kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira (Okutobala-Novembala). Kuchepetsa kuthirira, kuchotsa masamba agwa, maluwa. Yang'anani mbewuzo ngati tizirombo. Duwa lokhala ndi maluwa osatha limatengedwa nthawi yachisanu m'malo abwino. Zakudya za mbewu ziyimitsidwa.
Chomera chokula chimathiriridwa ndimadzi ofewa. Iyenera kuyamba kutetezedwa masana. Madzi owiritsa chifukwa chosowa oxygen sagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mufetse madzi powonjezera peat pa 100 g pa 10 l yamadzi. Ikani 3 g phulusa la nkhuni 1 lita imodzi ya madzi.
Tcherani khutu! Musanaze kuthirira, yang'anani pansi mumphika ndi ndodo yopyapyala, kutembenuza mosamala kuzungulira mbali yake. Ngati bango lotulutsiralo limanyowa ndikukhala lodetsa, musathamangire kuthirira. Mutha kuthilira pansi ngati pali zomatira zokhomerera nthaka ndodo.
Nthawi ndi kuchuluka kwa kuthirira
Madzi ochulukirapo m'nthaka, komanso osowa, amavulaza fuchsia. Ponyowa, mizu imavunda. Zodulidwa zokha ndi zomwe zingathandize kupulumutsa mbewuyo. Kuti madzi asasunthike mumphika, pangani madzi okwanira masentimita 4-5 kuchokera ku dongo lokulitsa, zidutswa za zikho za vinyo. Fuchsia mumaphika 0,5 l amathiriridwa kamodzi pakatha masiku anayi. Nthaka yomwe ili m'malo oteteza maluwa ambiri amauma pang'onopang'ono, ndichifukwa chake nthawi yayitali pakati pa ulimi wothirira amatenga zochulukirapo.
Pali kusiyana pakati pa momwe fuchsia amathiridwira panthawi ya maluwa ndi matalala. Zomera zomwe zimayenda maluwa, madzi othirira amachititsa kuti chilengedwe chizikhala chotentha. Kupuma kwa fuchsia kumathiriridwa ndi madzi kutentha kwa firiji. Zomera zimakonda kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. M'masiku otentha, fuchsia imalapidwa katatu patsiku: m'mawa ndi madzulo.
Kupukuta kwa Fuchsia ndikofunikira
Ndikofunikira kudziwa! Asanatumize chomera kuti chikhale nthawi yachisanu, chimayang'aniridwa, nthambi zofooka zimadulidwa, malo abwino ndi owala amakhazikikapo. Thirirani duwa katatu pamwezi, nthaka yapamwamba ndiyenera kuyanika.
Momwe mungadyetse fuchsia wa maluwa ambiri
Pakudyetsa fuchsia, organic, feteleza wa mchere ndi zinthu zopanga tinthu tating'ono tomwe timagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Feteleza wachilengedwe
Feteleza wodziwika bwino ndi monga:
- vermicompost;
- phulusa lamatabwa;
- chakudya chamafupa;
- peat.
Pamaziko a biohumus, manyowa ambiri amadzimadzi ndi granular adapangidwa. Muli ma acid okhala ndi humic acid, kufufuza zinthu, ma phytohormones, zowonjezera pazakudya, Earthworm metabolites. Mlingowo umasamalidwa malinga ndi malangizo.
Phulusa lamatabwa limakhala ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphorous mu mawonekedwe osavuta kugaya, calcium ndi kufufuza zinthu monga chitsulo, sulufu, zinc, magnesium. Itha kuwonjezeredwa kumtunda wosakaniza mukadzala fuchsia. Chochita ndi fuchsia pambuyo maluwa? Phulusa lamadzi limakonzedwa ndikuwonjezera supuni imodzi ndi lita imodzi yamadzi, ndikugwiritsira ntchito ngati feteleza wa madzi.
Peat imasintha bwino dongo ndikuwonjezera chonde chake. Imagawika ndi kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kukhala malo okwezeka, otsika komanso osinthika. Acid peat ali ndi acidity yapamwamba kuposa peat lowland. Onjezani kusakaniza kwa mtunda mutabzala fuchsia. Peel ya nthochi ndi zipatso amazisonkhanitsa, zouma, ndi nthaka. Nthaka yomwe ili mumphika imakonkhedwa ndi ufa wa nthochi ndikuthiriridwa ndimadzi. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa peel: gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a lita imodzi ya ufa limathiridwa ndi madzi owiritsa. Kupirira kulowetsedwa kwa tsiku ndi zosefera.
Zothandiza! Ndikofunika kusunga diary ndi masiku aovala ndi kuthirira mbewu. Nthaka yomwe ili mumphika iyenera kuthiridwa manyowa, koma osawotcha mizu.
Zophatikizira Zachuma
Feteleza ndi awa:
- zosavuta
- zovuta
- zovuta.
Zosavuta zimakhala ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zitatu za zakudya - nayitrogeni, potaziyamu, phosphorous. Urea ili ndi nitrogen 40% yoyera. Thirani njira yothetsera urea 2 kawiri pamwezi. Kukonzekera yankho, supuni 1 ya urea imawonjezeredwa ndi madzi 3,8 l.
Mwa feteleza wokhala ndi phosphorous, superphosphate, superphosphate iwiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndikusowa phosphorous, kukula kumachepera, fuchsia sichimatulutsa, ndipo kukula kwa mizu kumachedwetsedwa. Lemberani malinga ndi malangizo
Zindikirani! Potaziyamu mankhwala enaake, potaziyamu sulfate imakhala ndi 52% ya potaziyamu ndi kusakaniza bwino ndi madzi. Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito kalimagnesia - feteleza wosavuta wokhala ndi potaziyamu 32%, magnesium 16%.
Kuphika kunyumba
Fuchsia amakonzedwa ndikuwaphika ndi maphikidwe achikhalidwe chazakudya. Monga feteleza, masamba a nthochi, zipatso za malalanje, mazira, mazira anyezi amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mafuta mafupa amakhala ndi nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi zinthu zina. Asanazungulidwe kudzera pa sume yabwino. Onjezerani supuni 1 pa dothi lamoto.
Kulowetsedwa kwa chipolopolo cha dzira kumakonzedwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira yomweyo. Kuphatikiza pa kugwiritsira ntchito chipolopolo mu mawonekedwe a kulowetsedwa, mutha kuchiyika pansi pamphika ngati ngalande. Anyezi amakhala ndi zinthu zosasunthika komanso zofufuza. Decoctions wa anyezi peels manyowa ndi kuteteza fuchsia ku tizirombo ndi matenda. Thirani anyezi angapo ndi madzi otentha, wiritsani pamoto wochepa kwa mphindi 8, tsimikizani, fefa. Patulani chomera ndi dothi 1 pamwezi.
Kufalikira Kwambiri
Nkhani yodyetsa fuchsia imasankhidwa ndi mzere wa feteleza pamsika. Kusinthidwa koyenera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito umuna, kupanga malo oyenera amera ndiye chinsinsi cha kutulutsa maluwa kwa nthawi yayitali.
